Induced phase transformation in ionizable colloidal nanoparticles.

Acid-base equilibria directly influence the functionality and behavior of particles in a system. Due to the ionizing effects of acid-base functional groups, particles will undergo charge exchange. The degree of ionization and their intermolecular and electrostatic interactions are controlled by varying the pH and salt concentration of the solution in a system. Although the pH can be tuned in experiments, it is hard to model this effect using simulations or theoretical approaches. This is due to the difficulty in treating charge regulation and capturing the cooperative effects in a colloidal suspension with Coulombic interaction. In this work, we analyze a suspension of ionizable colloidal particles via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, along with Monte Carlo simulations for charge regulation (MC-CR) and derive a phase diagram of the system as a function of pH. It is observed that as pH increases, particles functionalized with acid groups change their arrangement from face-centered cubic (FCC) packing to a disordered state. We attribute these transitions to an increase in the degree of charge polydispersity arising from an increase in pH. Our work shows that charge regulation leads to amorphous solids in colloids when the mean nanoparticle charge is sufficiently high.

Differential interactome mapping of aggregation prone/prion-like proteins under stress: novel links to stress granule biology.

BACKGROUND: Aberrant stress granules (SGs) are emerging as prime suspects in the nucleation of toxic protein aggregates. Understanding the molecular networks linked with aggregation-prone proteins (prion protein, synuclein, and tau) under stressful environments is crucial to understand pathophysiological cascades associated with these proteins. METHODS: We characterized and validated oxidative stress-induced molecular network changes of endogenous aggregation-prone proteins (prion protein, synuclein, and tau) by employing immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry analysis under basal and oxidative stress conditions. We used two different cell models (SH-SY5Y: human neuroblastoma and HeLa cell line) to induce oxidative stress using a well-known inducer (sodium arsenite) of oxidative stress. RESULTS: Overall, we identified 597 proteins as potential interaction partners. Our comparative interactome mapping provides comprehensive network reorganizations of three aggregation-prone hallmark proteins, establish novel interacting partners and their dysregulation, and validates that prion protein and synuclein localize in cytoplasmic SGs. Localization of prion protein and synuclein in TIA1-positive SGs provides an important link between SG pathobiology and aggregation-prone proteins. In addition, dysregulation (downregulation) of prion protein and exportin-5 protein, and translocation of exportin-5 into the nucleus under oxidative stress shed light on nucleocytoplasmic transport defects during the stress response. CONCLUSIONS: The current study contributes to our understanding of stress-mediated network rearrangements and posttranslational modifications of prion/prion-like proteins. Localization of prion protein and synuclein in the cytoplasmic SGs provides an important link between stress granule pathobiology and aggregation-prone proteins. In addition, our findings demonstrate nucleocytoplasmic transport defects after oxidative stress via dysregulation and nuclear accumulation of exportin-5.

Arrested spinodal decomposition of the screened symmetric restricted primitive model.

Amorphous solids, such as glasses and gels, arise as the asymptotic limit of non-equilibrium and irreversible relaxation aging processes. These amorphous solids form when the system is suddenly and deeply quenched in the dynamic arrest region. We use the non-equilibrium self-consistent generalized Langevin equation (NE-SCGLE) theory to investigate the formation of such structures via arrested spinodal decomposition in the screened symmetric restricted primitive model. We propose a direct correlation function that allows us to derive an expression for the functional derivative of the chemical potential, which serves as the necessary input in the NE-SCGLE theory. By analyzing the asymptotic localization length and the asymptotic characteristic length, we identify different classes of dynamic arrest states as a function of the density and the final quench temperature. The system features simultaneously attractive and repulsive interactions, resulting in different arrested regions in the non-equilibrium phase diagram for a given screened parameter: (i) ionic glasses, (ii) electrostatic gels, and (iii) attractive glasses. Finally, by collapsing the asymptotic effective structure factors at a typical fractal dimension of df = 3, we confirm the formation of gels slightly above the glass-gel transition in the arrested phase diagram.

Colloidal Clusters and Networks Formed by Oppositely Charged Nanoparticles with Varying Stiffnesses.

