Rat models of high risk colorectal anastomoses 1.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the most frequent surgical techniques of high-risk colorectal anastomoses in rats. METHODS: Wistar rats were enrolled in three different models comprising inflammatory (TNBS enema), vascular (portal vein occlusion) or obstructive (a non-ischemic constricting ring) mechanisms associated with colonic anastomosis that had accomplished after these former lesions. Histological analyses (Hematoxylin and eosin and Picrosirius red) were performed. RESULTS: All anastomoses techniques were associated with risk factors and had complications, mainly anastomotic leakage. In Study 1, the use of a pharmacological agent, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) mimicked an inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn's disease with 50% of anastomosis leakage, the higher percentage among all models tested. In Study 2, after portal ischemia followed by reperfusion it was observed a dense neutrophil infiltrate in the midst of necrotic tissue and fibrin at the anastomotic site and 5 days after the anastomosis, no collagen was produced. In Study 3, 5 days after the mechanical obstruction some denuded areas of epithelium with marked oedema of mucosa and submucosa were seen, at the anastomotic site and anastomosis group showed some reduction of collagen density when compared with Control/Sham group. CONCLUSION: All the experimental surgical techniques tested in rats were associated with high-risk colorectal anastomoses and were useful to study colonic anastomotic healing and intestinal leakage.

Rat models of high risk colorectal anastomoses

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the most frequent surgical techniques of high-risk colorectal anastomoses in rats. Methods: Wistar rats were enrolled in three different models comprising inflammatory (TNBS enema), vascular (portal vein occlusion) or obstructive (a non-ischemic constricting ring) mechanisms associated with colonic anastomosis that had accomplished after these former lesions. Histological analyses (Hematoxylin and eosin and Picrosirius red) were performed. Results: All anastomoses techniques were associated with risk factors and had complications, mainly anastomotic leakage. In Study 1, the use of a pharmacological agent, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) mimicked an inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn's disease with 50% of anastomosis leakage, the higher percentage among all models tested. In Study 2, after portal ischemia followed by reperfusion it was observed a dense neutrophil infiltrate in the midst of necrotic tissue and fibrin at the anastomotic site and 5 days after the anastomosis, no collagen was produced. In Study 3, 5 days after the mechanical obstruction some denuded areas of epithelium with marked oedema of mucosa and submucosa were seen, at the anastomotic site and anastomosis group showed some reduction of collagen density when compared with Control/Sham group. Conclusion: All the experimental surgical techniques tested in rats were associated with high-risk colorectal anastomoses and were useful to study colonic anastomotic healing and intestinal leakage.

Proposed tuberculosis investigation and management protocol in complex and recurrent fistula-in-ano / Proposta de investigação e tratamento da tuberculose em fístulas anorretais complexas e recorrentes

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient disease, endemic in some regions, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among 22 countries accounting for 90% of tuberculosis cases worldwide, Brazil occupies the 17th place. The gastrointestinal form ranks sixth (5%) of extrapulmonary cases, while anorectal represents 2-7% of cases of fistula-in-ano, more common in midlife men, from endemic regions. In our country epidemiological data and accumulated clinical evidence strongly suggest the need for a systematic TB research as a responsible co-factor for complex anal fistulas or also those immunosuppression associated, in an attempt to reduce the high rates of recurrence of anal fistula (>30%). Purpose: The course from a complex anal tuberculosis associated fistula, confirmed after initial suspicion of Crohn's disease, is presented in order to emphasize the relevance of suspicion and a diagnosis protocol, as well as healing criteria in fistulas contaminated by the bacilli. Discussion: Sphincter damage risk in repeated fistula-in-ano surgical approaches requires considering tuberculosis infection, an underdiagnosed condition, and a preoperative diagnostic routine should be suggested. In the absence of description in the literature, preliminary clinical protocols must be provided in order to reduce recurrence and sphincter damage rates, when indicating surgical treatment of the disease. (AU)

Introdução: A tuberculose (TB) é uma doença ancestral, endêmica em algumas regiões, e causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Entre 22 países responsáveis por 90% dos casos de tuberculose em todo o mundo, o Brasil ocupa o 17° lugar. A forma gastrointestinal está em sexto lugar (5%) dos casos extrapulmonares, enquanto a anorretal representa 2-7% dos casos de fístula anal, sendo mais comum em homens de meia-idade e de regiões endêmicas. Em nosso país, os dados epidemiológicos e evidência clínica acumulada sugerem fortemente a necessidade de uma investigação sistemática TB como um cofator responsável por fístulas anais complexas ou também associada à imunossupressão, na tentativa de reduzir as altas taxas de recorrência de fístula anal (> 30%). Objetivo: O curso de uma fistula anal complexa associada à tuberculose, confirmada após suspeita inicial de doença de Crohn, é apresentada a fim de enfatizar a relevância da suspeita e de um protocolo de diagnóstico, bem como os critérios de cura em fístulas contaminados pelo bacilo. Discussão: O risco de danos no esfíncter nas abordagens cirúrgicas repetidas da fistula anal requer considerar a infecção por tuberculose como uma doença subdiagnosticada. Na ausência de dados da literatura, sugere-se uma rotina de diagnóstico pré-operatório e protocolos clínicos preliminares a fim de reduzir a recorrência da doença e a ocorrência de danos ao esfíncter. (AU)

