[Biomarkers of the development and progression of diabetic polyneuropathy]. / Biomarkery razvitiya i progressirovaniya diabeticheskoi polineiropatii.

OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnostic potential of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) and their high affinity receptors (TrkB, VEGFR2) in the development and progression of diabetic polyneuropathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The main group consisted of 65 patients with diabetes mellitus and confirmed DPN. The comparison group included 14 people with diabetes mellitus without DPN. The control group consisted of 15 healthy individuals. Clinical characteristics of DPN were evaluated with VAS, PainDetect, TSS, NSS, NDS scores. The degree of polyneuropathy was verified by electroneuromyography. Serum levels of the growth factors and their receptors were studied using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Elevated expression of serum BDNF, VEGFA and TrkB was found in patients with DPN, regardless of the presence of symptoms. The severe stage of DPN is characterized by painless form of polyneuropathy, the deficiency of serum BDNF, VEGFA and VEGFR2 and the high serum level of TrkB. The high expression of BDNF affects the intensity of neuropathic pain, the severity of the clinical signs of DPN and is associated with the severity of axonal damage to sensory nerve fibers. The increase in the TrkB level is associated with the painless form of neuropathy and the degree of nerve fiber demyelination. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced serum expression of BDNF and VEGFA is proposed as a biomarker for the development of DPN, while different concentrations of TrkB and VEGFR2 receptors can be considered as predictors of DPN severity.

[Effect of antioxidant therapy on neurotrophins and processes of rehabilitation after stroke]. / Vliyanie antioksidantnoi terapii na neirotrofiny i protsessy reabilitatsii posle insul'ta.

The aim of the research was to study the effect of the inclusion in the scheme cytoflavin patient care during the recovery period of ischemic stroke in the neuropsychological changes in the status and content of neurotrophins in serum. For this purpose we surveyed 52 patients who underwent a first ischemic stroke (29 women and 23 men) aged 52-74 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups: primary (25 patients) received in addition to basic therapy cytoflavin: intravenously at 20 ml per 400 ml of 5% glucose solution, 1 time a day for 10 days, then into 2 tablets 2 times a day for half an hour before food for a month, and the comparison group (27 patients) who received standard treatment. The control group consisted of 12 healthy people. In addition to standard clinical and laboratory tests were carried out a comprehensive neuropsychological study and evaluation of the data on the scale NIHSS, Bartell, Beck, Spielberger-Hanin, test «frontal dysfunction of the battery¼ and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Furthermore, determination carried neurotrophic factors: nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor brain (BDNF). The study was conducted in the dynamics: before treatment and 2 months after treatment. Patients in the recovery period of the first ischemic stroke revealed moderate manifestations of neuropsychological disorders status and reduction of neurotrophic factors. Inclusion in cytoflavin scheme increased the efficiency of the treatment, which was manifested in a more pronounced when compared with the results of basic therapy, positive dynamics of neurological symptoms and improved cognitive function, accompanied by an increase in BDNF levels. The data on the efficacy and safety allow us to recommend its inclusion in the scheme of treatment of patients in the recovery period after the first carotid ischemic stroke.

Correlation between circulating corticosterone and protein carbonylation in the liver after short-term hypokinesia.

We studied the correlation of the concentration of circulating corticosterone and parameters of dexamethasone suppression test with the level of protein carbonylation in the liver after short-term hypokinesia. Increasing hypokinesia duration was followed by worsening of disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system via a negative feedback mechanism and enhanced protein carbonylation in the liver.

Effects of preliminary hypokinetic stress on sensitivity of the bone marrow to the hypoplastic effect of exogenous glucocorticoid.

We studied the cell composition and free radical oxidation in the bone marrow of white outbred rats after hypokinetic stress (24 and 72 h) and the effects of exogenous glucocorticoid triamcinolone acetonide (2 mg/kg; injected 24 h after hypokinesia); the measurements were performed in 96 h after drug administration. The hypoplastic effect of the glucocorticoid after 24-h hypokinesia was observed against the background of reduced free radical oxidation. In animals subjected to 3-day hypokinesia, the resistance of the bone marrow to the hypoplastic effect of this drug was accompanied by activation of free radical processes.

[Immunosupressive effect of hypokinetic stress and sensitization of thymus to glucocorticoids].

24-hour hypokinetic stress expressed in decrease of sensitivity of cellular and humoral immu nity to subsequent immunization with sheep erythrocytes was studied. The development of this phenomenon is associated with sensitization of lymphoid tissue to hypoplasia effect of glycocorticoid hormones. In introduction of glycocorticoid stress, the animals revealed a more pronounced depression of proliferative activity of thymocytes compared with non stressed animals.

Sensitization of the thymus to hypoplastic effect of glucocorticoids after long-term hypokinetic stress.

Long-term hypokinesia increases sensitivity of the thymus to the hypoplastic effect of glucocorticoid preparation triamcinolone acetonide by potentiating the proapoptotic effect of the glucocorticoid.

[The characteristics of the blood lipid composition in northern Selkups and in the immigrant population of northern Siberia and the problems of miscegenation]. / Osobennosti lipidnogo sostava krovi severnykh sel'kupov, prishlogo naseleniia Severa Sibiri i problemy metisatsii.

