RESUMEN
Ernesto Bustamante Zuleta (1922-2021) was an impactful Colombian neurosurgeon whose legacy is inextricably linked with the development of the neurosurgery specialty in Colombia. His detail-oriented approach to treatment complemented his reputation for mastery of the neurosciences. Never simply confined to the operating theater, this calm and considerate physician felt compelled to teach during his entire career. The result of his teaching made a lasting imprint on an entire generation of neurosurgeons who subsequently established a high standard of neurosurgical care in Colombia. A true pioneer, Bustamante comprehensively engaged in his field, from founding the country's first residency program in neurosurgery to successfully implementing technology in his procedures, performing many of Colombia's first neurosurgical interventions, and publishing extensively across various categories of medical science. This historical reflection highlights his enduring contributions to the field and considers his legacy through the witness testimony of many of his students and collaborators. The hope is that his contributions may be acknowledged in full, as he was a reserved person who never boasted of his own accomplishments. The authors also hope that those who did not have the opportunity to know him would be informed by the historical context of the development of Colombian neurosurgery and inspired by his conviction and altruism.
Asunto(s)
Neurocirugia , Médicos , Humanos , Historia del Siglo XX , Colombia , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos , NeurocirujanosRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: To report the outcomes of non-endoscopic percutaneous cervical discectomy by anterior blunt approach for the treatment of degenerative disc disease. Methods: A review of the medical records of patients with axial cervical pain resulting from degenerative disc disease and treated with discectomy and percutaneous nucleoplasty by anterior blunt approach with radiofrequency source was carried out. The data were evaluated according to modified MacNab and pre- and postoperative VAS criteria at 3, 12 and 24 months. Results: Sixty-two procedures were performed in 48 patients between 2008 and 2014. The mean age of the population was 52.4 years. MacNab results were 84.6%, 92.3%, and 89.2% improvement (excellent and good results) at 3, 12 and 24 months, respectively. The VAS changed from 7.4 to 2.3 two years after the procedure, showing a statistically significant difference (p=0.000). There were no major complications or re-interventions related to the technique. Conclusions: Anterior non-endoscopic discectomy and nucleoplasty for the treatment of discogenic axial cervical pain may be an effective alternative to open surgery. In the two-year follow-up, our blunt technique proved to be a safe procedure with no approach-related complications, and provided outcomes comparable to those reported using the original needle technique.
RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar os resultados de discotomia percutânea não endoscópica por acesso anterior rombo para tratamento de doença degenerativa do disco. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão dos prontuários clínicos de pacientes com dor cervical axial decorrente de doença degenerativa do disco e tratados com discotomia e nucleoplastia percutâneas não endoscópicas por acesso anterior rombo com fonte de radiofrequência. Os dados foram avaliados de acordo com MacNab modificado e os critérios pré e pós-operatórios da EVA aos 3, 12 e 24 meses. Resultados: Um total de 62 procedimentos foi realizado em 48 pacientes entre 2008 e 2014. A média de idade da população foi de 52,4 anos. Os resultados de MacNab obtidos foram 84,6%, 92,3% e 89,2% de melhora (resultados excelentes e bons) aos 3, 12 e 24 meses, respectivamente. A EVA passou de 7,4 para 2,3 dois anos depois do procedimento, mostrando diferença estatisticamente significante (p = 0,000). Não houve complicações importantes ou reintervenções relacionadas com a técnica. Conclusões: A discotomia e nucleoplastia não endoscópicas anteriores para tratamento da dor cervical axial discogênica podem ser uma alternativa efetiva à cirurgia aberta. Nos dois anos de acompanhamento, nossa técnica romba provou ser um procedimento seguro, sem complicações relacionadas com o acesso e proporcionou resultados comparáveis aos relatados quando se usa a técnica original com agulha.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Reportar los resultados de la discectomía percutánea no endoscópica a través de abordaje anterior romo para el tratamiento de la enfermedad degenerativa del disco. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de las historias clínicas de los pacientes con dolor cervical axial resultante de enfermedad degenerativa del disco y tratados con discectomía y nucleoplastia percutáneas no endoscópicas por abordaje anterior romo con fuente de radiofrecuencia. Los datos fueron evaluados de acuerdo con MacNab modificado y los criterios pre y postoperatorios de EVA a los 3, 12 y 24 meses. Resultados: Se realizaron un total de 62 procedimientos en 48 pacientes entre 2008 y 2014. La edad promedio de la población fue de 52,4 años. Los resultados de MacNab obtenidos fueron 84,6%, 92,3% y 89,2% de mejora (resultados excelentes y buenos) a los 3, 12 y 24 meses, respectivamente. La EVA cambió de 7,4 a 2,3 dos años después del procedimiento, mostrando diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,000). No hubo complicaciones importantes o reintervenciones relacionadas con la técnica. Conclusiones: La discectomía y nucleoplastia no endoscópicas anteriores para el tratamiento del dolor cervical axial discogénico pueden ser una alternativa efectiva a la cirugía abierta. En los dos años de seguimiento, nuestra técnica roma demostró ser un procedimiento seguro, sin complicaciones relacionadas con el abordaje y proporcionó resultados comparables a los reportados cuando se usa la técnica original con aguja.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Discectomía Percutánea , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos , Dolor de Cuello , Degeneración del Disco IntervertebralRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: To report and compare the number and grade of major complications presented with non-endoscopic thermal discectomy and nucleoplasty for the treatment of discogenic axial lumbar pain using laser and radiofrequency. Methods: A 21 years retrospective study was conducted of the clinical charts of patients whose reason for consultation was axial lumbar pain from degenerative disc disease, and who underwent surgery using non-endoscopic discectomy and nucleoplasty (NEDN). Two groups were established; the first, NEDN with laser, and second, NEDN with radiofrequency. The number and types of complications reported in the case-series were counted, and their statistical differences determined. Results: The inclusion criteria were fulfilled by 643 of the medical charts. 26 complications were reported, the most common being radiculitis (n=12). Statistically significant differences were found between the complications occurring in the two groups (p=0.01). Conclusion: The number of complications showed statistically significant difference. The severity of the complications and adverse outcomes provide an argument for choosing one technology over the other. Training and the learning curve stage are important factors to be taken into account, to avoid complications.
RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar e comparar o número e grau das complicações importantes apresentadas com discotomia e nucleoplastia térmica não endoscópica no tratamento da dor lombar axial discogênica usando laser e radiofrequência. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 21 anos, realizado com os prontuários clínicos de pacientes cujo motivo da consulta foi dor lombar axial por doença degenerativa do disco, que foram submetidos a cirurgia empregando discotomia e nucleoplastia não endoscópica (NEDN). Dois grupos foram estabelecidos, o primeiro, NEDN com laser e o segundo, NEDN com radiofrequência. O número e os tipos de complicações relatadas na série de casos foram contabilizados, e suas diferenças estatísticas foram determinadas. Resultados: Os critérios de inclusão foram satisfeitos por 643 prontuários clínicos. Foram relatadas 26 complicações, sendo a mais comum a radiculite (n = 12). Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p = 0,01) entre as complicações que ocorreram nos dois grupos. Conclusão: O número de complicações mostrou diferença estatisticamente significativa. A gravidade das complicações e os resultados adversos fornecem um argumento para a escolha de uma tecnologia sobre a outra. O treinamento e a curva de aprendizagem são fatores importantes a considerar para evitar complicações.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Relatar y comparar el número y grado de las complicaciones importantes que se presentaron con la discectomía y nucleoplastia térmica no endoscópica para el tratamiento del dolor lumbar axial discogénico utilizando láser y radiofrecuencia. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 21 años de las historias clínicas de pacientes cuyo motivo de consulta fue el dolor lumbar axial debido a enfermedad degenerativa del disco, que fueron sometidos a cirugía mediante discectomía y nucleoplastia no endoscópica (NEDN). Se establecieron dos grupos, el primero, NEDN con láser y el segundo, NEDN con radiofrecuencia. Se contaron el número y los tipos de complicaciones relatadas en la serie de casos, y se determinaron sus diferencias estadísticas. Resultados: Los criterios de inclusión fueron satisfechos por 643 historias clínicas. Se encontraron 26 complicaciones, siendo la más común la radiculitis (n = 12). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las complicaciones ocurridas (p = 0,01). Conclusión: El número de complicaciones mostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa. La gravedad de las complicaciones y los resultados adversos proporcionan un argumento para elegir una tecnología sobre la otra. La capacitación y la curva de aprendizaje son factores importantes a tener en cuenta para evitar complicaciones.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/cirugía , Dolor de la Región Lumbar , Discectomía/efectos adversos , Tratamiento de Radiofrecuencia PulsadaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Zygapophysial joint arthrosis is a pathology related with axial lumbar pain. The most accepted treatment, after failure of medical management, is the thermal denervation of the medial branch. Nonetheless, the placement of the heat probe remains a challenge to surgeons, even when using the fluoroscope. Using a variation of Shealy's and Bogduk's original techniques, which includes ablation of the medial branch and the nerves present in the joint capsule, we hypothesize that we can obtain similar outcomes to those found in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To present the results attained over the last 8 years in the treatment of axial lumbar pain from zygapophysial joints degeneration, by employing a variation of the lumbar medial branch neurotomy technique, called 360-degree facet rhizotomy with radiofrequency. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective evaluation. SETTING: Spine Center - Minimally Invasive Surgery in Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS: A medical chart review was conducted for patients diagnosed with axial lumbar pain from zygapophysial joint arthrosis and treated with 360-degree facet rhizolysis with a high frequency radiofrequency energy source between 2008 and 2014. Data were evaluated under modified MacNab and pre- and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) criteria. RESULTS: We obtained a total of 73 patients. The average population age was 58.6 years. The preoperative VAS obtained was 7.3, which changed to 1.7 one year after the procedure. The MacNab criteria 12 months after the surgery gave satisfactory outcomes (excellent and good) from 91.7% of the patients. LIMITATIONS: This retrospective study includes inherent limitations and only offers one year follow-up data. CONCLUSIONS: Thermal therapy for zygapophysial joint arthrosis constitutes a safe and effective technique. The one year follow-up data presented here show that the ablation of the medial branch and nerves present in the joint capsule leads to satisfactory results in a high percentage of patients.