Detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in unconventional pets.

Leptospirosis is a disease caused by Leptospira spp. responsible for considerable impacts on the public and animal health. In the past two decades, non-domesticated species of pets (unconventional pets) have become popular. However, the role of these unconventional pets on maintaining diseases still unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to survey the presence of Leptospira spp. DNA in unconventional pets. Samples of kidney tissues from 29 animals belonging to the Mammalia class (including Orders Carnivora, Lagomorpha and Rodentia) were analyzed for the presence of the gene lipL32. As a result, DNA of pathogenic Leptospira spp. from specie L. interrogans was detected in four (13,80%) of the analyzed samples: three from Oryctolagus cuniculus and one from Mesocricetus auratus. This study highlights the importance of epidemiological surveillance of leptospirosis, as it identified in species of unconventional pets, that may possibly act as reservoirs of Leptospira spp.

Anti-Leishmania spp. antibody detection in domestic cats from a visceral leishmaniasis transmission area.

Feline leishmanial infection is reported worldwide, but the epidemiological role of domestic cats in the leishmaniasis cycle remains unclear, and cats might act as cryptic reservoir hosts in endemic areas with no feline leishmaniosis cases. Considering that, a serological screening for anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies was performed by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) in 389 necropsied cats' serum samples from a new visceral leishmaniasis transmission area with no feline leishmanial infection reported to unveil if the cats are being exposed to the parasite. The overall seroprevalence for Leishmania spp. was 11.05% (43/389). No association was found between sex, neutering status, age group, breed, coat length, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection, and Leishmania spp. antibody detection. A positive association was found with coat color (cats within the orange spectrum with white [particolor]) (OR = 2.47, CI 95% 1 - 6.13, P = 0.044) and a negative association (OR = 0.38, CI 95% 0.18 - 0.79, P = 0.01) between feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection and IFAT positivity for Leishmania spp. Therefore, it is concluded that the seroprevalence found was greater than 10%, indicating contact of the protozoan with cats in the region served.

First report of parasitism by Eutrichophilus cercolabes (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) on Coendou spinosus (Erethizontidae) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil - case report.

Coendou spinosus is a species of rodent popularly known as porcupine, it has a great ability to adapt to different habitats and is found in tropical forests in countries such as Bolivia, Brazil, Venezuela and Guianas. This mammal has already been identified as a reservoir of several pathogenic agents for humans and other animals and has a variety of ectoparasites, endoparasites and hemoparasites little studied and described. Due to this, the objective was to report the parasitism by Eutrichophilus cercolabes in C. spinosus in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. In total, 16 lice were found, one male and 15 females of the species. This is the first report of the parasitism of this Phthiraptera on C. spinosus in Rio Grande do Sul. The scarcity of reports on the taxonomy and biotic characteristics, as well as the vector capacity of pathogens of most species of ectoparasites of wild animals, highlights the need for further studies on the distribution of these arthropods in different regions and host species.

Coendou spinosus é uma espécie de roedor conhecida popularmente por porco-espinho, possui uma grande capacidade de adaptação a diferentes habitats sendo encontrada em florestas tropicais de países como Bolívia, Brasil, Venezuela e Guianas. Esse mamífero já foi identificado como reservatório de vários agentes patogênicos para o homem e outros animais e possui uma variedade de ectoparasitos, endoparasitos e hemoparasitos pouco estudados e descritos. Devido a isso, objetivou-se relatar o parasitismo por Eutrichophilus cercolabes em C. spinosus na região central do Rio Grande do Sul, Sul do Brasil. Ao total, foram encontrados 16 piolhos, sendo um macho e 15 fêmeas da espécie. Esse é o primeiro relato do parasitismo deste Phthiraptera em C. spinosus no Rio Grande do Sul. A escassez de relatos sobre a taxonomia e características bióticas, bem como a capacidade vetorial de patógenos da maioria das espécies de ectoparasitos de animais silvestres evidencia a necessidade da realização de mais estudos sobre a distribuição desses artrópodes em diferentes regiões e espécies hospedeiras.

Prevalence and anatomopathological characterization of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas with regional and distant metastases in dogs and cats: 20 cases (1985-2020).

