RESUMEN
Radiation therapy (RT) is an effective therapeutic option for small localized cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) among patients who are not eligible for or refuse surgery. RT also has a defined role as an adjuvant treatment in cases of adverse features that predispose to tumor recurrence after local excision. Since the development of cSCC is often a late consequence of chronic sun exposure, its occurrence is more common among elderly patients whose comorbidities may contraindicate surgical procedures. These could be impeded not only by frail medical conditions but also by technical issues. Indeed, an aggressive locoregional behavior of cSCC may culminate in unresectability due to widespread invasion of neighboring tissues. Moreover, cSCC could develop distant metastases. Both locally advanced and metastatic cSCCs carry a poor prognosis. In these scenarios, recent discoveries of tumor molecular targets are promoting the use of promising systemic therapies, especially immunotherapy, over RT. However, the results from using immunotherapy and, even more so, of chemotherapy are still not optimal. By contrast, advances in radiation delivery equipment can safely treat even large and complex-shaped cSCC targets in challenging body sites. In addition, RT could also have a role in metastatic cSCC settings by enhancing the effectiveness of concomitant immunotherapy. The aim of this review is to summarize and comment on the body of literature about the use of radiotherapy for operable and inoperable locally advanced cSCCs and for metastatic ones in an attempt to define its current and future role.
RESUMEN
Clear cell carcinoma is a clinically and biologically distinct type of carcinoma predominantly encountered in the ovary and endometrium. In the ovary, it is frequently associated with endometriosis, which is a well-known risk factor. Endometriosis has often been described in the abdominal wall of women who had a cesarean section; however, malignant transformation is a very rare event, occurring in <1% of cases. The authors report a case involving a 52-year-old woman with an abdominal wall nodule at a cesarean section scar. Radiology revealed a mass, measuring 8 cm in size, in the abdominal wall suggestive of a soft tissue tumor. After resection, histology revealed the presence of clear, eosinophilic, and hobnail cells, which, together with immunohistochemical and molecular findings, enabled the diagnosis of clear cell carcinoma of the abdominal wall. The present report describes the clinical, radiological, pathological, and molecular features of an unusual abdominal lesion that represents a rare but challenging diagnosis.
