Latissimus Dorsi Transfer to Irreparable Anterosuperior Lesions to the Rotator Cuff: Description of Surgical Technique.

Lesions to the shoulder rotator cuff may have several configurations, and are divided and classified according to the size of the lesion, the tendon involved, its combinations and whether there is possibility of repair. Irreparable subscapular lesions, as well as irreparable anterosuperior lesions, may generate shoulder dysfunction due to loss of humeral head depressants, causing pain and functional limitation. Myotendinous transfers are among the therapeutic alternatives, and the most studied and widespread in recent decades is the transfer of the pectoralis major to the minor tuberosity. However, some anatomical studies suggest that the latissimus dorsi is a more appropriate alternative for the treatment of these lesions because it presents force vectors more similar to those of the subscapularis, besides presenting promising results in the clinical evaluations with short follow-up. The present work aims to describe the surgical technique developed for transfer of the latissimus dorsi in cases of irreparable subscapular and anterossuperior lesions to the rotator cuff.

Radiographic Evaluation of the Consolidation of Humerus Surgical Neck Fractures Treated With Percutaneous Fixation.

Objective To evaluate radiographically the postoperative results of patients with fracture of the proximal humerus in two parts of the surgical neck treated with threaded percutaneous fixation. Methods We evaluated the radiographic results of percutaneous fixation with threaded pins on the treatment of proximal humerus fractures in our service. Preoperative and postoperative images of 42 patients were evaluated, evaluating radiographs until 8 weeks postoperatively. We considered on evaluation the fracture deviation on preoperative images, the loss of reduction and no consolidation. Results Our consolidation rate was 90.4%, with loss of reduction in 16.6% of the cases and no consolidation rates in just 4 operated cases. We observed a predominance of a specific fracture pattern in the cases with loss of reduction. Conclusion The present study allows us to consider the percutaneous fixation technique with threaded pins as an alternative in our therapeutic arsenal for the proximal humerus fracture of the surgical neck. Contraindications are considered for low fracture trait on the metaphysis and with medial/lateral cortical impairment.

Radiographic Evaluation of the Consolidation of Humerus Surgical Neck Fractures Treated With Percutaneous Fixation / Avaliação radiográfica da consolidação das fraturas desviadas do colo cirúrgico do úmero tratadas com fixação percutânea

Abstract Objective To evaluate radiographically the postoperative results of patients with fracture of the proximal humerus in two parts of the surgical neck treated with threaded percutaneous fixation. Methods We evaluated the radiographic results of percutaneous fixation with threaded pins on the treatment of proximal humerus fractures in our service. Preoperative and postoperative images of 42 patients were evaluated, evaluating radiographs until 8 weeks postoperatively. We considered on evaluation the fracture deviation on preoperative images, the loss of reduction and no consolidation. Results Our consolidation rate was 90.4%, with loss of reduction in 16.6% of the cases and no consolidation rates in just 4 operated cases. We observed a predominance of a specific fracture pattern in the cases with loss of reduction. Conclusion The present study allows us to consider the percutaneous fixation technique with threaded pins as an alternative in our therapeutic arsenal for the proximal humerus fracture of the surgical neck. Contraindications are considered for low fracture trait on the metaphysis and with medial/lateral cortical impairment.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar radiograficamente os resultados pós-operatórios dos pacientes com fratura da extremidade proximal do úmero em duas partes do colo cirúrgico tratados com fixação percutânea com fios rosqueados. Métodos Avaliamos radiograficamente os resultados da fixação percutânea com fios rosqueados das fraturas da extremidade proximal do úmero realizadas em nosso serviço. Foram avaliadas as imagens pré- e pós-operatórias de 42 pacientes, avaliando-se radiografias com até 8 semanas de pós-operatório. Consideramos na avaliação o desvio da fratura pré-operatório, a perda da redução e a consolidação da fratura. Resultados O índice de consolidação nos casos avaliados foi de 90,4%, com perda da redução em 16,6% dos casos e não obtida a consolidação em apenas 4 casos. Foi observada uma predominância de determinado padrão de fratura nos casos que perderam a redução. Conclusão O estudo permitiu considerar a técnica de fixação percutânea com fios rosqueados uma alternativa no arsenal terapêutico da fratura da extremidade proximal do úmero do colo cirúrgico, com contraindicação para os traços de fratura baixos na metáfise e com acometimento da cortical medial/lateral.