Colloidal clusters and gels are ubiquitous in science and technology. Particle softness has a strong effect on interparticle interactions; however, our understanding of the role of this factor in the formation of colloidal clusters and gels is only beginning to evolve. Here, we report the results of experimental and simulation studies of the impact of particle softness on the assembly of clusters and networks from mixtures of oppositely charged polymer nanoparticles (NPs). Experiments were performed below or above the polymer glass transition temperature, at which the interaction potential and adhesive forces between the NPs were significantly varied. Hard NPs assembled in fractal clusters that subsequently organized in a kinetically arrested colloidal gel, while soft NPs formed dense precipitating aggregates, due to the NP deformation and the decreased interparticle distance. Importantly, interactions of hard and soft NPs led to the formation of discrete precipitating NP aggregates at a relatively low volume fraction of soft NPs. A phenomenological model was developed for interactions of oppositely charged NPs with varying softnesses. The experimental results were in agreement with molecular dynamics simulations based on the model. This work provides insight on interparticle interactions before, during, and after the formation of hard-hard, hard-soft, and soft-soft contacts and has impact for numerous applications of reversible colloidal gels, including their use as inks for additive manufacturing.

Phase separation and dynamical arrest of protein solutions dominated by short-range attractions.

The interplay of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and dynamical arrest can lead to the formation of gels and glasses, which is relevant for such diverse fields as condensed matter physics, materials science, food engineering, and the pharmaceutical industry. In this context, protein solutions exhibit remarkable equilibrium and non-equilibrium behaviors. In the regime where attractive and repulsive forces compete, it has been demonstrated, for example, that the location of the dynamical arrest line seems to be independent of ionic strength, so that the arrest lines at different ionic screening lengths overlap, in contrast to the LLPS coexistence curves, which strongly depend on the salt concentration. In this work, we show that the same phenomenology can also be observed when the electrostatic repulsions are largely screened, and the range and strength of the attractions are varied. In particular, using lysozyme in brine as a model system, the metastable gas-liquid binodal and the dynamical arrest line as well as the second virial coefficient have been determined for various solution conditions by cloud-point measurements, optical microscopy, centrifugation experiments, and light scattering. With the aim of understanding this new experimental phenomenology, we apply the non-equilibrium self-consistent generalized Langevin equation theory to a simple model system with only excluded volume plus short-range attractions, to study the dependence of the predicted arrest lines on the range of the attractive interaction. The theoretical predictions find a good qualitative agreement with experiments when the range of the attraction is not too small compared with the size of the protein.

A novel approach to characterize phenotypic variation in GSD IV: Reconceptualizing the clinical continuum.

Purpose: Glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD IV) has historically been divided into discrete hepatic (classic hepatic, non-progressive hepatic) and neuromuscular (perinatal-congenital neuromuscular, juvenile neuromuscular) subtypes. However, the extent to which this subtype-based classification system accurately captures the landscape of phenotypic variation among GSD IV patients has not been systematically assessed. Methods: This study synthesized clinical data from all eligible cases of GSD IV in the published literature to evaluate whether this disorder is better conceptualized as discrete subtypes or a clinical continuum. A novel phenotypic scoring approach was applied to characterize the extent of hepatic, neuromuscular, and cardiac involvement in each eligible patient. Results: 146 patients met all inclusion criteria. The majority (61%) of those with sufficient data to be scored exhibited phenotypes that were not fully consistent with any of the established subtypes. These included patients who exhibited combined hepatic-neuromuscular involvement; patients whose phenotypes were intermediate between the established hepatic or neuromuscular subtypes; and patients who presented with predominantly cardiac disease. Conclusion: The application of this novel phenotypic scoring approach showed that-in contrast to the traditional subtype-based view-GSD IV may be better conceptualized as a multidimensional clinical continuum, whereby hepatic, neuromuscular, and cardiac involvement occur to varying degrees in different patients.

Chagas disease in northern Chile: Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in children, dogs and triatomine bugs.

