Asunto(s)
Causas de Muerte , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas , Micobacterias no Tuberculosas , Humanos , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/mortalidad , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/microbiología , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/epidemiología , Dinamarca/epidemiología , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Micobacterias no Tuberculosas/aislamiento & purificación , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Radiografía Torácica , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos , Tuberculosis Pulmonar , Humanos , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/microbiología , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/tratamiento farmacológico , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/microbiología , Antituberculosos/farmacología , Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efectos de los fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , FemeninoRESUMEN
In this case report, we present case reports for two nurses, both working in departments of respiratory medicine, who developed tuberculosis (TB). For each individual case, whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed only one specific match within a genomic distance of <6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The subsequent epidemiological investigations confirmed that both nurses had relevant exposures to their corresponding match 1139 and 1704 days before presenting with TB symptoms, respectively. Twenty-two studies were identified that reported using genotyping to identify occupational transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to healthcare workers. Only two studies applied WGS, both conducted in resource-rich countries, comparable to the present Danish investigation. When comparing the two WGS studies to the other studies that used older genotyping techniques, WGS provided a higher resolution and much more detailed information. Consequently, the epidemiological investigations were more straightforward. In conclusion, WGS is a powerful tool for determining whether M. tuberculosis transmission is occupational as demonstrated for the two cases in this study.
Asunto(s)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculosis , Secuenciación Completa del Genoma , Humanos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Tuberculosis/transmisión , Tuberculosis/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis/microbiología , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Adulto , Personal de Salud , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Enfermedades Profesionales/microbiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa de Paciente a Profesional , Genotipo , Exposición ProfesionalRESUMEN
This review focuses on the treatment of nontuberculous pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex and M. abscessus. It covers treatment indications, antibiotic choice, resistance and side effects. Treatment of nontuberculous pulmonary disease is complex, lengthy, and fraught with side effects. Increased attention on this disease is needed in order to alleviate the severe consequences of this growing disease. Cooperation between pulmonologists and infectious disease specialists is needed to ensure uniform treatment, and to account for the heterogeneity seen in patients and mycobacteria alike.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Pulmonares , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas , Neumonía , Humanos , Micobacterias no Tuberculosas , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Pulmonares/microbiología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) elimination requires identifying and treating persons with TB infection (TBI).AimWe estimate the prevalence of positive interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) tests (including TB) and TBI (excluding TB) in Denmark based on TBI screening data from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or inflammatory rheumatic disease (IRD).MethodsUsing nationwide Danish registries, we included all patients with IBD or IRD with an IGRA test performed between 2010 and 2018. We estimated the prevalence of TBI and positive IGRA with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in adolescents and adults aged 15-64 years after sample weighting adjusting for distortions in the sample from the background population of Denmark for sex, age group and TB incidence rates (IR) in country of birth.ResultsIn 13,574 patients with IBD or IRD, 12,892 IGRA tests (95.0%) were negative, 461 (3.4%) were positive and 221 (1.6%) were indeterminate, resulting in a weighted TBI prevalence of 3.2% (95% CI: 2.9-3.5) and weighted positive IGRA prevalence of 3.8% (95% CI: 3.5-4.2) among adults aged 15-64 years in the background population of Denmark. Unweighted TBI prevalence increased with age and birthplace in countries with a TB IR higher than 10/100,000 population.ConclusionEstimated TBI prevalence is low in Denmark. We estimate that 200,000 persons have TBI and thus are at risk of developing TB. Screening for TBI and preventive treatment, especially in persons born in high TB incidence countries or immunosuppressed, are crucial to reduce the risk of and eliminate TB.
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Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino , Tuberculosis Latente , Tuberculosis , Adulto , Adolescente , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Prueba de Tuberculina/métodos , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tuberculosis/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Tuberculosis Latente/diagnóstico , Ensayos de Liberación de Interferón gamma/métodos , Dinamarca/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections is not well described. In this study, we sought to determine the incidence and prevalence of NTM infections and focus on social risk factors. In addition, we describe people with pulmonary and extrapulmonary NTM. RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the incidence and prevalence of NTM in Denmark, and what are the characteristics of the affected patients? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a nationwide retrospective register-based cohort study in Denmark. Adult patients in the Danish national registers who received a diagnosis of NTM disease from 2000 to 2017 were classified as having either pulmonary or extrapulmonary NTM disease. RESULTS: We identified 1,146 adults with an NTM diagnosis. Of these, 661 patients had pulmonary NTM, of whom 50.4% were male, whereas 485 had extrapulmonary NTM, of whom 59.6% were male. The median age (interquartile range) was 66 (18) years and 57 (32) years, respectively. The yearly incidence rate per 100,000 increased between 2000 and 2017 for both pulmonary NTM (0.4 to 1.3) and extrapulmonary NTM (0.3 to 0.6). The annual prevalence per 100,000 inhabitants increased from 0.4 to 3.5 for pulmonary NTM and from 0.3 to 1.0 for extrapulmonary NTM. The incidence rate increased with age. The incidence of pulmonary NTM was highest among those who were aged 70 years or older (19.3 per 100,000 inhabitants). Compared with patients with pulmonary NTM, patients with extrapulmonary NTM were more likely to be employed and had a higher educational level. INTERPRETATION: This study indicates that the prevalence of NTM disease in Denmark increased between 2000 and 2017. We found that patients with pulmonary NTM and patients with extrapulmonary NTM represent two distinct groups that differ in age, sex, education, and employment status. Increased suspicion of pulmonary NTM disease is warranted in older adults after exclusion of more common lung infections.
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Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas , Sistema de Registros , Humanos , Dinamarca/epidemiología , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Incidencia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , Prevalencia , Estudios de Seguimiento , Factores de Riesgo , Micobacterias no Tuberculosas/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Lung abscess is a severe and complex respiratory infection. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent publications on lung abscess, covering topics such as epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment and prevention. RECENT FINDINGS: Risk factors associated with lung abscess include structural lung disease, poor dental hygiene, and ventilator-associated pneumonia, while concerns are now raised regarding the potential of electronic cigarettes use as a risk factor. The complexity of lung abscess is reflected by the relative high number of case reports describing rare and complex cases. Early transthoracic drainage could improve in-hospital outcomes, while next-generation sequencing could become an important tool in diagnostics and future clinical studies. SUMMARY: High-quality evidence and guidelines to support treatment of lung abscess are lacking. Despite advancements, we call for prospective studies to evaluate the use of invasive procedures and antibiotic treatment regimens.
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Sistemas Electrónicos de Liberación de Nicotina , Absceso Pulmonar , Humanos , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Absceso Pulmonar/terapia , Absceso Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
How to identify MAC-PD patients with limited treatment options: an expert consensus https://bit.ly/3QwLQ8T.
RESUMEN
Pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium abscessus is difficult to treat, as there is currently no reliable evidence-based treatment. Treatment is long, complex and has many side effects. In this case, we report a patient with treatment-refractory pulmonary M abscessus disease, treated with inhaled tigecycline. Treatment with inhaled tigecycline lasted 15 months with comparably limited side effects. There were no positive mycobacterial cultures in the follow-up period of 2 years. Inhaled tigecycline is an option in the treatment of pulmonary M. abscessus when first-line treatment fails. Additional research should investigate this further.