Comparative study of oral microbiota in the experimental long-term opioid exposure, after its withdrawal and the use of complex drug correction.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To study changes of dental biofilm microbiota composition during experimental opioid exposure, after its withdrawal and when using of complex drug correction.. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Microbiological studies (48 rats) included microscopic and bacteriological methods, as well as determination of antibiotic susceptibility of microbial isolates. Ceftriaxone and pentoxifylline were used to correction the changes. RESULTS: Results: The action of opioid for 10 weeks caused considerable changes in the microbiocenosis, which was illustrated by a significant increasing of the opportunistic pathogens quantitative indicators and the emergence of pathogenic microbiota. Changes in the microbiocenosis at 6 weeks of opioid exposure and after its withdrawal for 4 weeks were expressed in the appearance of pathogenic microbiota and the absence of significant differences in quantitative indicators of saprophytic and opportunistic microflora compared to similar indicators in animals with 10 weeks opioid exposure. This indicated a slow progression of dysbiotic changes and the inflammatory process in the oral cavity of rats. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: After 10 weeks of experiment with opioid administration for 6 weeks and the use of ceftriaxone and pentoxifylline on the background of 4-week opioid withdrawal, a significant reduction of quantitative indicators of opportunistic bacteria and elimination of pathogenic species of microorganisms was determined. The use of complex drug correction on the background of 10 weeks of opioid exposure led to a significant reduction in the quantitative indicators of opportunistic pathogens and contributed to the elimination of most pathogenic species of microbiota under the action of ceftriaxone.

DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN THE MICROBIAL PICTURE OF THE ORAL CAVITY ON THE BACKGROUND OF CHRONIC OPIOID EXPOSURE IN THE EXPERIMENT.

OBJECTIVE: The aim is to investigate changes in the microbiota of dental biofilm at the end of the eighth, tenth and twelfth weeks of experimental opioid exposure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study was performed on 36 white outbred adult male rats, which were injected with the opioid analgesic nalbuphine in increasing doses (0,212 - 0,3 mg / kg) during 8, 10 and 12 weeks. Qualitative and quantitative composition of microbiota of dental biofilm was studied using statistical analysis. RESULTS: Results: After eight weeks of opioid exposure, changes in microbiocenosis of dental biofilm of rats were caused by a significant increase in saprophytic and opportunistic microbiota and an appearance of pathogenic species of indicator microbiota with potential periodontopathogenic action. At the end of the tenth week, a significant increase in the quantitative indicators of certain species of opportunistic microbiota and increase in the quantitative composition of pathogenic bacteria were determined. After twelve week of opioid exposure, a significant increase in the quantitative indicators of pathogenic microbiota of dental biofilm was detected. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiocenosis of the dental biofilm at the end of 8, 10 and 12 weeks of opioid exposure were established, they were manifested by a significant increase in the quantitative indicators of certain species of opportunistic microorganisms and a significant increase in pathogenic microbiota in the dynamics, which led to the progression of dysbiotic changes and purulent-inflammatory process in the oral cavity of rats.

INTERDEPENDENCE OF THE MICROBIOCENOSE COMPOSITION OF BIOPELLICLE AND THE SEVERITY DEGREE OF CHANGES IN THE MUCOSA OF THE GUMS AFTER TEN WEEKS OF EXPERIMENTAL OPIOID EXPOSURE.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To study the relationship between the degree severity of changes in the tunica mucosa of the rats gums and the composition of the microbiota of tooth surface in the gingival margin under the ten-week action of the opioid. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study was performed on 34 male rats, weighing 160 - 255 g, aged 4.5 - 7 months. Animals were administered nalbuphine for 10 weeks, gradually increasing the dose (0.212 - 0.283 mg/kg). The research of the bacterial from the microbiotope of tooth surface in the gingival margin of rats was performed using statistical analysis of quantitative results. RESULTS: Results: The 4 stages of development of the pathological process and changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiocenosis in the gingival margin of the oral mucosa are determined. Depending on the severity of pathological changes in the mucous membrane of the gums of rats under the long-term action of the opioid, a significant increase in the quantitative indicators of bacterial species of pathogenic and opportunistic microbiota at degree IV of the process compared with degree I. The appearance of potential pathogens of purulent-inflammatory processes - Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was noted. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The relationship between the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the microbiocenosis of tooth surface in the gingival margin and the severity of changes in the mucous membrane of the of rats gums under the ten-week action of the opioid was determined, indicating bacterial associations of dental biopellicle as an etiological factor.