Chagas disease is an anthropozoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitted by triatomine vectors. In Chile, there are four species of triatomine bugs that are potential vectors of T. cruzi, being Triatoma infestans the main vector in endemic areas of the country. The "Programa Nacional de Control Vectorial de la Enfermedad de Chagas de Chile" has significantly reduced the rates of home infestation to less than 1% and has interrupted vectorial transmission since 1999. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of vectorial control and the continuity of the interruption of vectorial transmission in northern Chile (provincia de El Loa, región de Antofagasta). The study comprised fingerstick blood samples of 2104 children, attending local school, venous blood samples of 65 dogs, associated to houses with T. infestans unique findings and vector infestation, and intestine samples of 284 T. infestans specimens, from the provincia de El Loa, during 2014-2016 period. The samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescence and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. A total of 5 children (0.24%), 7 dogs (10.8%), and 6 specimens of T. infestans (2.1%) resulted positive to T. cruzi infection. This study showed that the risk of transmission of Chagas disease is low in the north of Chile (provincia de El Loa), detected a low positive rate of chagasic children and of infected triatomine bugs, and showed the existence of T. cruzi transmission in dogs, which are used as natural sentinels for the detection of T. cruzi infection, being especially useful during surveillance program in human population characterized by low seroprevalence.

A violência, as mulheres e o Estado: dificuldades e estratégias / Violence, women and the State: difficulties and strategies

Este artigo é parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado que teve como objetivo caracterizar a Rede de Enfrentamento à Violência Contra às Mulheres em um município do Centro-Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O acesso às participantes ocorreu a partir da estratégia de amostragem Bola de Neve. O estudo contou com 11 participantes provindas de diferentes esferas da Rede de Enfrentamento municipal. Foram analisadas as principais dificuldades e estratégias relatadas pelas participantes no trabalho de Enfrentamento à violência contra a mulher. Como principais dificuldades, foram apontadas: a falta de investimento do Estado, a desestruturação/fragmentação da Rede e a individualização/pessoalização do trabalho prestado. Como principais estratégias: a formação de vínculos pessoais de trabalho e o desenvolvimento do trabalho voluntário para suprir as lacunas. As conclusões apontam para uma rede despolitizada, fragilizada e distante de seus ideais garantidores da cidadania.

A new paradigm for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: peripheral exosomes of brain origin.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of maladies, characterized by progressive loss of neurons. These diseases involve an intricate pattern of cross-talk between different types of cells to maintain specific signaling pathways. A component of such intercellular cross-talk is the exchange of various types of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes are a subset of EVs, which are increasingly being known for the role they play in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, e.g., synucleinopathies and tauopathies. The ability of the central nervous system exosomes to cross the blood-brain barrier into blood has generated enthusiasm in their study as potential biomarkers. However, the lack of standardized, efficient, and ultra-sensitive methods for the isolation and detection of brain-derived exosomes has hampered the development of effective biomarkers. Exosomes mirror heterogeneous biological changes that occur during the progression of these incurable illnesses, potentially offering a more comprehensive outlook of neurodegenerative disease diagnosis, progression and treatment. In this review, we aim to discuss the challenges and opportunities of peripheral biofluid-based brain-exosomes in the diagnosis and biomarker discovery of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In the later part, we discuss the traditional and emerging methods used for the isolation of exosomes and compare their advantages and disadvantages in clinical settings.

Proximal correlates of suicidal ideation among transgender and gender diverse people: A preliminary test of the three-step theory.

INTRODUCTION: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people experience higher rates of suicidal ideation than their cisgender peers; however, very little is known about factors that proximally relate to suicidal ideation in this population. This limited understanding may be due to the lack of theory-guided studies that are capable of testing proximal correlates of suicidal ideation among TGD people. METHODS: We tested the first two steps of the three-step theory (3ST) of suicide using daily survey data from a sample of 38 TGD people over 30 days. RESULTS: A total of 836 daily surveys were collected (73.3% compliance). Multilevel modeling supported the first and second step of the 3ST. Psychological pain and hopelessness interacted to predict same-day suicidal ideation, with psychological pain positively associating with ideation only at average and high levels of hopelessness. Furthermore, psychological pain that outweighed connectedness was moderately associated with suicidal ideation among those with high levels of hopelessness and psychological pain. CONCLUSION: The 3ST of suicide shows promise for explaining and guiding interventions to reduce suicidal ideation in this vulnerable population.

