RESUMEN
The authors report on a boy with dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A protocol of standardized tests assessed the neuroadaptive profile, allowing deep neuropsychiatric phenotyping. In addition to the diagnosis of dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, such methodology led to endeavor cognitive, adaptive, and academic skills. Chromosomal microarray analysis detected a 452.4 Kb de novo heterozygous microdeletion in chromosomal region 1p34.3, including seven OMIM genes. The authors took a thorough evaluation of the association to the phenotype of the deleted genes. Further reports could strengthen such association.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad , Dislexia , Humanos , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/diagnóstico , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/genética , Dislexia/diagnóstico , Dislexia/genética , Heterocigoto , FenotipoRESUMEN
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is caused by mutations of the NF1 gene and is one of the most common human autosomal dominant disorders. The patient shows different signs on the skin and other organs from early childhood. The best known are six or more café au lait spots, axillary or inguinal freckling, increased risk of developing benign nerve sheath tumours and plexiform neurofibromas. Mutation detection is complex, due to the large gene size, the large variety of mutations and the presence of pseudogenes. Using Ion Torrent PGM™ Platform, 73 mutations were identified in 79 NF1 Italian patients, 51% of which turned out to be novel mutations. Pathogenic status of each variant was classified using "American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics" guidelines criteria, thus enabling the classification of 96% of the variants identified as being pathogenic. The use of Next Generation Sequencing has proven to be effective as for costs, and time for analysis, and it allowed us to identify a patient with NF1 mosaicism. Furthermore, we designed a new approach aimed to quantify the mosaicism percentage using electropherogram of capillary electrophoresis performed on Sanger method.
Asunto(s)
Manchas Café con Leche/genética , Neurofibromatosis 1/genética , Neurofibromina 1/genética , Anomalías Cutáneas/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Manchas Café con Leche/patología , Niño , Preescolar , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Italia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mosaicismo , Mutación , Neurofibromatosis 1/patología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Anomalías Cutáneas/patologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The 22q13.3 deletion syndrome, also known as Phelan-McDermid syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hypotonia, severely impaired development of speech and language, autistic-like behaviour, and minor dysmorphic features. Neurologic problems may include seizures of different types, such as febrile, generalized tonic-clonic, focal, and absence seizures. No peculiar EEG features have been associated with 22q13 deletion syndrome to date. In order to verify if a peculiar clinical and EEG pattern is present in 22q13.3 deletion syndrome, we studied six Italian patients with this chromosome abnormality. METHOD: Array CGH analysis was carried out in the six subjects (1 male, 5 females, age range 11-30 years, median 19.5). They underwent a complete general and neurologic examinations. The EEG study consisted of at least one awake and one nap-sleep video-EEG recordings and evaluation of other EEGs performed elsewhere. RESULTS: Three subjects suffered from myoclonic or generalized tonic-clonic seizures with a rather benign course; all showed multifocal paroxysmal abnormalities on EEG recording, predominant over the frontal-temporal regions, activated during sleep. CONCLUSION: 22q13.3 deletion syndrome seems to be associated, at least in a subgroup of patients, with a peculiar clinical and EEG pattern, characterized by a childhood epilepsy with a rather benign evolution and with multifocal paroxysmal EEG abnormalities activated by sleep.