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of regional and distant metastases from cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in dogs (n = 11) and cats (n = 9) in a retrospective case series over 36 years (1985-2020), as well as to characterize its macroscopic aspects (location and size), degree of differentiation (well, moderately and poorly differentiated [WD, MD and PD, respectively]) and the rate of cell proliferation, by counting the AgNORs. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to identify patterns of tumour migration and invasion (islands, ribbons, cords, small aggregates, individual cells [fusiform and amoeboid]) and to evaluate the intensity of desmoplasia and the amount of myofibroblasts. The prevalence of metastatic SCCs was 4.39% (21/478), being 3.8% in dog (12/309) and 5.3% in cat (9/169). Metastases affected lymph nodes in all dogs and 66% (6/9) of cats, and less frequently distant organs. Primary tumours predominantly affected the abdominal skin in dogs and the nasal planum in cats. Among the 20 cases, 52% were MDs, 34% were WDs, and 14% were PDs. Histological lesions suggestive of exposure to chronic solar radiation were present in 57% (8/14). The main patterns of tumour migration and invasion were islands for WD SCCs and individual cells for PD SCCs. MD SCCs had a mix of patterns. In cats, individual spindle cells were restricted to PDs. A marked desmoplastic reaction was more associated with PD SCCs and often with MDs. This study highlights that the prevalence of SCC metastases in dogs and cats is predominantly regional. The IHC was essential in the identification of individual fusiform keratinocytes, whose presence in surgical margins may represent a greater risk of recurrence. Although the presence of myofibroblasts was observed in all infiltrative and metastatic tumours, further studies evaluating these cells may be important to better understand their role in the tumour microenvironment of cutaneous SCCs with metastasis in dogs and cats.

Hemorrhagic prostatic cyst in a dog - case report.

We present the case of a five-year-old intact mixed breed male dog with hemorrhagic prostatic cysts. The patient presented with hematuria, dysesthesia, and pain on abdominal palpation. Abdominal ultrasound, hematology, urinalysis, and biochemical evaluation tests were subsequently conducted. Laboratory tests revealed cloudy urine with bacteria, and countless red blood cells. On ultrasound examination, the prostate was severely enlarged, with heterogeneous and reduced parenchyma, surrounding a large cavity filled with anechoic material with moderate cellularity. The urinary bladder was markedly distended and had a round, hypoechogenic structure in the lumen. The patient was hospitalized and had significant, irreversible worsening of the clinical symptoms and died. Subsequently, necropsy of the patient was performed and a histopathological diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia associated with the presence of a prostatic hemorrhagic cyst, prostatitis, and chronic cystitis with an intraluminal blood clot was made. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the occurrence of a hemorrhagic cyst in a canine prostate, thus bringing important information from clinical and imaging findings to the veterinary routine.

Apresentamos o caso de um cão macho de cinco anos de idade sem raça definida com cisto prostático hemorrágico. O paciente manifestava hematúria, disquesia e dor à palpação abdominal. Foram realizadas ultrassonografias abdominais subsequentes, hematologia, urinálise e testes de avaliação bioquímica. Os testes laboratoriais revelaram urina turva com bactérias e inúmeros glóbulos vermelhos. No exame ultrassonográfico, a próstata estava severamente aumentada, com parênquima heterogêneo e reduzido, circundando uma grande cavidade cheia de material anecoico com celularidade moderada. A bexiga urinária estava marcadamente distendida e tinha uma estrutura redonda e hipoecogênica no lúmen. O paciente foi internado e teve um agravamento significativo e irreversível dos sintomas clínicos e veio a óbito. Subsequentemente, foi realizada a necropsia do paciente e foi feito o diagnóstico histopatológico de hiperplasia prostática benigna associada à presença de um cisto hemorrágico prostático, prostatite e cistite crônica com um coágulo sanguíneo intraluminal. Tanto quanto sabemos, este é o primeiro relatório descrevendo a ocorrência de um cisto hemorrágico numa próstata canina, trazendo assim informações importantes dos resultados clínicos e de imagem para a rotina veterinária.