Effect of attractions on the hard-sphere dynamic universality class.

The fundamental understanding of the dynamic and transport properties of liquids is crucial for the better processing of most materials. The usefulness of this understanding increases when it involves general scaling rules, such as the concept of the hard-sphere dynamic universality class, which provides a unifying scaling of the dynamics of soft-sphere repulsive systems. A relevant question is how far this concept extends to systems that also involve attractive interactions. To answer this question, in this work we performed systematic molecular and Brownian dynamics simulations with the Lennard-Jones system in a wide range of temperatures and densities and verify the extent to which its static and dynamic properties map onto those of the hard-sphere system. We determine that in most of the fluid regime, the Lennard-Jones liquid exhibits the same dynamic equivalence with the hard-sphere system as most purely repulsive fluids, thus establishing the degree of its inclusion in the hard-sphere dynamic universality class.

Characterization of liver GSD IX γ2 pathophysiology in a novel Phkg2-/- mouse model.

INTRODUCTION: Liver Glycogen Storage Disease IX is a rare metabolic disorder of glycogen metabolism caused by deficiency of the phosphorylase kinase enzyme (PhK). Variants in the PHKG2 gene, encoding the liver-specific catalytic γ2 subunit of PhK, are associated with a liver GSD IX subtype known as PHKG2 GSD IX or GSD IX γ2. There is emerging evidence that patients with GSD IX γ2 can develop severe and progressive liver disease, yet research regarding the disease has been minimal to date. Here we characterize the first mouse model of liver GSD IX γ2. METHODS: A Phkg2-/- mouse model was generated via targeted removal of the Phkg2 gene. Knockout (Phkg2-/-, KO) and wild type (Phkg2+/+, WT) mice up to 3 months of age were compared for morphology, Phkg2 transcription, PhK enzyme activity, glycogen content, histology, serum liver markers, and urinary glucose tetrasaccharide Glcα1-6Glcα1-4Glcα1-4Glc (Glc4). RESULTS: When compared to WT controls, KO mice demonstrated significantly decreased liver PhK enzyme activity, increased liver: body weight ratio, and increased glycogen in the liver, with no glycogen accumulation observed in the brain, quadricep, kidney, and heart. KO mice demonstrated elevated liver blood markers as well as elevated urine Glc4, a commonly used biomarker for glycogen storage disease. KO mice demonstrated features of liver structural damage. Hematoxylin & Eosin and Masson's Trichrome stained KO mice liver histology slides revealed characteristic GSD hepatocyte architectural changes and early liver fibrosis, as have been reported in liver GSD patients. DISCUSSION: This study provides the first evidence of a mouse model that recapitulates the liver-specific pathology of patients with GSD IX γ2. The model will provide the first platform for further study of disease progression in GSD IX γ2 as well as for the evaluation of novel therapeutics.

Construindo "teias": fragilidades e potencialidades para o enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher / Building "cobwebs": fragilities and potentialities in order to face violence against women / Construyendo "telarañas": fragilidades y potencialidades para el enfrentamiento de la violencia contra la mujer

RESUMO A violência contra as mulheres possui caráter multidimensional e multideterminado. Portanto, a atenção voltada para estas situações deve abranger uma rede articulada e representativa de suas necessidades. Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória que teve como objetivo mapear a Rede de Enfrentamento à Violência Contra as Mulheres de um município gaúcho. Utilizou- -se da amostragem por Bola de Neve para coleta de informações e construção do fluxograma de indicações. A principal problemática apresentada é que, contrapondo o que é previsto pelas políticas vigentes, o trabalho em redes vem se construindo informalmente. Existem dois principais núcleos, o da Saúde e o Jurídico. Os setores da Assistência e Segurança Pública permanecem em segundo plano de funcionamento e reconhecimento. Além disso, a não existência de serviços, como o Centro de Referência, é um resultado preocupante, que direciona ao pouco engajamento do Estado com as estratégias de enfrentamento da violência.

