Preventive and therapeutic assessment program for mucositis in patients with cancer: promising advances in stomatological care / Programa de avaliação preventiva e terapêutica de mucosite em pacientes com câncer: avanços promissores na assistência estomatológica

OBJECTIVES: We propose a preventive and therapeutic assessment program for mucositis in patients with cancer based on a comprehensive review of scientific evidence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This methodological study, designed as a non-systematic review, entails a thorough review of the scientific evidence on the management of mucositis in patients with cancer. The PICO method was used, allowing for a structured approach to explore and synthesize relevant evidence. RESULTS: Effective mucositis management requires regular assessments, dental exams, preventive strategies, and consideration of modifiable risk factors. Pharmacological therapies may be considered for severe cases, while oral antimicrobials, prophylactic antiviral and antifungal therapy can prevent infections. Topical anesthetics o?er pain relief but require careful administration. A gradual management plan, from gentle rinses to analgesics, is recommended. CONCLUSION: The suggested program may improve the identification, prevention, and management of this complication to achieve optimal management outcomes.

OBJETIVOS: Propomos um programa de avaliação preventiva e terapêutica de mucosite em pacientes com câncer com base em uma revisão abrangente de evidências científicas. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Este estudo metodológico, concebido como uma revisão não sistemática, envolve uma revisão aprofundada da evidência científica sobre o manejo de mucosite em pacientes com câncer. Foi utilizado o método PICO, permitindo uma abordagem estruturada para explorar e sintetizar evidências relevantes. RESULTADOS: O manejo eficaz da mucosite requer avaliações regulares, exames odontológicos, estratégias preventivas e consideração de fatores de risco modificáveis. As terapias farmacológicas podem ser consideradas para casos graves, enquanto os antimicrobianos orais e a terapia antiviral e antifúngica profilática podem prevenir infecções. Os anestésicos tópicos oferecem alívio da dor, mas requerem administração cuidadosa. Recomenda-se uma administração gradual, desde enxágues suaves até analgésicos. CONCLUSÃO: O programa sugerido pode melhorar a identificação, prevenção e manejo desta complicação para alcançar resultados de conduta ideais.

Cancer immunotherapy: the art of targeting the tumor immune microenvironment.

For many decades, cancer treatment has been strongly directed toward the development of cytotoxic and cytostatic drugs, quite often leading to disappointing results due to the inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Lately, this intra-cellular look has given way to the understanding of the tumor microenvironment, thus enabling modification of the immunological dynamics between tumor cells and their host. An era of new drugs aiming to unlock the host immune system against tumor cells is steadily increasing. Strategies involving adoptive cell therapy, therapeutic vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors and so on have provided spectacular clinical responses and increased survival in previously refractory settings and "hard-to-treat" cancers. Based on a comprehensive search in the main scientific databases, annals of recent renowned oncology congresses and platforms of ongoing trials, the clinical pharmacology characteristics of the main classes of immunotherapeutic agents, as well as the new treatment strategies related to immunotherapy in solid tumors, are carefully discussed throughout this review.

Extragastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (EGIST): a series of case reports

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(EGIST) are mesenchymal tumors whichmay originate in sites outside the gastrointestinal tract with clinico-pathological and molecular profilessimilar to GISTs. Here is a series of case reports from The National Cancer Institute (INCA) about this rare type of tumor.

Apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer: implications for chemosensitivity and prognosis

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly occuring malignancies in the world. In ccontrast to other type of cancer, the death rates from lung cancer decrease has been observed in its death rates in the United States and Canada, but not in developing countries, where, in contrast, it continue to rise. These differences among countries are attribued to smoking habits that are decreasing in developed countries, as result of anti-smoking programs launched by goverments to diminish tobacco use and educate the population.Lunf cancer remains a health care problem. Worldwide, only 13-15% of the patients who develop lung cancer survive 5 years. Approximately 75-80of lung carcinomas are non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC), whereas the remaining 20-25% are small cell lung carcinmas (SCLC). The distiction between SCLC and NSCL is a pragmatic clinical classification to standardize management and therapy, since several differences in the treatment strategies exist between NSCL and SCLC. The major distinction between in term of treatment is that far more ofen NSCL is candidate for surgery. In addition, differences also exist in the epidemiology, etiology, pathology, clinical features, stating, prognostic factors and response to chemotherapy. The focus of this thesis is on NSCLC.

Seguimento pós-tratamento no câncer de mama: tendência atual / ollow-up in breast cancer: current trends

Os programas de seguimento pós-tratamento do câncer de mama são heterogêneos, variando entre o centros de tratamento e os profissionais envolvidos. Esses programas têm como denominador comum o gasto de tempo, dinheiro e a falta de uma avaliação criteriosa sobre a sua efetividade. Este artigo de revisão apresenta argumentos para uma mudança na abordagem das pacientes durante o seguimento, enfocando sua efetividade e real impacto na sobrevida