Update on open reduction and internal fixation of unstable pelvic fractures during pregnancy: case reports / Redução aberta e fixação interna em fraturas da pelve instáveis durante a gestação: relato de casos

ABSTRACT This article aims to report four cases of unstable pelvic fractures in pregnant women treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Cases report: The study included four cases of pregnant women with unstable pelvic fractures; their outcomes were analyzed and discussed. Data were obtained from two University Hospitals. The mean age of women was 23 years; most (3/4) were primiparous, with a mean pregnancy age of 23 weeks. Two women had Malgaigne-type fractures and the other two had symphyseal disjunction associated with acetabular fractures. All fractures were treated surgically. One foetus was dead on admission to hospital. The other three developed well, along with their mothers. Good evolution was only possible with careful pre-, peri-, and postoperative care for the mother, as well as foetal assessment by a multidisciplinary team. In complex cases such as those presented in the present study, pre-, peri-, and postoperative care are mandatory, as well as the presence of a multidisciplinary team. The mother's life always takes priority in acute clinical pictures, as it offers the best chance of survival to both mother and child.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar quatro casos de fraturas pélvicas instáveis em grávidas tratadas com redução aberta e fixação interna. Relato dos casos: Foram considerados neste estudo quatro casos de gestantes com fraturas instáveis da pelve, foram analisados e discutidos os seus desfechos. Os dados foram obtidos em dois hospitais universitários. A idade média das mulheres foi de 23 anos. A maioria delas (3/4) era primípara, com idade gestacional média de 23 semanas. Duas mulheres tiveram fraturas do tipo Malgaigne e as outras duas apresentaram disjunção da sínfise associada a fraturas do acetábulo. Todas as fraturas foram tratadas cirurgicamente. Um feto estava morto no momento da admissão ao hospital. Os outros três evoluíram bem, junto com suas mães. A boa evolução dos quadros só foi possível com o cuidado pré-, peri- e pós-operatório das gestantes e com a avaliação dos fetos por uma equipe multidisciplinar. Em casos complexos como os abordados neste artigo, são imprescindíveis os cuidados pré-, peri- e pós-operatórios, além da presença de uma equipe multidisciplinar. A vida da mãe tem sempre prioridade no quadro agudo, pois oferece a melhor chance de sobrevivência para a mãe e a criança.

Update on open reduction and internal fixation of unstable pelvic fractures during pregnancy: case reports.

This article aims to report four cases of unstable pelvic fractures in pregnant women treated by open reduction and internal fixation. CASES REPORT: The study included four cases of pregnant women with unstable pelvic fractures; their outcomes were analyzed and discussed. Data were obtained from two University Hospitals. The mean age of women was 23 years; most (3/4) were primiparous, with a mean pregnancy age of 23 weeks. Two women had Malgaigne-type fractures and the other two had symphyseal disjunction associated with acetabular fractures. All fractures were treated surgically. One foetus was dead on admission to hospital. The other three developed well, along with their mothers. Good evolution was only possible with careful pre-, peri-, and postoperative care for the mother, as well as foetal assessment by a multidisciplinary team. In complex cases such as those presented in the present study, pre-, peri-, and postoperative care are mandatory, as well as the presence of a multidisciplinary team. The mother's life always takes priority in acute clinical pictures, as it offers the best chance of survival to both mother and child.

