Similar regional-scale survival of tropical and southern temperate birds from the New World.

The general assumption that the survival patterns of tropical and southern temperate birds are similar lacks empirical data from higher latitudes. Regional comparisons of New World species are rare, and this assumption has been based on data from African studies. Here, we estimate the survival rates of 88 tropical and southern temperate bird populations (69 species) from eight localities in South America to evaluate the hypothesis that the survival of these populations is homogeneous at the regional scale. We estimated survival based on the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model and compared values from different environments. The survival estimates ranged from 0.30 to 0.80 (0.56 ± 0.12). Apparent survival did not differ significantly between low-latitude tropical environments (03°S) and the other sites from high-latitudes (between 22° and 34°S). Despite a predicted positive trend, body size was not significantly related to survival among passerines. On the other hand, phylogenetic relationships explained more than a third of the variation in bird survival. Based on the largest available database on South American bird species, our findings support the hypothesis that bird survival is homogeneous, at the regional scale, along the southern hemisphere. In particular, we reinforce the hypothesis that climatic variation has a limited influence on bird survival in the southern hemisphere.

Bacterial pathogens' screening in Brazilian chigger mites (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae), with the first report of 'Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi'-like in avian-associated chiggers.

Chiggers are larval ectoparasites of the Trombiculidae that can transmit pathogens to their hosts. In this study, chiggers collected from birds in Brazil were morphologically identified as Blankaartia sinnamaryi, Eutrombicula batatas, Eutrombicula daemoni, Eutrombicula goeldii, Eutrombicula tinami, and Parasecia gilbertoi. For these specimens, a beginning attempt at molecular identification were also provided, as well as, were genetically screened to detect bacterial pathogens. The species B. sinnamaryi and E. tinami were positive for Rickettsia felis-like and 'Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi'-like, respectively. For the other agents (Anaplasmataceae, Borrelia spp. and Orientia tsutsugamushi), the tests were negative. This is the first report of 'Ca. R. colombianensi'-like and the second record of R. felis-like in chigger collected on birds from Brazil.

Eutrombicula tinami (Oudemans, 1910) (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) in Brazil: a neglected ectoparasite of several animals including humans

O gênero Eutrombicula compreende ca. 80 espécies em todo o mundo, algumas das quais foram relatadas como agentes causadores de irritação severa na pele do hospedeiro, conhecidas como trombiculíase. Seis espécies de Eutrombicula foram registradas no Brasil até o presente, com dois relatos de humanos como hospedeiros. Neste estudo, Eutrombicula tinami (Oudemans) é redescrita e novos registros para os estados de Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina e São Paulo, bem como novas associações de parasitas-hospedeiros com Columbiformes, Cuculiformes, Passeriformes, Tinamiformes, Carnívoros, Didelphimorphia e Lagomorpha estão listados. Além disso, são apresentados dois casos detalhados de trombiculíase.

Eutrombicula tinami (Oudemans, 1910) (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) in Brazil: a neglected ectoparasite of several animals including humans

O gênero Eutrombicula compreende ca. 80 espécies em todo o mundo, algumas das quais foram relatadas como agentes causadores de irritação severa na pele do hospedeiro, conhecidas como trombiculíase. Seis espécies de Eutrombicula foram registradas no Brasil até o presente, com dois relatos de humanos como hospedeiros. Neste estudo, Eutrombicula tinami (Oudemans) é redescrita e novos registros para os estados de Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina e São Paulo, bem como novas associações de parasitas-hospedeiros com Columbiformes, Cuculiformes, Passeriformes, Tinamiformes, Carnívoros, Didelphimorphia e Lagomorpha estão listados. Além disso, são apresentados dois casos detalhados de trombiculíase.

The Amatsu's tracheoesophageal shunt: analysis of 84 cases.

INTRODUCTION: Amatsu's tracheoesophageal shunt can be indicated for vocal rehabilitation in candidates to total laryngectomy. It is performed in the period of the procedure of total laryngectomy and has been indicated due to its technical facility, exemption from the use of voice prosthesis, and lack of additional costs for its maintenance. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results obtained with the Amatsu's tracheoesophageal shunt, along 14 years of experience, in two Brazilian hospitals. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical retrospective. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From 1991 to 2005, eighty-four patients were submitted to the Amatsu's tracheoesophageal shunt. Seventy-seven (91.7%) were male and seven (8.3%) female, aged between 30 and 82 years, mean age of 57.5 years, and an average age of 52 years. All patients had squamous cell carcinoma of larynx and/or hypopharynx. Sixty-eight (81.0%) were stage III or IV. They were submitted to total laryngectomy and the Amatsu's tracheoesophageal shunt was performed during the tumor removal surgery. The following variables were analyzed: acquisition of intelligible speech, vocal recovery time after surgery, and the occurrence of specific surgical complications of the shunt (pulmonary aspiration). RESULTS: Seventy-six patients were evaluated with respect to the effectiveness of the technique. Fifty-three patients (70.0%) presented vocalization by the shunt; in 46 patients (60.5%), the speech was fully intelligible. The time required for restoration of speech was 12-87 postoperative days. Of the 83 patients evaluated in relation to the development of complications, 25 (30.1%) presented aspiration by the shunt during oral ingestion. In 23 patients (27.7%), the aspiration was managed conservatively without complications. Two patients (2.4%) required surgical closure of the shunt due to intractable aspiration. CONCLUSION: Vocal rehabilitation with the Amatsu's tracheoesophageal shunt is effective in most patients who underwent total laryngectomy. It can be evidenced by the acquisition of intelligible speech in most patients. The aspiration, although often, is not shown to be a limiting complication.

Sulphonamide and sulphonyl-hydrazone cyclic imide derivatives: antinociceptive activity, molecular modeling and in silico ADMET screening.

In this paper, we describe the antinociceptive activity, molecular modeling and in silico ADMET screening of a series of sulphonyl-hydrazone and sulphonamide imidobenzene derivatives. Among these compounds, the sulphonyl-hydrazones 9 and 11 showed the most potent analgesic activity (ID(50) = 5.1 and 6.8 µmol/kg, respectively). Interestingly, all derivatives evaluated in this study have a better analgesic profile than the control drugs, acetyl salicylic acid and acetaminophen. Derivative 9 was the most promising compound; with a level of activity that was 24 times higher than the control drugs. Our SAR study showed a relationship among the distribution of the frontier orbital HOMO coefficients, HOMO-LUMO energy gap of these molecules and their reactivity. The best analgesic compounds (including 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12) fulfilled the Lipinski "rule-of-five", which is theoretically important for good drug absorption and permeation.