Tumor de células granulares no canal anal: relato de caso e revisão de literatura / Granular cell tumor in the anal canal: case report and literature review

Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente de 28 anos em que foram diagnosticados múltiplos tumores de células granulares em canal anal, não relacionados com a queixa inicial. O tumor de células granulares é incomum, se apresentando geralmente como um tumor benigno que pode se localizar em qualquer segmento corpóreo. A apresentação no trato gastrointestinal é rara. Na literatura mundial são relatados apenas dois casos em canal anal. São discutidos os aspectos clínicos e diagnósticos do tumor de células granulares no trato gastrointestinal, principalmente no reto e ânus, assim como a terapêutica recomendada. É apresentada também uma revisão com base na literatura mundial, enfatizando a ocorrência do Tumor de Células Granulares em canal anal.

The authors report a case of a 28-years-old female patient in which were diagnosed multiples granular cell tumors in anal canal with no relationship to the complain. Granular cell tumor is incomum, usually a benign lesion that can appear anywhere in the body. It has a rare presentation in the gastrointestinal tract. On the literature we were able to find out only two cases in the anal canal. The discussion is about the diagnostic aspect of granular cell tumor in gastrointestinal tract, mainly in rectum and anal canal, diagnostic methods and the recommended therapy. It's either shown a review based on the world literature, emphasizing the granular cell tumor on anal canal.

Técnica de fechamento progressivo na laparostomia e descompressão abdominal / Progressive closure technique in laparostomy and decompressive management of abdomen

É apresentada uma técnica de controle da evisceração, empregada nos casos com indicação formal de laparostomia. Através da combinação de dupla prótese temporária (tela de polipropileno e película de poliamida), realizamos o "fechamento progressivo", o qual permite a síntese primária tardia da parede abdominal, sem o risco de fístula entérica. Os resultados da primeira série de 23 pacientes (1990-1994) são comparados a outro grupo (outras técnicas de laparostomia) do mesmo hospital. A mortalidade global foi de 39,1% em nossa série, contra 55,9% quando utilizadas outras técnicas (p = 0,003), não havendo diferença entre seus índices prognósticos (Apache II). Em todos os casos em que o fechamento progressivo foi concluído (22 pacientes), a síntese primária tardia da parede abdominal foi possível, mesmo que com longos períodos de laparostomia. O emprego da técnica não aumentou o tempo de internação. A reoperação programada e o controle dos focos sépticos foram mais efetivos, com uma média de revisões de cavidade igual a 6,8 contra 1,8 no outro grupo. Nenhuma fístula e nenhuma eventração decorreram do emprego da técnica. O recente emprego da técnica na Síndrome Compartimental do Abdome tem demonstrado grande benefício para estes pacientes críticos. Os novos conceitos sobre a laparostomia trouxeram importantes mudanças quanto aos seus critérios de indicação e novas exigências quanto ao seu refinamento técnico.

A new technique to preserve the abdominal wall in laparostomies will be presented. This technique proposes a different solution to minimize morbidity related to laparostomy using a double temporary prosthesis of polypropylene mesh and polyamide sheet. With the use of these prosthesis materials, a minimum parietal damage was shown and this technique allowed a delayed primary synthesis of the abdominal wall through progressive closure. Our results in the first 23 patient's group (1990-1994) will be show and compared to another group treated, at the same hospital by another laparostomy technique. In both groups the risk had being evaluated by Apache II score and there was no statistical difference between them, but the mortality rate was 39,1% in the first group and 55,9% in the second (p = 0,003). Even when there was a long time of "open abdomen" the delayed primary synthesis of the abdominal wall was accomplished (with the progressive closure technique). The scheduled operations to control septic focus were more easily performed. There was no fistula formation resulting from the use of the prosthesis and technique. The recent employment of this technique in patients with Compartimental Abdominal Syndrome, had shown good results. Newer understanding of laparostomy concepts had brought major alterations in its indication and technica improvement as well.

Laparostomia: técnica alternativa para fechamento progressivo; combinaçäo de tela de Marlex e Sterylpack; comunicaçäo preliminar / Laparostomy: alternative technique for progressive closure; combination use of Marlex-Mesh and Sterylpack; preliminary communication

Os autores apresentam uma proposta tecnica alternativa na utilizacao da Laparostomia, na qual combinam a tela de Marlex e o "Sterylpack" (pelicula de Poliamida). Chamam a atencao para os procedimentos necessarios a obtencao de melhores resultados frente a morbidez que a Laparostomia nos apresenta, em especial a preservacao da parede (prevendo o reparo primario retardado apos "fechamento progressivo do abdome") que o metodo possibilita