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar quatro casos de fraturas pélvicas instáveis em mulheres grávidas tratadas com redução aberta e fixação interna. RELATO DOS CASOS: Foram considerados neste estudo quatro casos de mulheres gestantes com fraturas instáveis da pelve, sendo analisados e discutidos os seus desfechos. Os dados foram obtidos em dois hospitais universitários. A idade média das mulheres foi de 23 anos. A maioria delas (3/4) era primípara, com idade gestacional média de 23 semanas. Duas mulheres tiveram fraturas do tipo Malgaigne e as outras duas apresentaram disjunção da sínfise associada a fraturas do acetábulo. Todas as fraturas foram tratadas cirurgicamente. Um feto estava morto no momento da admissão ao hospital. Os outros três evoluíram bem, junto com suas mães. A boa evolução dos quadros só foi possível com o cuidado pré-, peri- e pós-operatório das gestantes e com a avaliação dos fetos por uma equipe multidisciplinar. Em casos complexos como os abordados neste artigo, são imprescindíveis os cuidados pré-, peri- e pós-operatórios, além da presença de uma equipe multidisciplinar. A vida da mãe tem sempre prioridade no quadro agudo, pois oferece a melhor chance de sobrevivência para a mãe e a criança.

Do patients lose weight after total hip arthroplasty?

Objective: To investigate the effect of total hip arthroplasty (THA) on body mass index (BMI), from before to after the operation. Methods: 100 patients who underwent THA were retrospectively analyzed. They were stratified according to BMI, as proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results: There were 48 male patients and 52 female patients. Their mean age was 63.8 ± 13.5 years. The mean follow-up was 24.6 ± 0.6 months. The men had a mean preoperative BMI of 28.4± 3.6kg/m2 and the women, 27.5 ±5.0kg/m2. The mean postoperative BMI was 28.9 ±0.7kg/m2 for the men and 27.8 ± 0.7 kg/m2 for the women. There was a general mean increase in BMI of 0.4kg/m2. The BMI increased both in patients with normal weight and in those who were overweight, but it decreased slightly in patients who were obese. BMI remained unchanged in the majority of the patients (73%). Conclusion: The improvement in mobility achieved through THA did not promote any reduction in anthropometric measurements in the majority of the patients...

Objetiuo: Investigar o efeito da artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ) no índice de massa corporal em relação ao pré e ao pós-operatório. Métodos: Foram analisados retrospectivamente 100 pacientes submetidos à ATQ. Os pacientes foram estratificados pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC), conforme proposto pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Resultados: Foram observados 48 pacientes do sexo masculino e 52 do feminino. A média de idade foi de 63,8 ± 13,5 anos. O seguimento médio foi de 24,6 ± 0,6 meses. Os homens apresentaram IMC pré-operatório médio de 28,4 ±3,6 kg/m2 e as mulheres, de 27,5 ±5,0 kg/m2. O IMC médio pós-operatório foi 28,9±0,7kg/m2 para os homens e 27,8±0,7kg/m2 para as mulheres. Ocorreu uma média de aumento geral do IMC em 0,4kg/m2. O IMC aumentou em pacientes com peso normal e com sobrepeso, mas diminuiu levemente em pacientes com obesidade. A maioria dos pacientes (73%) permaneceu com o IMC inalterado. Conclusão: A melhoria da mobilidade obtida com a ATQ não promoveu uma redução das medidas antropométricas na maioria dos pacientes...

Avaliação dos resultados da redução aberta e da fixação interna das fraturas graves da extremidade proximal do úmero em idosos / Results of open reduction and internal fixation of severe fractures of the proximal humerus in elderly patients

Objetivo: avaliar clinica e radiologicamente os resultados obtidos com a redução aberta e a fixação interna das fraturas graves da extremidade proximal do úmero (FGEPU) na população com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. Métodos: entre junho de 1992 e fevereiro de 2011, o Grupo de Ombro e Cotovelo do Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo tratou, com redução aberta e fixação interna, 21 pacientes com FGEPU e com idade superior a 60 anos. Desses, 18 foram reavaliados. Resultados: dois pacientes evoluíram com resultados excelentes, 12 bons, três regulares e um ruim. Portanto, verificamos que 77,7% evoluíram com bons e excelentes resultados. Todos os pacientes estavam satisfeitos com o tratamento e apenas três não retornaram às atividades prévias. As médias de mobilidade pós-operatória foram de 122° de elevação (90° -150°), 39° de rotação lateral (20 °-60°) e T11 de rotação medial (T5 a Glúteo). Conclusão: a redução aberta e a fixação interna das FGEPU podem ser indicadas também para pacientes idosos e obtivemos 77,7% de bons e excelentes resultados. Estatisticamente (p < 0,05), a redução anatômica da fratura mostrou-se importante para a obtenção de bons resultados. .