Blood lipid composition was studied in 507 Selkups, native population of Tyumen Province (199 males and 308 females), 245 Slavs living in the north for more than 5 years (97 males and 148 females), 189 first generation métis born in mixed marriages (68 males and 121 females). Three age groups were analyzed: 10-19 (group 1), 20-39 (group 2), 40-59 (group 3). Male métis from groups 1, 2 and 3 had the highest levels of HDLP cholesterol, the lowest of apoB and atherogenic index. Group 2 métis were in the intermediate position between Slavs and Selkups by concentrations of total and LDLP cholesterol and triglycerides. Group 3 métis males had the lowest levels of triglycerides and intermediate levels of total and LDLP cholesterol. Group 1 and 2 métis females had the highest levels of LDLP, the lowest of apoB and low atherogenic index. In group 3, levels of total cholesterol, LDLP cholesterol, apoB and atherogenic index were as high as in non-aboriginal Slavonic population.

[The composition of the blood in pups of the Baikal seal Phoca sibirica during forced diving]. / Sostav krovi shchenko baikal'skoi nerpy Phoca sibirica pri prinuditel'nom nyrianii.

A set of parameters, such as pO2, pCO2, the content of glucose, glycogen, lactate, pyruvate, cholesterol, insulin, triglycerides, cAMP in the blood from the venous sinus has been investigated in puppies of Baikal seals during forced diving and rehabilitation. The dynamics of these parameters is presented.

[The characteristics of the blood serum lipid composition in northern Selkups]. / Osobennosti lipidnogo sostava syvorotki krovi u severnykh sel'kupov.

A representative sample of native Selkup population (161 males and 237 females) aged 20-69 from the Tyumen region of the Russian Federation was examined for blood lipids using standard techniques. Measurement of mean cholesterol in males and females showed it to be 181.2 +/- 9.4 mg/dl and 188.2 +/- 8.5 mg/dl, respectively, that of low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins made up 112.0 +/- 9.7 mg/dl and 50.3 +/- 3.9 mg/dl for males and 118.4 +/- 9.0 mg/dl, 51.7 +/- 3.4 mg/dl, for females, respectively. Mean triglycerides concentration amounted to 86.1 +/- 7.0 in males against 87.4 +/- 6.7 mg/dl in females. Overall atherogenic index averaged 2.9 +/- 0.3. The findings evidence that northern Selkups (both males and females) have much lower content of blood cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol than control populations from Novosibirsk and Moscow.

[Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the apolipoprotein A-I gene among inhabitants of Novosibirsk]. / Polimorfizm dlin restriktsionnykh fragmentov gena apolipoproteina A-I sredi zhitelei g. Novosibirska.

Restriction fragments' length polymorphism in the region of apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) gene was investigated in Novosibirsk (Siberia, USSR) population. Correlation between PstI apo A-I alleles (2,2 kb-P1; 3,3 kb-P2) and total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density polyproteins cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I level was analysed. A tendency to increase in cholesterol index of atherogenicity and to decrease in high density lipoproteins cholesterol as well as apolipoprotein A-I level was shown to occur for P1P2 genotype patients.

[Lipid composition of blood sera of elderly and long-lived healthy and sick individuals]. / Lipidnyi sostav syvorotki krovi u zdorovykh i bol'nykh starcheskogo vozrasta.

Serum cholesterol (SC), HDL SC and triglycerides were measured in 303 senile patients aged 75-89 and 77 long-livers aged over 90. The concentrations obtained were low in healthy long-livers compared to senile subjects. SC, triglycerides and atherogenic index reached the highest values in senile subjects and long-livers with coronary heart disease and abnormal cerebral circulation. Lower levels of HDL SC appeared in the same diseases in senile males and female long-livers against healthy subjects of the relevant age group.

[Mortality, morbidity, lethality and the cardiovascular risk profile in the population of Novosibirsk]. / Smertnost', zabolevaemost', letal'nost' i serdechno-sosudistyi profil' riska v populiatsii Novosibirska.

The authors analyze the results of investigations in accordance with the WHO program "MONICA" in one of the districts of Novosibirsk. The bases of the objective information system pertaining to the tendencies in mortality, morbidity and lethality due to cardiovascular diseases, the prevalence of risk factors in the population, the possibilities of their monitoring have been established.

[An epidemiological study of ischemic heart disease, vascular brain diseases and their risk factors in an open population of 25- to 64-year olds in Novosibirsk]. / Epidemiologicheskoe izuchenie ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa, sosudistykh zabolevanii golovnogo mozga, ikh faktorov riska v otkrytoi populiatsii 25--64 let Novosibirska.

To study the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), combined pathology (CHD and CVD), and their risk factors such as arterial hypertension (AH), overweight (OW), hypercholesterolemia (HC), and tobacco smoking in the same population, a random representative sample of male and female populations were examined in three districts of Novosibirsk. AH and tobacco smoking were found predominant among men, whereas OW and HC among women. It turned out that almost every fourth person out of the men and almost every second woman suffered from cardiovascular diseases. In the men, the CHD/CVD ratio was 1:1, that in the women, was 1:7. In the men and women, suffering from combined pathology, AH occurred more frequently as compared to those with CHD or CVD alone. OW promoted the development of CVD and combined pathology in women to a greater degree, whereas HC favoured the development of CHD and CVD in men.

