Tumor venéreo transmissível canino com resistência quimioterápica e metástase esplênica. Relato de caso / Canine transmissible venereal tumor with chemotherapy resistance and splenic metastasis. Case report

RESUMO O Tumor Venéreo Transmissível Canino (TVTC) é uma neoplasia de células redondas que tem a particularidade de se implantar em mucosas que tenham perdido a sua integridade. Nesse local o tumor prolifera e ocasionalmente origina metástase. Em geral, o tumor responde ao tratamento com sulfato de vincristina, porém a resistência quimioterápica associada ao fenótipo tumoral tem sido documentada. Objetivou-se relatar um caso de TVTC genital de fenótipo citológico misto com metástase esplênica e o insucesso da quimioterapia com sulfato de vincristina, em uma fêmea canina, da raça Australian Cattle Dog, de cinco anos de idade. Após diagnóstico citológico e histológico, o tumor primário foi ainda caracterizado em fase de progressão e mostrou baixa expressão de moléculas do complexo principal de histocompatibilidade (MHC) (4,4 ± 2% classe I e 11 ± 4,1% classe II). A cadela foi submetida à ovariohisterectomia e esplenectomia terapêutica e não apresentou recidiva do tumor após 12 meses de acompanhamento clínico.

ABSTRACT The canine transmissible venereal tumor is a type of round cell cancer that have the particularity of implanting in mucous tissue, when they lose their integrity, at which point the tumour proliferates and may even develop metastases. The tumor typically responds well to vincristine sulfate chemotherapy, although there are cases of resistance to the drug correlated with the tumoral phenotype. We describe herein a genital mixed TVTC case with metastases at spleen and failure at vincristine sulfate chemotherapeutic treatment in a five years old Australian Cattle Dog female. After the cytological, histological and cytogenetic diagnostic, the primary tumor was still characterized in progression phase and showed low major histocompatibility complex expression MHC (4,4 ± 2% class I e 11 ± 4,1% class II. The dog underwent therapeutic splenectomy and ovariohysterectomy and did not present tumor recurrence within 12 months of clinical follow-up.

Sedative and antinociceptive effects of different detomidine constant rate infusions, with or without methadone in standing horses.

BACKGROUND: Standing surgery avoids the risks of general anaesthesia in horses. OBJECTIVES: To assess sedation, antinociception and gastrointestinal motility in standing horses after a detomidine loading dose and 2-h constant rate intravenous (i.v.) infusion, with or without methadone. STUDY DESIGN: Blinded, randomised, crossover with seven healthy adult cross-bred horses, three geldings and four females (404 ± 22 kg). METHODS: Five i.v. treatments were administered to all horses with 1-week washout period: saline (SAL), detomidine low (2.5 µg/kg bwt + 6.25 µg/kg bwt/h) (DL) and high doses (5 µg/kg bwt + 12.5 µg/kg bwt/h) (DH) alone or combined with methadone (0.2 mg/kg bwt + 0.05 mg/kg bwt/h), (DLM) and (DHM), respectively. Height of head above the ground (HHAG), electrical (ET), thermal (TT) and mechanical (MT) nociceptive thresholds and gastrointestinal motility were evaluated at predetermined times between 5 and 240 min. A mixed effect model and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyse normally and non-normally distributed data, respectively. RESULTS: Sedation (<50% basal HHAG) was achieved for the duration of the infusion, and for an additional 15 min in DH and DHM groups. Nociceptive thresholds were higher than baseline, to the greatest degree and the longest duration, with DHM (ET and TT for 135 min and MT for 150 min). After DH, TT was significantly higher than baseline from 30 to 120 min and MT from 15 to 135 min. After DLM, ET was increased at 90 min, TT at 30 min and MT for 120 min. Gastrointestinal motility was reduced for up to 135 min after DL, 150 min after DLM and 210 min after DH and DHM. MAIN LIMITATIONS: Nociceptive thresholds are not equivalent to surgical stimuli. CONCLUSION: Methadone with the highest detomidine dose (DHM) may provide sufficient sedation and analgesia for standing surgical procedures and warrants further investigation.