ABSTRACT Violence against women has a multidimensional and multidetermined character. Therefore, the attention focused on these situations must cover an articulated network that represents its needs. This article is a summary of a qualitative exploratory research that aimed to map the Rede de Enfrentamento à Violência Contra as Mulheres (Combat Network of Violence Against Women) in a Brazilian southern municipal ity. The snowball sampling was used to collect information and construct a flow chart of indications. The main problem presented is that, in contrast to what is foreseen by the current public policies, networking has been constructed informally from participant's contacts. There are two main sectors, Health and Juridical front. The sectors of Public Assistance and Public Security remain in the background of operation and recognition. In addition, the lack of services, such as the Reference Center, is one of the most concerning results, which directs the lack of engagement of the State with coping strategies.

RESUMEN La violencia contra la mujer tiene un carácter multidimensional y multideterminador. Por lo tanto, la atención enfocada en estas situaciones debe cubrir una red articulada que represente sus necesidades. Este artículo es un recorte de una investigación cualitativa exploratoria que tuvo como objetivo mapear la Red de Enfrentamiento a la Violencia Contra las Mujeres de un municipio gaucho. Se utilizó del muestreo por Bola de Nieve para recopilar información y construir un diagrama de indicaciones. La principal problemática presentada es que, contrariamente a lo previsto por las políticas vigentes, el trabajo en redes se viene construyendo informalmente. Hay dos núcleos principales, el de la Salud y el Jurídico. Los sectores de Asistencia y Seguridad Pública permanecen en segundo plano de funcionamiento y reconocimiento. Además, la inexistencia de servicios, como el Centro de Referencia, es uno resultado preocupante, que apunta al poco compromiso del Estado con las estrategias de enfrentamiento a la violencia.

Minority stress and drug use among transgender and gender diverse adults: A daily diary study.

BACKGROUND: Transgender and gender-diverse people are at higher risk for drug use and drug use disorder than their cisgender peers. Theory and research have suggested that external minority stressors (e.g., discrimination, violence, and rejection) and internal minority stressors (e.g., internalized transphobia) may contribute to this health disparity. However, few studies have examined the proximal (e.g., same-day) association between minority stress and drug use. METHODS: The present study tested the same-day association of external and internal minority stressors with use of drugs in a sample of 38 transgender and gender-diverse participants residing in two Southeastern cities. Participants reported their previous day's experiences with minority stress and drug use over the course of 30 days. A total of 836 daily surveys were collected (73.3 % compliance rate). RESULTS: Multilevel modeling revealed that external minority stress (i.e., violence, harassment, discrimination, rejection), but not internalized stigma, was associated with increased odds of drug use on a given day, while controlling for time, same-day depressive affect and cognition, same-day gender dysphoria symptoms, demographics, and baseline levels of drug use. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that external minority stress is associated with drug use on the same day. Future empirical and theoretical work may examine factors that could moderate these associations. Clinicians working with transgender and gender-diverse individuals should assess for minority stress and possible related drug use behavior.

Evaluación y seguimiento de tele - cuidados en pacientes pediátricos del servicio de oncología / Evaluation and monitoring of tele - care in pediatric patients of the oncology service

El cáncer infantil se considera mayoritariamente una enfermedad crónica. La información acerca de la enfermedad y los tratamientos es una necesidad presente en todos los miembros de la familia, en los primeros momentos puede ser difícil de entender y recordar por lo cual una información clara y sencilla permitirá una mejor comprensión. Las nuevas tecnologías de la información hacen posible establecer conexiones infinitas y el campo de la salud no ha escapado a este fenómeno, han aparecido términos como "Tele cuidados" o "Tele-Enfermería", refiere al uso de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones. Objetivo: evaluar los beneficios que brinda la implementación del Tele cuidado en la continuidad de los cuidados en pacientes pediátricos oncológicos y su familia. Material y Método: estudio descriptivo - evaluativo, la población fué de 9 pacientes incorporados al Proyecto de Telecuidado. Se utilizaron entrevistas, telefonía celular, fichas y listas de cotejo. El programa lleva implementado 6 meses en la institución, esta evaluación corresponde a una primera etapa de desarrollo del mismo. Resultados: según las dimensiones de Evaluación de necesidades, Evaluación de conceptualización y lógica del programa, Evaluación de proceso y Evaluación de resultados. Conclusión: El presente estudio nos ha permitido determinar al Tele Cuidado como una herramienta que nos ayuda a mejorar la atención de enfermería, además incrementa los procesos de comunicación y apoya la continuidad de los cuidados en el hogar[AU]