Dynamics of Leishmania spp. infection in dogs from an unaffected region in transition to a visceral leishmaniasis transmission area, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

In Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been expanding and urbanizing, mainly in non-endemic areas such as the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Considering that infected dogs are the main reservoirs of VL in urban areas, the present study aimed to evaluate the propagation of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) infection from an unaffected region in transition to a VL transmission area. For this, 1159 and 1087 samples of canine serum from 2015 and 2021, respectively, were analyzed, using the indirect immunofluorescence test. In addition, necropsy reports between 2007 and 2021 were evaluated. The results showed a prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies of 7.5% in the samples from 2015, while in 2021 samples, it was 23.5%, with an incidence of 0.4 cases per 100 dogs. It is noteworthy that in 2007, there was no record of CVL as the cause of death in the pathological reports, and in 2021, 41 diagnoses were made with the protozoan being a determinant of the death of the animal. These values indicate an increasing trend in the prevalence and incidence coefficients of CVL. The results of this study allowed us to verify the spread of the disease from an unaffected region to a transmission area of the agent, as well as provide subsidies for health authorities to implement improvements in the CVL control program in the municipality, to mitigate the emergence of human cases of the disease.

Intracranial epidermoid cyst in a cat / Cisto epidermoide intracraniano em um gato

ABSTRACT: Epidermoid cysts, also known as epidermal and keratin cysts, or congenital cholesteatomas are benign congenital non-neoplastic tumors, rarely observed in the brain of humans and some animal species (dogs, horses, mice, and rats). Histologically, they are composed of laminated, concentrically arranged keratin surrounded by a thin layer of stratified squamous epithelium. We describe a case of intracranial epidermoid cyst in a 6-year-old mixed-breed male cat in southern Brazil. The patient presented central vestibular syndrome. Given the poor prognosis and the fact that it belonged to a shelter with many dogs and cats, the owner requested euthanasia, and a thorough post-mortem examination was conducted immediately after death. The definitive diagnosis was based on histopathological findings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an intracranial epidermoid cyst in a cat.

RESUMO: Cisto epidermoide, também denominado cisto epidermal, cisto de queratina ou colesteatoma congênito é um tumor não neoplásico, benigno e congênito raramente encontrado no encéfalo de humanos e de algumas poucas espécies animais (cães, equinos, camundongos e ratos). Histologicamente, esse tumor é composto por queratina laminada concentricamente arranjada e circundada por uma fina parede de epitélio escamoso estratificado. Descreve-se um caso de cisto epidermoide intracraniano em um gato, macho, sem raça definida, de seis anos de idade, no sul do Brasil. O paciente foi encaminhado para atendimento veterinário por apresentar sinais de síndrome vestibular central. Devido ao mau prognóstico e por pertencer a um abrigo com muitos cães e gatos, o proprietário optou pela eutanásia e o paciente foi encaminhado para a realização de necropsia. O diagnóstico definitivo foi baseado nos achados histopatológicos. Pelo conhecimento dos autores, este é o primeiro relato de um cisto epidermoide intracraniano em um gato.

Genomic comparison of Clostridium chauvoei isolates from classical and visceral clinical manifestation.

Clostridium chauvoei is the etiological agent of blackleg, an infectious disease affecting cattle and small ruminants worldwide. This disease can manifest as classical blackleg, a condition in which skeletal muscles are affected and visceral blackleg, which affects the heart, sublingual muscles, and the diaphragm. The pathogenesis of the visceral form of the disease is poorly understood. The objective of this study is to determine and analyze complete genomic sequences of six C. chauvoei strains, five isolates from skeletal muscle and one isolate from a visceral case of blackleg in Brazil, to provide insights into the differences in pathogenic profiles of strains causing the different forms of disease. The full genomes of the six C. chauvoei strains were sequenced and comparative analyses were performed among these genomes and the C. chauvoei reference strain JF4335. The results of this study revealed that the genomes of the C. chauvoei strains analyzed are highly conserved; no particular differences were noted that could be associated with the two different clinical manifestations of the disease.