Objective: To evaluate clinical and radiological results with open reduction and internal fixation of severe fractures of the proximal humerus in the patients over the age of 60 years. Methods: Between June 1992 and February 2011, 21 patients with FGEPU over the age of 60 years were treated by open reduction and internal fixation at the Group of Shoulder and Elbow Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Santa Casa de São Paulo Medical School. 18 patients were reviewed. Results: Two patients had excellent results, 12 good, three regular and one bad. Therefore, we find that 77.7% of these had good and excellent results. All patients were satisfied with the treatment and only three patients did not return to previous activities. Mean postoperative mobilities were 122° elevation (90-150°), 39 lateral rotation (20-60°) and medial rotation of T11 (T5 to sacro iliac joint). Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation of FGEPU may also be indicated for elderly patients and obtained 77.7% of good and excellent results. Statistically ( p < 0.05), the anatomical reduction of the fracture was found to be important for obtaining good results. .

Results of open reduction and internal fixation of severe fractures of the proximal humerus in elderly patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and radiological results with open reduction and internal fixation of severe fractures of the proximal humerus in the patients over the age of 60 years. METHODS: Between June 1992 and February 2011, 21 patients with FGEPU over the age of 60 years were treated by open reduction and internal fixation at the Group of Shoulder and Elbow Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Santa Casa de São Paulo Medical School. 18 patients were reviewed. RESULTS: Two patients had excellent results, 12 good, three regular and one bad. Therefore, we find that 77.7% of these had good and excellent results. All patients were satisfied with the treatment and only three patients did not return to previous activities. Mean postoperative mobilities were 122° elevation (90-150°), 39 lateral rotation (20-60°) and medial rotation of T11 (T5 to sacro iliac joint). CONCLUSION: Open reduction and internal fixation of FGEPU may also be indicated for elderly patients and obtained 77.7% of good and excellent results. Statistically (p < 0.05), the anatomical reduction of the fracture was found to be important for obtaining good results.

OBJETIVO: avaliar clinica e radiologicamente os resultados obtidos com a redução aberta e a fixação interna das fraturas graves da extremidade proximal do úmero (FGEPU) na população com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. MÉTODOS: entre junho de 1992 e fevereiro de 2011, o Grupo de Ombro e Cotovelo do Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo tratou, com redução aberta e fixação interna, 21 pacientes com FGEPU e com idade superior a 60 anos. Desses, 18 foram reavaliados. RESULTADOS: dois pacientes evoluíram com resultados excelentes, 12 bons, três regulares e um ruim. Portanto, verificamos que 77,7% evoluíram com bons e excelentes resultados. Todos os pacientes estavam satisfeitos com o tratamento e apenas três não retornaram às atividades prévias. As médias de mobilidade pós­operatória foram de 122° de elevação (90°­150°), 39° de rotação lateral (20°­60°) e T11 de rotação medial (T5 a Glúteo). CONCLUSÃO: a redução aberta e a fixação interna das FGEPU podem ser indicadas também para pacientes idosos e obtivemos 77,7% de bons e excelentes resultados. Estatisticamente (p < 0,05), a redução anatômica da fratura mostrou­se importante para a obtenção de bons resultados.

Do patients lose weight after total hip arthroplasty?