Childhood cancer is mostly considered a chronic disease. Information about the disease and treatments is a necessity present in all family members, in the first moments it can be difficult to understand and remember why clear information and simple it will allow a better understanding. The new information technologies make it possible to establish infinite connections and the field of Health, has not escaped this phenomenon, they have jumped into the health arena terms such as "Tele care" or "Tele-Nursing" , which refers to the use of information and communications technologies. Objective: to evaluate the benefits of implementing Tics in the continuity of care in pediatric cancer patients and their family. Material and Method: descriptive - evaluative study, the population was of 9 patients who joined the Telecare Project. Interviews, records and checklist were used. The program has been implemented for 6 months in the institution, this evaluation corresponds to a first stage of its development. Results: these are analyzed according to the dimensions of Needs Assessment, Evaluation of conceptualization and logic of the program, Process evaluation and Evaluation of results. Conclusion: This study has allowed us to determine Tele Care as a tool that helps us improve nursing care, also increases communication processes and allows continuity of care[AU]

O câncer infantil é considerado principalmente uma doença crônica. Informações sobre a doença e tratamentos são uma necessidade presente em todos os membros da família; nos primeiros momentos, pode ser difícil entender e lembrar, razão pela qual informações claras e simples permitirão uma melhor compreensão. As informações possibilitam o estabelecimento de conexões infinitas e o campo da Saúde, não escapou a esse fenômeno, foram destacados termos como "Telecare" ou "Tele- Nursing", que se referem ao uso das tecnologias da informação. e comunicações. Objetivo: avaliar os benefícios proporcionados pela implementação das TICs na continuidade do atendimento em pacientes com câncer pediátrico e sua família. Material e Método: estudo descritivo-avaliativo, a população foi de 9 pacientes que ingressaram no Projeto Telecare. Foram utilizadas entrevistas, arquivos e uma lista de verificação. O programa foi implementado por 6 meses na instituição, esta avaliação corresponde a um primeiro estágio de desenvolvimento. Resultados: são analisados de acordo com as dimensões Avaliação de Necessidades, Conceitualização de Programas e Avaliação Lógica, Avaliação de Processos e Avaliação de Resultados. Conclusão: Este estudo nos permitiu determinar o TeleCare como uma ferramenta que nos ajuda a melhorar os cuidados de enfermagem, também aumenta os processos de comunicação e permite a continuidade dos cuidados[AU]

Interference between the glass, gel, and gas-liquid transitions.

Recent experiments and computer simulations have revealed intriguing phenomenological fingerprints of the interference between the ordinary equilibrium gas-liquid phase transition and the non-equilibrium glass and gel transitions. We thus now know, for example, that the liquid-gas spinodal line and the glass transition loci intersect at a finite temperature and density, that when the gel and the glass transitions meet, mechanisms for multistep relaxation emerge, and that the formation of gels exhibits puzzling latency effects. In this work we demonstrate that the kinetic perspective of the non-equilibrium self-consistent generalized Langevin equation (NE-SCGLE) theory of irreversible processes in liquids provides a unifying first-principles microscopic theoretical framework to describe these and other phenomena associated with spinodal decomposition, gelation, glass transition, and their combinations. The resulting scenario is in reality the competition between two kinetically limiting behaviors, associated with the two distinct dynamic arrest transitions in which the liquid-glass line is predicted to bifurcate at low densities, below its intersection with the spinodal line.

Correlates of suicide ideation and behaviors among transgender people: A systematic review guided by ideation-to-action theory.