Renal intravascular lymphoma in a dog / Linfoma intravascular renal em um cão

ABSTRACT: A 10-year-old male large mixed breed dog was presented with skin ulcers and fracture on the right hind limb caused by vehicle collision. Given required limb amputation, and as being a shelter senior dog, euthanasia was requested by the owner and a complete post-mortem examination was conducted immediately after death. Gross changes were consistent with marked bilateral nephromegaly. Histopathological examination of the kidneys revealed round cells filling blood vessels. Immunohistochemically, the round cells were positive for CD3 antibody. Based on these findings, in absence of involvement of the bone marrow and peripheral blood, and inexistence of primary extravascular masses, the tumor was classified as T-cell intravascular lymphoma. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report describing intravascular lymphoma involving the kidneys alone in a dog.

RESUMO: Um canino, macho, de 10 anos, sem raça definida (SRD), e grande porte, chegou para atendimento apresentando fratura em membro pélvico direito devido a atropelamento por veículo automotivo. Adicionalmente, foram observadas úlceras cutâneas ao nível da fratura. Devido à necessidade de amputação do membro e, por ser um cão idoso, o proprietário optou pela eutanásia, realizando-se necropsia imediatamente após a morte do paciente. Os achados macroscópicos foram consistentes com acentuada nefromegalia bilateral. A avaliação histopatológica dos rins revelou células redondas neoplásicas obliterando vasos sanguíneos. Imunohistoquimicamente, essas células foram positivas para CD3. Baseando-se nos achados histopatológicos, na ausência de envolvimento da medula óssea e do sangue periférico e, na inexistência de massas primárias extravasculares, o tumor foi classificado como linfoma intravascular de células T. Possivelmente, este é o primeiro relato de linfoma intravascular envolvendo unicamente os rins de um cão.

Ischemic myelopathy caused by fibrocartilaginous embolism in a horse / Mielopatia isquêmica associada a embolismo fibrocartilaginoso em um equino

ABSTRACT: This report described clinical, epidemiological, and pathological aspects of ischemic myelopathy caused by fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE) in a 10-year-old, mixed breed gelding. Clinically, the horse presented acute hind limbs paralysis, with a clinical course of approximately 24 hours. At necropsy, no gross lesions were observed. Cross-sections of the spinal cord revealed focally extensive areas of malacia from the T10 to L4 segments. Focally extensive areas of liquefactive necrosis involving the gray matter and adjacent white matter were observed on histologic sections. The lumen of multiple blood vessels in the periphery of the necrotic areas was occluded by fibrocartilaginous emboli that strongly stained with alcian blue. Clinical signs, gross necropsy, and histological findings observed in this case were identical to those described in the literature for ischemic myelopathy caused by FCE in the horse and other species.

RESUMO: Este relato descreve os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de um caso de mielopatia isquêmica por embolismo fibrocartilaginoso (FCE) em um equino, macho castrado, sem raça definida, com 10 anos de idade. Clinicamente, o equino apresentou paralisia aguda dos membros pélvicos com evolução de aproximadamente 24 horas. Na necropsia não foram observadas alterações. Após serem realizados vários cortes transversais na medula espinhal, observou-se área focalmente extensa de malacia entre o segmento T10 até L4. Histologicamente haviam áreas focalmente extensas de necrose de liquefação envolvendo a substância cinzenta e a substância branca adjacente. Múltiplos vasos sanguíneos da periferia das áreas de necrose estavam ocluídos por êmbolos fibrocartilaginosos, que reagiram fortemente pela técnica de azul alciano. Os sinais clínicos, as lesões macroscópicas e os achados histológicos observados neste caso, são idênticos aos descritos na literatura para FCE em equinos e nas demais espécies.

Rabies outbreak in buffaloes in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Surtos de raiva em bubalinos no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

ABSTRACT: This report aimed to describe the clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects of an outbreak of rabies in buffaloes in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Seven out of 41 buffaloes from the same farm became fatally ill; they showed the clinical signs of ataxia, ascending paresis, and paralysis of the limbs. During necropsy, marked hyperemia of the leptomeningeal vessels, and severe distention of the urinary bladder were noted. Histologically, there were indications of nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis and ganglioneuritis with intracytoplasmic and eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the neurons. The fluorescent antibody test was positive for rabies. Viral antigens were also detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in sections of the cerebellum. These results allowed for the definitive diagnosis of rabies, which is uncommonly reported in buffaloes.