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of total hip arthroplasty (THA) on body mass index (BMI), from before to after the operation. METHODS: 100 patients who underwent THA were retrospectively analyzed. They were stratified according to BMI, as proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). RESULTS: There were 48 male patients and 52 female patients. Their mean age was 63.8 ± 13.5 years. The mean follow-up was 24.6 ± 0.6 months. The men had a mean preoperative BMI of 28.4 ± 3.6 kg/m(2) and the women, 27.5 ± 5.0 kg/m(2). The mean postoperative BMI was 28.9 ± 0.7 kg/m(2) for the men and 27.8 ± 0.7 kg/m(2) for the women. There was a general mean increase in BMI of 0.4 kg/m(2). The BMI increased both in patients with normal weight and in those who were overweight, but it decreased slightly in patients who were obese. BMI remained unchanged in the majority of the patients (73%). CONCLUSION: The improvement in mobility achieved through THA did not promote any reduction in anthropometric measurements in the majority of the patients.

OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito da artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ) no índice de massa corporal em relação ao pré e ao pós-operatório. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados retrospectivamente 100 pacientes submetidos à ATQ. Os pacientes foram estratificados pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC), conforme proposto pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). RESULTADOS: Foram observados 48 pacientes do sexo masculino e 52 do feminino. A média de idade foi de 63,8 ± 13,5 anos. O seguimento médio foi de 24,6 ± 0,6 meses. Os homens apresentaram IMC pré-operatório médio de 28,4 ± 3,6 kg/m2 e as mulheres, de 27,5 ± 5,0 kg/m2. O IMC médio pós-operatório foi 28,9 ± 0,7 kg/m2 para os homens e 27,8 ± 0,7 kg/m2 para as mulheres. Ocorreu uma média de aumento geral do IMC em 0,4 kg/m2. O IMC aumentou em pacientes com peso normal e com sobrepeso, mas diminuiu levemente em pacientes com obesidade. A maioria dos pacientes (73%) permaneceu com o IMC inalterado. CONCLUSÃO: A melhoria da mobilidade obtida com a ATQ não promoveu uma redução das medidas antropométricas na maioria dos pacientes.

Osteotomias do rádio distal com uso de placa volar de ângulo fixo / Osteotomy of the distal radius using a fixed-angle volar plate

OBJETIVO: A consolidação viciosa do rádio distal, por sequela de fratura, pode causar incapacidade funcional, levando o paciente a apresentar dor, perda de força e diminuição da mobilidade. Baseando-se nos excelentes resultados obtidos com o tratamento cirúrgico das fraturas instáveis do rádio distal com a utilização de abordagem volar e o uso de fixação rígida com a placa volar de ângulo fixo, começamos a utilizar o mesmo método para as osteotomias do rádio distal. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma revisão retrospectiva e encontrou-se 20 pacientes, no período de fevereiro de 2002 a outubro 2009. O tempo de acompanhamento médio foi de 43,9 meses (variando de 12-96 meses). A indicação cirúrgica foi de dor persistente, deformidade e limitação funcional após fratura de deslocamento dorsal. RESULTADOS: A deformidade média pré-operatória foi de 27º de inclinação dorsal do rádio distal, 87º de angulação ulnar e 7,3 milímetros de encurtamento do rádio. Todas as osteotomias consolidaram e a média final de angulação volar do rádio distal foi de 6,2º, com 69,3º de angulação ulnar e um milímetro de encurtamento. A mobilidade média do punho aumentou em 19,9º na flexão e em 24º na extensão. No antebraço, a supinação média aumentou em 23,5º e em 21,7º na pronação. A força do punho aumentou de 13,4 para 34,5 libras. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da placa volar de ângulo fixo por abordagem volar para as osteotomias do rádio distal permite uma correção satisfatória das deformidades e elimina a necessidade de remoção do material de síntese por complicações nos tendões.