Effects of 6% Tetrastarch and Lactated Ringer's Solution on Extravascular Lung Water and Markers of Acute Renal Injury in Hemorrhaged, Isoflurane-Anesthetized Healthy Dogs.

BACKGROUND: Tetrastarch can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans with sepsis, but less likely to result in tissue edema than lactated Ringer's solution (LRS). OBJECTIVES: Compare effects of volume replacement (VR) with LRS and 6% tetrastarch solution (TS) on extravascular lung water (EVLW) and markers of AKI in hemorrhaged dogs. ANIMALS: Six healthy English Pointer dogs (19.7-35.3 kg). METHODS: Prospective crossover study. Animals underwent anesthesia without hemorrhage (Control). Two weeks later, dogs hemorrhaged under anesthesia on 2 occasions (8-week washout intervals) and randomly received VR with LRS or TS at 3 : 1 or 1 : 1 of shed blood, respectively. Anesthesia was maintained until 4 hour after VR for EVLW measurements derived from transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and creatinine concentrations in plasma and urine were measured until 72 hour after VR. RESULTS: The EVLW index (mL/kg) was lower at 1 hour after TS (10.0 ± 1.9) in comparison with controls (11.9 ± 3.4, P = 0.04), and at 4 hour after TS (9.7 ± 1.9) in comparison with LRS (11.8 ± 2.7, P = 0.03). Arterial oxygen partial pressure-to-inspired oxygen fraction ratio did not differ among treatments from 0.5 to 4 hour after VR. Urine NGAL/creatinine ratio did not differ among treatments and remained below threshold for AKI (120,000 pg/mg). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Although TS causes less EVLW accumulation than LRS, neither fluid produced evidence of lung edema (impaired oxygenation). Both fluids appear not to cause AKI when used for VR after hemorrhage in healthy nonseptic dogs.

Epidural levobupivacaine alone or combined with different morphine doses in bitches under continuous propofol infusion / Levobupivacaína isolada ou associada à morfina em diferentes doses pela via peridural em cadelas sob infusão contínua de propofol

The aim of this study was to assess the cardiopulmonary, analgesic, adverse effects, serum concentration of cortisol and plasma levels of levobupivacaine and morphine in bitches undergoing propofol anesthesia and epidural analgesia with levobupivacaine alone or combined with morphine. This was a randomized 'blinded' prospective clinical study using 32 adult bitches weighing 9.8±4.1kg that were admitted for elective ovariohysterectomy. Twenty minutes after administration of acepromazine and midazolam, anesthesia was induced with propofol (4mg kg-1) and maintained by a continuous rate infusion (CRI). Each animal was randomly assigned to one of four epidural groups: GL = levobupivacaine alone (0.33mg kg-1); GLM0.1 = levobupivacaine and morphine (0.1mg kg-1); GLM0.15 = levobupivacaine and morphine (0.15mg kg-1); and GLM0.2 = levobupivacaine and morphine (0.2mg kg-1)...

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos cardiovasculares, analgésico, adversos, a concentração sérica de cortisol e os níveis plasmáticos de levobupivacaína e morfina em cadelas submetidas à infusão contínua de propofol e analgesia peridural com levobupivacaína isolada ou associada à morfina. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo clínico prospectivo randomizado com 32 cadelas adultas pesando 9,8 ± 4,1kg, que foram submetidas à ovário-histerectomia eletiva. Vinte minutos após a administração de acepromazina e midazolam, os animais foram induzidos com propofol (4mg/kg) e mantidos por uma infusão contínua (CRI) do mesmo fármaco. Cada animal foi alocado aleatoriamente em um dos quatro grupos: GL = levobupivacaína isolada (0,33mg/kg); GLM0,1 = levobupivacaína + morfina (0,1mg/kg); GLM0,15 = levobupivacaína + morfina (0,15mg/kg) e GLM0,2 = levobupivacaína + morfina (0,2mg/kg)...