Microbiological diagnosis of intramedullary nailing infection: comparison of bacterial growth between tissue sampling and sonication fluid cultures.

BACKGROUND: Intramedullary nailing (IMN) has been frequently indicated to treat long bone open and closed fractures, but IMN infection (IMNI) may have devastating consequences. Sonication has been regarded as an important add-on for microbial identification on a variety of orthopaedic implant-associated infections, but its role in the IMNI is poorly studied. We aim at evaluating the accuracy obtained by conventional peri-implant tissue culture (TC) samples with sonication fluid cultures (SCs) of IMNI. METHODS: Longitudinal prospective cohort study ongoing since June 2014, which included patients with indication for IMN removal due to any reason. Clinical diagnosis of INMI was defined according to publication addressing fracture-related infections. Minimal of two samples from TC were cultured. SCs followed the protocol previously published. Statistical analysis was performed using McNemar's test for related proportions. RESULTS: We included 54 patients submitted to IMN retrieval, of whom 47 presenting clinical signs of IMNI. Sensitivity for detecting microorganisms using TC and SC was 89.4% (42/47) and 97.6% (40/41), and specificity was 71.4% (5/7) for both TC and SC (p = 1.00). Positive and negative predictive values for TC and SC were 95.5% (42/44), 95.2% (40/42), 50% (5/10), and 83.3% (5/6), respectively. The most frequent organisms isolated in both TC and SC were Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Enterococcus sp. Polymicrobial infection was diagnosed in 14.8% (8/54) and 25% (12/48) by TC and SC, respectively (p = 0.19). CONCLUSION: Sonication fluid and tissue samples presented similar accuracy on the diagnosis of IMNI, but SC was advantageous of detecting polymicrobial infection.

Intramedullary reaming modality for management of postoperative long bone infection: a prospective randomized controlled trial in 44 patients.

BACKGROUND: Studies addressing the management of intramedullary infection are mainly retrospective and with a limited number of cases. Reaming can be performed using either conventional reaming or using the reamer/irrigator/aspirator (RIA) system. Until now there have been no comparative prospective studies between these two methods. We aimed to compare the efficacy of RIA with conventional reaming followed by insertion of antibiotic-loaded cement, for the treatment of intramedullary nail infection of long bones. We assessed the rate of remission between groups after two-year follow-up and identified microorganisms using tissue cultures and sonication of explanted intramedullary nail (IMN). METHODS: A noninferiority, randomized clinical trial was carried out between August 2013 and August 2015 involving 44 patients of whom a locked IMN implant of the femur and/or tibia was retrieved and who all met the clinical and radiological criteria for IMN-associated osteomyelitis. Patients were randomized into two groups: RIA alone versus conventional reaming followed by antibiotic-loaded cement insertion. Both groups also underwent six-weeks of antibiotic treatment according to the results of the antibiogram. Patients were evaluated after 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months for radiological and clinical follow-up. RESULTS: After 24 months, the rate of infection remission was similar between the two groups, 87% in the RIA group and 95.5% in the conventional reaming group (p = 0.60). Among four patients who had recurrence of infection, the time to reappearance of symptoms varied from 20 days to twenty-two months. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci were isolated in 23 (40.4%) and 13 (22.9%) patients, respectively. Interestingly, we identified 20% (9/45) of polymicrobial infection. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that the RIA system alone, is noninferior to conventional reaming followed by antibiotic cement spacer in the treatment of IMN infection. However, RIA shows greater efficacy in the collection of infected medullary bone tissue, mainly in cases of infected retrograde nail of the femur. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN82233198. Retroactively registered on July 29, 2019.