Transgender people are at high risk for suicide ideation, attempts, and deaths compared to the general population. Several correlates of suicide ideation and attempts have been identified empirically to understand this increased risk. However, few attempts have been made to systematically review this literature. Further, a theory to understand and identify targetable factors for intervention has rarely been applied to this population. In the first systematic review guided by ideation-to-action frameworks of suicide, we systematically reviewed the literature from January 1991 to July 2017 regarding correlates of suicide ideation, attempts, and deaths among transgender people. To be included in the review, articles must have been reported in English, reported on empirical data, included a sample or subsample of transgender people, and reported separately on correlates of suicide ideation, attempts, or deaths. Two independent reviewers searched three major databases, references of included articles, and unpublished literature, which produced 45 articles for review. The review suggested that ideation-to-action frameworks would be worth investigating within this population, with attention to sources of psychological pain, social connectedness, and capacity/capability for suicide unique to this population. Additionally, other aspects of cultural identity were often studied (e.g., race, religion), suggesting the need to understand intersectionality of identities among transgender people and their effects on suicide risk. Finally, the review highlighted important limitations of the literature, namely measurement of suicide ideation and attempts and sampling method, which future work should seek to improve.

Suicide Risk Among Transgender People: A Prevalent Problem in Critical Need of Empirical and Theoretical Research.

Transgender individuals are at increased risk for suicide relative to nontransgender people. Despite this, research on transgender people's risk for suicide mirrors their marginalization at the societal level; there is simply not enough research dedicated to understanding increased suicide risk among transgender people. This article presents a brief review of what is known regarding the prevalence and correlates of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors among transgender people and offers perspective regarding what theories of suicide may be pertinent to understanding and addressing increased suicide risk within this population. We also summarize strengths and limitations of the current body of work to provide impetus for additional and improved research on this important problem.

Pitch and Loudness Tinnitus in Individuals with Presbycusis

Abstract Introduction Tinnitus is a symptom that is often associated with presbycusis. Objective This study aims to analyze the existence of association among hearing thresholds, pitch, and loudness of tinnitus in individuals with presbycusis, considering the gender variable. Methods Cross-sectional, descriptive, and prospective study, whose sample consisted of individuals with tinnitus and diagnosis of presbycusis. For the evaluation, we performed anamnesis along with otoscopy, pure tone audiometry, and acuphenometry to analyze the psychoacoustic characteristics of tinnitus individuals. Results The sample consisted of 49 subjects, with a mean age of 69.57 6.53 years, who presented unilateral and bilateral tinnitus, therefore, a sample of 80 ears. In analyzing the results, as for acuphenometry, the loudness of tinnitus was more present at 0dB and the pitch was 6HKz and 8HKz. Regarding the analysis of the association between the frequency of greater hearing threshold and tinnitus pitch, no statistical significance (p= 0.862) was found. As for the association between the intensity of greater hearing threshold and tinnitus loudness, no statistical significance (p= 0.115) was found. Conclusion There is no significant association between the hearing loss of patients with presbycusis and the pitch and loudness of tinnitus.

Pitch and Loudness Tinnitus in Individuals with Presbycusis.

Introduction Tinnitus is a symptom that is often associated with presbycusis. Objective This study aims to analyze the existence of association among hearing thresholds, pitch, and loudness of tinnitus in individuals with presbycusis, considering the gender variable. Methods Cross-sectional, descriptive, and prospective study, whose sample consisted of individuals with tinnitus and diagnosis of presbycusis. For the evaluation, we performed anamnesis along with otoscopy, pure tone audiometry, and acuphenometry to analyze the psychoacoustic characteristics of tinnitus individuals. Results The sample consisted of 49 subjects, with a mean age of 69.57 ± 6.53 years, who presented unilateral and bilateral tinnitus, therefore, a sample of 80 ears. In analyzing the results, as for acuphenometry, the loudness of tinnitus was more present at 0dB and the pitch was 6HKz and 8HKz. Regarding the analysis of the association between the frequency of greater hearing threshold and tinnitus pitch, no statistical significance (p = 0.862) was found. As for the association between the intensity of greater hearing threshold and tinnitus loudness, no statistical significance (p = 0.115) was found. Conclusion There is no significant association between the hearing loss of patients with presbycusis and the pitch and loudness of tinnitus.