RESUMO: Este relato objetiva descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de um surto de raiva em bubalinos no Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. Adoeceram e morreram sete de um total de 41 búfalos de uma mesma propriedade, com sinais clínicos de incoordenação motora, paresia ou paralisia ascendentes dos membros. Durante a necropsia, observou-se marcada hiperemia dos vasos das leptomeninges e acentuada distensão da vesícula urinária por urina. Histologicamente havia meningoencefalite e ganglioneurite não supurativas associadas a corpúsculos de inclusão intracitoplasmáticos e eosinofílicos em neurônios. O teste de imunofluorescência direta foi positivo para raiva. O antígeno viral também foi detectado em seções do cerebelo por meio da imuno-histoquímica (IHQ). A associação destes resultados permitiu o diagnóstico definitivo de raiva, uma doença pouco relatada em bubalinos.

Ancillary techniques on the evaluation of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors from Brazil / Técnicas auxiliares avaliação de mastocitomas cutâneos caninos do Brasil

ABSTRACT: The use of histologic classification by a 2-tier grading system only, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for KIT and Ki-67 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for internal tandem duplications (ITD) on exon 11 has improved the prognostication of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (CCMTs) particularly in the United States. However, these techniques are not commonly used in most Brazilian laboratories. Likewise, no studies, to date, have investigated the occurrence of ITD in CCMTs from the country. Thus, this study tested the 2-tier grading system, the immunohistochemistry for KIT and Ki-67 and the PCR for exon 11 in a group of Brazilian CCMTs with the goal of investigating the applicability of these tests in a Brazilian laboratory. Of the 39 CCMTs, 69.2% (27/39) were identified as low-grade and 30.8% (12/39) as high-grade by a 2-tier grading system. All tumors had a KIT expression pattern II, and 30.6% (11/36) had a high growth fraction (Ki-67). PCR amplification was successful in four of the 11 tumors examined. Two of these (50%) were positive for ITD. This study highlights the importance of using auxiliary techniques in the CCMT evaluation, identifies limitations and confirms the applicability of these methods on a routine diagnostic basis in Brazil. Our results will help to improve the prognostication of CCMTs in Brazilian diagnostic laboratories, encouraging the use of supplementary methods.

RESUMO: O uso de classificação histológica por um novo sistema de graduação que utiliza apenas duas categorias, imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) para KIT e Ki-67 e reação de polimerase em cadeia (PCR) para mutações (duplicações internas) no éxon 11 tem melhorado a avaliação do prognóstico de mastocitomas cutâneos caninos (MCCs), particularmente nos Estados Unidos. No entanto, essas técnicas são ainda pouco utilizadas em laboratórios brasileiros e, até então, nenhum estudo investigou a prevalência de duplicações internas (DIs) em MCCs do país. Este estudo testou o novo sistema de graduação histológica de duas categorias, a imuno-histoquímica para KIT e Ki-67 e o PCR para exon 11 em um grupo de MCCs brasileiros, com o objetivo de investigar a aplicabilidade desses métodos em um laboratório brasileiro. De 39 MCCs, 69,2% foram identificados como sendo de baixo grau e 30,8% como de alto grau. Todos tiveram um padrão II de expressão de KIT, e 30,6% (11/36) tiveram uma alta contagem para Ki-67. A amplificação foi bem-sucedida em quatro dos 11 tumores examinados. Dois destes (50%) foram positivos para DIs. Este estudo ressaltou a importância do uso de técnicas auxiliares na avaliação de MCCs, identificou limitações e confirmou a aplicabilidade desses métodos em uma rotina de diagnósticos no Brasil. Esses resultados irão auxiliar na melhor avaliação prognóstica dos MCCs em laboratórios brasileiros, encorajando o uso de métodos suplementares neste processo.

Myelopathy associated with cervical epidural spinal metastasis of follicular-compact thyroid carcinoma in two dogs / Mielopatia associada à metástase epidural cervical de carcinoma folicular-compacto de tireoide em dois cães

This case report describes the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in two dogs with myelopathy associated with metastasis of follicular-compact thyroid carcinoma. Microscopically, both primary neoplasms were characterized by polygonal cells arranged in follicles (occasionally filled with eosinophilic colloid-like material) or in sheets. The neoplastic cells had a moderately eosinophilic cytoplasm and there was moderate anisokaryosis and anisocytosis. Additionally, the neoplastic cells were positive for thyroglobulin on immunohistochemistry, confirming the follicular origin of both tumors. This is a very uncommon presentation of this pathological condition.