[Characteristics of the nutrition and blood lipids of the native residents of Chukot Peninsula and the Buryat ASSR]. / Osobennosti pitaniia i lipidy krovi u korennykh zhitelei Chukotki u Buriatii.

Simultaneous epidemiologic investigations of representative samplings of the male population, aged from 30 to 59 years, were carried out in Chukot Peninsula and the Buryat ASSR in 1981-1982 and 1985-1986 years. The programme of the study included standard questioning to reveal angina of effort according to the WHO Cardiologic Questionnaire, ECG recording at rest, arterial pressure measuring (twice), anthropometry, biochemical blood assay (the content of total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol). Actual nutrition was studied by the method of "daily reproduction" in 104 residents of Markovskaya tundra (85.3%), in 165 residents of Chukot Peninsula (73.4%) and in 476 residents of the Buryat ASSR (95.2% of the planned number). Differences have been revealed in the characteristics of nutrition and blood lipid content between the native residents of Chukot Peninsula and the Buryat ASSR. Certain relationship has been determined between dyslipoproteinemia incidence and differences in the nutrition of the compared population groups.

[The life style and indices of the blood lipid composition of elderly subjects]. / Obraz zhizni i pokazateli lipidnogo sostava krovi u liudei starcheskogo vozrasta.

A study was made of the content of total cholesterol (TCh), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) in 109 persons aged 75-89 years of both sexes depending on tobacco smoking (14 persons), prolonged alcohol abuse (15 persons), and on hypodynamia (30 persons). A positive correlation was obtained between the content of TCh in blood serum and hypodynamia, between the content of TG, alcohol abuse, tobacco smoking and hypodynamia. Meanwhile a negative correlation was established between the content of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and hypodynamia and tobacco smoking.

[Plasma lipid levels in men aged 30-59 years living in rural areas of the Buriat ASSR (epidemiological study)]. / Soderzhanie lipidov v plazme krovi u muzhchin 30-59 let, prozhivaiushchikh v sel'skoi mestnosti Buriatskoi ASSR (épidemiologicheskoe issledovanie).

A simultaneous epidemiologic survey was carried out in 1985-1986 to assess plasma lipids and lipoproteins in 30-to-59-year-old male rural residents of Buryatia. Comparative characteristics of plasma lipid profiles are presented for the native populations and newcomers to the land. Buryats and other natives were shown to have lower levels of atherogenic lipoproteins (LDLP CS, VLDLP CS) and lipids (CS, TG) and higher levels of antiatherogenic HDLP CS, as compared to the newcomers. Mean LDLP CS levels and the atherogenic index were significantly lower, and HDLP CS levels, significantly higher, in the Buryats, as compared to other natives. Specialized studies may throw light on the causes of these differences.

[Skin cholesterol level and its correlation with the lipid indicators of the blood serum in healthy persons and in patients with ischemic heart disease]. / Soderzhanie kholesterina v kozhe i ego korreliatsiia s lipidnymi pokazateliami syvorotki krovi u zdorovykh liudei i bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

Skin free and esterified cholesterol in the forearm and serum lipid levels were examined in 42 male coronary patients and 46 normal male subjects. Irrespective of the type of dislipoproteinemia or normolipidemia, total cholesterol and its free fraction appear to be significantly increased in coronary patients, as compared to normal subjects. There were no significant correlations between the examined skin and serum parameters, either in coronary patients, or in the controls. Possible use of skin cholesterol measurement in the diagnosis of lipid disturbances leading to atherosclerosis is discussed.

[Nutrition and levels of risk factors for ischemic heart disease in 30- to 59-year-old men of Novosibirsk and resident newcomers of Chukotka]. / Pitanie i urovni faktorov riska ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa u muzhchin 30--59 let Novosibirska i priezhikh zhitelei Chukotki.

Data on actual diets and major coronary risk factors are presented for residents of a district in Novosibirsk and nonaboriginal residents of Chukotka. Epidemiologic (quantitative assessment of dietary habits, questioning to detect angina of effort), biochemical (assays of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol) and physiologic (arterial BP, height and weight measurements) methods were used. Differences are demonstrated between the diets common for Novosibirsk and nonaboriginal Chukotka residents, which show correlation to differences in the incidence of major coronary risk factors.

[Medico-social and clinico-biochemical aspects of longevity in Siberia]. / Uber medizinisch-soziale und klinisch-biochemische Aspekte der Langlebigkeit in Sibirien.

Over 90-year old inhabitants of districts of Novosibirsk were questioned in connection with sociological studies about their living habits. The authors consider the genetically determined system of monooxygenases for the elimination of foreign bodies (xenobiotics) to be important, but they are also involved in the synthesis of biologically active substances in the organism and thus by no means of minor importance to the phenomenon of longevity.