OBJETIVE: Skewed consolidation of the distal radius, due to sequelae of fractures, may cause functional incapacity, thus leading such patients to present pain, loss of strength and diminished mobility. Based on the excellent results obtained from surgical treatment of unstable fractures of the distal radius through a volar approach and use of rigid fixation with a fixed-angle volar plate, we started to use the same method for osteotomy of the distal radius. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted, and 20 patients treated between February 2002 and October 2009 were found. The mean length of follow-up was 43.9 months (range: 12 to 96 months). The surgical indications were persistent pain, deformity and functional limitation subsequent to a dorsally displaced fracture. RESULTS: The mean preoperative deformity was 27º of dorsal tilt of the distal radius, 87º of ulnar tilt, and 7.3 mm of shortening of the radius. All the osteotomies consolidated and the final mean volar tilt was 6.2º, with ulnar tilt of 69.3º and shortening of 1 mm. The mean mobility of the wrist increased by 19.9º (flexion) and by 24º(extension). Mean forearm supination increased by 23.5º and pronation by 21.7º. Grip strength increased from 13.4 to 34.5 pounds. CONCLUSION: Use of a fixed-angle volar plate for a volar approach towards osteotomy of the distal radius enables satisfactory correction of the deformities and eliminates the need for removal of the synthesis material caused by tendon complications.

OSTEOTOMY OF THE DISTAL RADIUS USING A FIXED-ANGLE VOLAR PLATE.

OBJECTIVE: Skewed consolidation of the distal radius, due to sequelae of fractures, may cause functional incapacity, thus leading such patients to present pain, loss of strength and diminished mobility. Based on the excellent results obtained from surgical treatment of unstable fractures of the distal radius through a volar approach and use of rigid fixation with a fixed-angle volar plate, we started to use the same method for osteotomy of the distal radius. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted, and 20 patients treated between February 2002 and October 2009 were found. The mean length of follow-up was 43.9 months (range: 12 to 96 months). The surgical indications were persistent pain, deformity and functional limitation subsequent to a dorsally displaced fracture. RESULTS: The mean preoperative deformity was 27° of dorsal tilt of the distal radius, 87° of ulnar tilt, and 7.3 mm of shortening of the radius. All the osteotomies consolidated and the final mean volar tilt was 6.2°, with ulnar tilt of 69.3° and shortening of 1 mm. The mean mobility of the wrist increased by 19.9° (flexion) and by 24° (extension). Mean forearm supination increased by 23.5° and pronation by 21.7°. Grip strength increased from 13.4 to 34.5 pounds. CONCLUSION: Use of a fixed-angle volar plate for a volar approach towards osteotomy of the distal radius enables satisfactory correction of the deformities and eliminates the need for removal of the synthesis material caused by tendon complications.

Corrective osteotomy after damage of the distal radial physis in children: surgical technique and results.

Distal radial physis closure in children can develop severe wrist deformity (radial shortening). These patients can be treated using a single-step surgery. It was carried out in the form of a corrective osteotomy adopting the volar approach, with fixed-angle volar plate fixation and bone grafting from the iliac crest. There have been few descriptions of the use of this technique in the management of deformities related to early epiphysiodesis in distal radius. The use of fixation systems for the radius, using fixed-angle locking plates, allows radius lengthening adjusted to demand after osteotomy, using the combination of the plate and distal locking pins as spacer-with custom-sized tricortical iliac crest grafting within the defect. The freeing of soft parts such as the dorsal periosteum and brachioradialis muscle tendon allows adequate bone lengthening in a single-surgical step.

Pectoralis major to scapula transfer for patients with serratus anterior palsy.

Serratus anterior palsy can be a very disabling condition. However, not much has been written about many other upper limb palsies and the surgical approaches for them. In contrast, not much has been published about this particular muscle palsy. Most investigators engaged in the treatment of peripheral nerve palsies are focused on the restoration of elbow flexion/extension and shoulder abduction/external rotation. Nevertheless, scapulothoracic stability is of utmost importance for shoulder function inasmuch as it offers a stable base for arm motion--mostly forward flexion. As a result, serratus anterior palsy leads to loss of strength, range of motion, and pain due to fatigue of synergistic muscles--an issue disabling enough to warrant surgical intervention. Many investigators have suggested a variety of techniques including muscle transfers, fascial slings, or scapulothoracic fusion. The last option leads to obvious limitations in the final range of motion and should be avoided in young high-demand patients. Fascial slings have a tendency to attenuate over time.