Este relato de caso descreve os achados clínicos, histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos em dois cães com mielopatia associada à metástase de carcinoma de tireoide. Microscopicamente, ambos os neoplasmas primários eram caracterizados por células poligonais arranjadas em folículos (ocasionalmente preenchidos por material eosinofílico semelhante a coloide) ou em folhetos. As células neoplásicas tinham moderado citoplasma eosinofílico e moderada anisocitose e anisocariose. Adicionalmente, as células neoplásicas foram positivas para tireoglobulina, confirmando a origem folicular dos tumores em ambos os cães. Essa é uma apresentação incomum dessa condição patológica.

Doença renal policística em bezerro / Polycystic kidney disease in a calf

Este relato descreve um caso de doença renal policística em um bovino, macho, mestiço, com um ano de idade. Ao exame clínicoobservou-se estado nutricional ruim, mucosas pálidas, desidratação moderada (8% a 10%), úlceras na região ventral da língua,áreas multifocais de hipotricose recobertas por crostas por todo o corpo e decúbito esterno-lateral permanente. Na avaliação dohemograma observou-se principalmente anemia arregenerativa e leucocitose devido à neutrofilia com desvio à [confirmar] esquerda.Na necropsia, os rins estavam aumentados de volume, pálidos e com a superfície natural finamente irregular. Histologicamente, haviasubstituição quase completa da cortical renal por múltiplos e pequenos cistos, distensão dos espaços de Bowman, regeneraçãotubular, fibrose, edema e leve infiltrado inflamatório linfoplasmocítico intersticial.

This report describes a case of polycystic kidney disease in a male, mixed breed bovine aged one year. On clinical examinationrevealed a poor nutritional status, pallid mucous membranes, moderated dehydration (8 to 10%), ulcers on the ventral portion ofthe tongue, multifocal areas of hypotrichosis covered with scabs throughout the entire body and permanent sternolateral decubitus.The blood exam revealed aregenerative anemia and leukocytosis (neutrophilia) with deviation to the left. The necropsy revealedenlarged, pallid kidneys with a finely irregular natural surface. The histological analysis revealed the nearly complete replacementof the renal cortex by numerous small cysts, distension of the Bowman space, tubular regeneration, fibrosis, edema and mildinterstitial lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate.

Mielose eritrêmica em um gato / Erythremic myelosis in a cat

Neste relato, é descrito um caso de mielose eritrêmica em um gato. Essa doença é considerada de aparecimento raro na clínica médica veterinária. Uma gata, raça Siamês, de um ano de idade, foi atendida com sinais clínicos de acentuada anemia, emaciação e febre. Havia marcada anemia arregenerativa, com grande número de precursores eritróides e megaloblastos atípicos, identificados pelo hemograma. O mielograma revelou população eritrocitária acima de 85 por cento, quando comparada com a mielóide. A citologia aspirativa por agulha fina dos linfonodos revelou a presença de células eritróides imaturas. Na necropsia, o baço, os linfonodos e a medula óssea estavam obliterados por células neoplásicas. O diagnóstico de mielose eritrêmica foi dado com base nos achados clínico-laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos.

The aim of this research is to describe a case of erythremic myelosis in a cat. This disease is considered rare in veterinary clinics. A one-year-old female siamese cat was brought to the veterinary hospital with clinical signs of severe anemia, emaciation and fever. The blood panel revealed marked nonregenerative anemia with elevated number of atypical erythroid progenitors and megacaryoblasts. Elevated atypical erythroid over myeloid precursors (above 85 percent) were also found in bone marrow biopsy. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes revealed immature erythoid cells. At necropsy, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow were obliterated by neoplastic cells. The diagnosis of erythremic myelosis was given by clinical, laboratorial and pathological findings.