Treatment of two-part fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus using a locked metaphyseal intramedullary nail proximally with angular stability.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the functional results from patients with surgical neck fractures treated with a locked metaphyseal intramedullary nail and angular stability. METHODS: Twenty-two patients between the ages of 21 and 69 years were evaluated prospectively between January 2010 and January 2011. Their time taken for consolidation, age, sex, complications and functional results were correlated using the modified protocol of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). RESULTS: The mean time taken for consolidation was 9.26 weeks ± confidence interval (CI) of 0.40 weeks. One case (4.5%) did not become consolidated. There were no cases of infection. There was one case (4.5%) of adhesive capsulitis with good evolution through clinical treatment. Five patients (22.7%) presented occasional mild pain and one case (4.5%) reported medium-intensity pain associated with the subacromial impact of the implant. The mean score on the modified UCLA scale was 30.4 ± CI 1.6 points, obtained at the end of 12 weeks of evaluation: 18 cases (81.8%) with "excellent" and "good" scores, three cases (13.6%) with "fair" scores and one case (4.5%) with a "poor" score. CONCLUSION: In the group of patients evaluated, treatment of two-part surgical neck fractures by means of a locked metaphyseal intramedullary nail and angular stability demonstrated satisfactory functional results and a low complication rate, similar to what is seen in the literature.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os resultados funcionais de pacientes com fraturas do colo cirúrgico tratados com haste intramedular metafisária bloqueada (HIMB) e estabilidade angular. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 22 pacientes prospectivos entre 21 e 69 anos, avaliados entre janeiro de 2010 e janeiro de 2011, e correlacionados tempo de consolidação, idade, sexo, complicações e resultado funcional com o protocolo da University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) modificado. RESULTADOS: O tempo de consolidação médio foi de 9,26 ± intervalo de confiança (IC) de 0,40 semana. Um caso (4,5%) não se consolidou. Não houve infecção. Houve um caso (4,5%) de capsulite adesiva com boa evolução ao tratamento clínico. Cinco pacientes (22,7%) apresentaram leve dor eventual e um caso (4,5%) referiu dor de média intensidade associada a impacto subacromial do implante. O escore médio UCLA modificado foi 30,4 ± IC 1,6 ponto obtidos no fim de 12 meses de avaliação, 18 casos (81,8%) com escore «excelente¼ e «bom¼, três casos (13,6%) com escore «razoável¼ e um caso (4,5%) com escore «ruim¼. CONCLUSÃO: No grupo de pacientes avaliados, o tratamento das fraturas em duas partes do colo cirúrgico com HIMB e a estabilidade angular demonstraram resultados funcionais satisfatórios e baixo índice de complicações, semelhantes aos encontrados na literatura.

Treatment of two-part fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus using a locked metaphyseal intramedullary nail proximally with angular stability / Tratamento das fraturas em duas partes do colo cirúrgico do úmero com o uso de haste intramedular metafisária bloqueada proximalmente com estabilidade angular

To evaluate the functional results from patients with surgical neck fractures treated with a locked metaphyseal intramedullary nail and angular stability. METHODS: Twenty-two patients between the ages of 21 and 69 years were evaluated prospectively between January 2010 and January 2011. Their time taken for consolidation, age, sex, complications and functional results were correlated using the modified protocol of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). RESULTS: The mean time taken for consolidation was 9.26 weeks ± confidence interval (CI) of 0.40 weeks. One case (4.5%) did not become consolidated. There were no cases of infection. There was one case (4.5%) of adhesive capsulitis with good evolution through clinical treatment. Five patients (22.7%) presented occasional mild pain and one case (4.5%) reported medium-intensity pain associated with the subacromial impact of the implant. The mean score on the modified UCLA scale was 30.4 ± CI 1.6 points, obtained at the end of 12 weeks of evaluation: 18 cases (81.8%) with "excellent" and "good" scores, three cases (13.6%) with "fair" scores and one case (4.5%) with a "poor" score. CONCLUSION: In the group of patients evaluated, treatment of two-part surgical neck fractures by means of a locked metaphyseal intramedullary nail and angular stability demonstrated satisfactory functional results and a low complication rate, similar to what is seen in the literature...

Avaliar os resultados funcionais de pacientes com fraturas do colo cirúrgico tratados com haste intramedular metafisária bloqueada (HIMB) e estabilidade angular. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 22 pacientes prospectivos entre 21 e 69 anos, avaliados entre janeiro de 2010 e janeiro de 2011, e correlacionados tempo de consolidação, idade, sexo, complicações e resultado funcional com o protocolo da University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) modificado. RESULTADOS: O tempo de consolidação médio foi de 9,26 ± intervalo de confiança (IC) de 0,40 semana. Um caso (4,5%) não se consolidou. Não houve infecção. Houve um caso (4,5%) de capsulite adesiva com boa evolução ao tratamento clínico. Cinco pacientes (22,7%) apresentaram leve dor eventual e um caso (4,5%) referiu dor de média intensidade associada a impacto subacromial do implante. O escore médio UCLA modificado foi 30,4 ± IC 1,6 ponto obtidos no fim de 12 meses de avaliação, 18 casos (81,8%) com escore "excelente" e "bom", três casos (13,6%) com escore "razoável" e um caso (4,5%) com escore "ruim". CONCLUSÃO: No grupo de pacientes avaliados, o tratamento das fraturas em duas partes do colo cirúrgico com HIMB e a estabilidade angular demonstraram resultados funcionais satisfatórios e baixo índice de complicações, semelhantes aos encontrados na literatura...

Tratamento da luxação anterior recidivante do ombro pela técnica de Bristow-Latarjet / Treatment for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation by the Bristow-Latarjet technique

Os autores relatam os resultados cirurgicos de 31 pacientes com luxação anterior recidivante de ombro submetidos à técnica de Bristow-Latarjet, comparando o resultado funcional, grau de satisfação e complicações do metodo com os dados encontrados na literatura. Observaram media de 14,580 de limitação da rotação externa. Dois resultados foram considerados insatisfatorios. Os autores correlacionaram o grau de limitação p¢s-operatorio com a idade e o maior grau de satisfação com a atividade exercida pelo paciente