Transplante de fração total de células mononucleares ou fração vascular estromal associada à membrana celulósica em feridas cutâneas experimentais de coelhos / Total fraction of mononuclear cell or stromal vascular fraction transplant associated with cellulosic membrane in experimental cutaneous wounds in rabbits

A pele apresenta diversas funções importantes para o organismo. A manutenção de sua integridade é fundamental, entre outras, para impedir a penetração de microrganismos e a perda de líquidos essenciais à manutenção da vida. Por estar constantemente exposta ao meio ambiente, a pele é altamente susceptível a traumas que podem acarretar soluções de continuidade. A cicatrização da pele ferida deve ser rápida e diversas alternativas são buscadas, visando à redução do tempo de reparo a fim de garantir cicatriz funcional e esteticamente aceitável. Uma opção cada vez mais viável para reparar tecidos danificados é a terapia celular com células-tronco adultas. Os objetivos deste trabalho consistiram em avaliar o transplante da fração total de células mononucleares (FTCM) da medula óssea (MO) e da fração vascular estromal (FVE) do tecido adiposo (TA), associado ao uso da membrana celulósica. Para realização deste experimento, 20 coelhos foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos com cinco animais cada. Após a indução da ferida cutânea experimental, o grupo A, não recebeu nenhum tratamento, o grupo B, recebeu apenas membrana celulósica e os grupos C e D, além de receberem a membrana, foram submetidos a transplante autólogo da FTCM, com valor total de células entre 6,92 x 106 a 4,91 x 107 e uma viabilidade de 82 a 97% ou da FVE, com valor total de células entre 9,6 x 105 e 6,5 x 106 e uma viabilidade de 66 a 87%, respectivamente. Ao final do período de avaliação, os três grupos tratados apresentaram diferença estatística significativa da área da ferida em relação ao grupo controle e o grupo que recebeu a FVE do tecido adiposo apresentou o menor tempo de cicatrização da ferida.

The skin presents various important functions to the organism. The maintenance of its integrity is fundamental, among others, to prevent penetration of microorganisms and exit of liquids essential to life maintenance. Due to its constant environment exposure, the skin is highly susceptible to trauma which can result solutions of continuity. The healing of wounded skin should be fast and many alternatives are searched for, aiming to reduce repair time and to guarantee a functional and esthetically acceptable scar. One option to repair injured tissues which is ever more viable is cellular therapy with adult stem cells. The aims of this study consisted in evaluating the transplant of total mononuclear cell fraction (TMCF) from bone marrow (BM) or stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from adipose tissue (AT), associated with the use of cellulose membrane. To carry out this experiment, 20 rabbits were randomly divided in four groups with five animals each. After induction of the experimental cutaneous wound, Group A did not receive any treatment; group B received only cellulose membrane; and groups C and D, in addition to receiving the membrane, were submitted to autologous transplant of TMCF, with total cell value between 6,92 x 106 and 4,91 x 107 and a viability of 82 to 97% or SVF, with total cell value between 9,6 x 105 and 6,5 x 106 and a viability of 66 a 87%, respectively. At the end of the evaluation period, the three treated groups presented significant statistical difference of wound area in relation to the control group, and the group which received SVF from adipose tissue presented the shortest wound healing time.

Cutaneous and gastrointestinal pythiosis in a dog in Brazil.

The oomycete Pythium insidiosum is the pathogenic cause of pythiosis, a life-threatening disease that affects several animal species. Canines are the second most affected species, and the disease is characterized by the development of cutaneous and gastrointestinal lesions. While concomitant cutaneous and gastrointestinal lesions are rarely found in the same animal, this report documents a case of concurrent cutaneous and gastrointestinal pythiosis in an 18-month-old female Labrador. This dog had an ulcerative cutaneous lesion on the right thoracic region for 12 months that was unresponsive to itraconazole and terbinafine therapy. Two months prior to death and concurrent with the cutaneous lesion, the dog became anorexic with frequent vomiting and bloody stools. At necropsy, a cutaneous lesion that extended subcutaneously into the intercostal muscles was observed. Additionally, the large intestine contained two lesions that caused luminal narrowing. Organs were collected, routinely processed and stained using hematoxylin and eosin and Gomori methenamine silver. Histological examination of the lesions in the large intestine and on the skin revealed areas of necrosis surrounded by a pyogranulomatous infiltrate. Occasionally, black, septate, branching hyphae were detected following staining with Gomori methenamine silver. The diagnosis of pythiosis was confirmed using immunohistochemical methods. This report describes the occurrence of concomitant gastrointestinal and cutaneous lesions in a dog and highlights the therapeutic difficulties encountered with this disease.

Hepatic hemosiderosis in red-spectacled Amazons (Amazona pretrei) and correlation with nutritional aspects.

Alimentary habits of free-living Psittaciformes vary significantly among different species. Amazona pretrei is under risk of extinction and has very specific free-living dietary habits, which are based on Paraná pine seeds. Hemosiderosis is a pathologic process characterized by intracellular accumulation of iron without other evident lesions. It is associated with increased prevalence of infections, neoplasms, and hepatopathies. The purpose of this study was to quantify hepatic hemosiderin deposits in captive A. pretrei and verify their association with nutritional parameters. Liver samples were processed for histopathology and stained with Prussian blue. The sections were analyzed by computerized morphometry to quantify the hepatic hemosiderin deposits. The hepatic hemosiderosis rates showed positive correlation with age and time in captivity. These results suggest that the menus and commercial rations for Psittacidae must be carefully revised.

Ceratose liquenóide em um cão / Lichenoid keratosis in a dog

A ceratose liquenóide é uma rara dermatopatia proliferativa descrita em humanos e cães. Nos cães, a doença caracteriza-se pelo aparecimento de placas hiperceratóticas bem circunscritas nas pinas e, menos freqüentemente, nas virilhas. Este artigo descreve um caso de ceratose liquenóide em um cão macho, Dobermann, de seis anos de idade, com lesões verrucosas e multifocais na face interna das orelhas e lesões alopécicas, hiperpigmentadas, levemente elevadas e descamativas nas axilas e virilhas, ambas com evolução de aproximadamente três meses. O diagnóstico foi realizado com base na associação entre os achados clínicos e histopatológicos.

Lichenoid keratosis is a rare proliferative dermatopathy reported in human beings and dogs. In dogs the disease is characterized by well circumscribed hyperkeratotic plaques distributed in the skin of pinnae and, less frequently, in the inguinal region. This report describes a case of lichenoid keratosis in a six-year-old male Dobermann dog which had multifocal verrucous lesions in the internal aspect of the pinnae and slightly scaly, overpigmented alopecic lesions in the axillae and inguinal region; both lesions had a clinical course of approximately three months. The diagnosis was based on the association of the clinical and histopathological findings.

Aspectos imunoistoquímicos da hepatite infecciosa canina / Immunohistochemical aspects of canine infectious hepatitis

Tecidos de 27 cães que morreram de hepatite infecciosa canina (HIC) foram avaliados por imunoistoquímica (IHQ) para detecção de antígeno de adenovírus canino tipo 1 (CAV-1), por meio de um anticorpo monoclonal. Os tecidos examinados incluíram fígado, rim, baço, linfonodos, tonsilas, pulmão, intestino delgado, encéfalo e medula óssea. Para cada órgão foram atribuídos graus crescentes (de leve a acentuada) de intensidade de imunomarcação. O antígeno de CAV-1 estava presente na maioria dos órgãos examinados, principalmente em células endoteliais. Relacionando o tempo de evolução clínica da HIC com a intensidade da imunomarcação, o maior número de casos com evolução clínica hiperaguda ou aguda coincidiu com a maior intensidade de marcação do antígeno viral. A IHQ demonstrou ser um teste adequado para a detecção do antígeno de CAV-1 e pode ser usado para o estudo da patogênese da doença.

Tissues from 27 dogs died from infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) were evaluated by immunohistochemestry (IHC) for detection of canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) antigen using a monoclonal antibody. Evaluated tissues included liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, lungs, small intestine, brain, and spinal cord. For each organ increasing degrees (from mild to marked) of intensity of immune staining were ascribed. CAV-1 was detected in most of the evaluated organs, mainly in the endothelial cells. Considering the clinical course of ICH and the intensity of IHC staining, cases with acute and peracute courses had more marked staining. IHC proved to be a reliable test for CAV-1 antigen detection and can be used for pathogenesis studies on ICH either in the spontaneous and experimental disease.