Behavior of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Pilot-Scale vertical flow constructed wetlands treating landfill leachate.

This study investigated the behavior of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in multiple pilot-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) treating landfill leachate. Eight pilot-scale VFCW columns planted with Typha latifolia or Scirpus Californicus were fed untreated municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachate that was diluted with potable water at a 1:10 ratio (1 part leachate to 10 parts total) at a fixed daily hydraulic loading rate of 0.525 m d-1. Ninety-two PFAS were examined and 18 PFAS were detected at quantifiable concentrations (7 precursor species and 11 terminal species). The average concentration of Σ92 PFAS in the influent was 3,100 ng L-1, which corresponded with minimal reduction in the effluents from the four VFCW (decreases ranged from 1% to 12% on average for Σ18 PFAS); however, precursors 6:3 FTCA, 7:3 FTCA, N-MeFOSAA, and N-EtFOSAA concentrations decreased significantly in the VFCW effluents, and significant decreases in the concentrations of these PFAA-precursors were concurrent with a significant increase in concentrations of five PFAAs (PFBA, PFNA, PFBS, PFOS, and PFOSI). This trend indicates that from a regulatory perspective, standalone VFCWs are likely to produce an apparent PFAS increase, which may also be true for many other leachate treatment processes incorporating aerobic biological treatment. Additional treatment to address PFAS should be integrated prior to the use of any system, including VFCWs, for the treatment of constituents of concern in MSW landfill leachate.

Adenocarcinoma of mammary origin in the maxillary gingiva: a case report and brief literature review.

Maxillofacial metastases are rare but represent advanced disease progression and a poor prognosis. The primary purpose of this article is to describe a patient with previously diagnosed and treated invasive ductal breast carcinoma who developed a metastatic lesion in the maxillary gingiva. In addition, this article presents a brief literature review of case reports on metastatic breast cancer manifestations in the gingiva. In the present case, a 68-year-old woman had been diagnosed and treated for invasive ductal breast carcinoma. At the 6-month follow-up after treatment for breast cancer, she complained of pain in the right leg and spine, swelling in the right arm associated with redness, and a nodular growth in the maxillary gingiva that was painful, friable, and associated with tooth mobility. Imaging examinations and microscopic analysis of an oral biopsy specimen revealed disease progression to the oral cavity, femur, lung, and brain. Because of the advanced disease, the patient died within a few weeks. The literature review identified 6 articles that reported varied clinical presentations of metastatic breast cancer in the gingiva. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common histologic type. Routine dental follow-up of patients with cancer is essential for the identification and diagnosis of oral lesions to ensure early intervention for lesions that may be distant metastases mimicking benign lesions.

International Survey of Perfusion Practice for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery: 2021 Results.

The conduct of cardiopulmonary bypass in neonatal, infant, and pediatric patients continuously evolves as new devices and innovative techniques are introduced. Since 1989, periodic pediatric perfusion surveys have been conducted to ascertain practice patterns involving demographics, equipment, and perfusion techniques. The goal of this current project is to provide an updated perspective on international pediatric and congenital perfusion practice since the last survey conducted in 2016. In July 2021, a 100-question perfusion survey was distributed to 284 pediatric cardiac surgery centers using a secure web browser-based data application. Each center was given a unique survey hyperlink to ensure one response per institution and to monitor the response rate. Centers were given 1 month to complete the survey and electronic reminders were sent weekly to nonrespondents. After the survey was closed, information from completed surveys was exported to a software program for analysis. Responses were received from 153 of 284 pediatric centers for a response rate of 54%. Sixty respondents (39%) were from North American (NA) centers while 93 respondents (61%) were from non-North American (NNA) centers. The vast majority of centers use a roller head arterial pump (93%), hollow fiber oxygenators with open reservoirs (86%), and integrated arterial line filters (73%). The use of modified ultrafiltration was reported by 76% of centers. Ninety-two percent of centers reported the use of selective antegrade cerebral perfusion for aortic arch repairs. The N + 1 staffing model was most prevalent (52%), followed by two perfusionists per case (33%). Periodic surveys continue to be a useful modality in assessing regional variation in pediatric perfusion practice. This survey marked the first time the majority of responses came from non-North American institutions. Identifying these practice patterns may aid in the development of, and adherence to, regional standards and guidelines. This would foster the reduction of variation in practice and potentially improve patient safety.

Implantação de um protocolo de cateter central de inserção periférica: contribuição dos enfermeiros gestores do processo para a segurança do paciente / Implementation of a peripherally inserted central catheter protocol: contribution of process managers nurses for patient safety

A segurança do paciente é uma das bases de uma organização hospitalar. É um tema de ampla discussão nas últimas décadas em todo o mundo. As crianças estão na linha de frente quando consideramos os fatores de risco para a ocorrência de incidentes. A infecção primária da corrente sanguínea associada a um cateter venoso central é a principal infecção em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, é muito frequente a utilização do cateter central de inserção periférica. Visando a redução da probabilidade de eventos adversos faz-se necessário identificar os erros e melhorar os processos, apontando aspectos do cuidado que podem ser melhorados tornando a assistência aos pacientes mais segura. Os protocolos são ferramentas que contribuem para a sistematização da assistência de enfermagem, favorecendo a melhoria dos processos na busca pela excelência do cuidado. Neste contexto, questiona-se: a implantação de um protocolo de inserção e manutenção do cateter central de inserção periférica pode contribuir para melhorar os processos de segurança do paciente na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um hospital público em Belo Horizonte? O estudo teve como objetivo implantar o protocolo de inserção e manutenção de cateter central de inserção periférica na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um hospital municipal de grande porte em Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais. Metodologia: Para atingir os objetivos propostos, o estudo foi desenvolvido com métodos mistos em três etapas. Na 1ª etapa, por se tratar de busca de significados, optou-se pela pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza descritiva, o método escolhido foi a pesquisa-ação, os participantes foram os enfermeiros da UTIN, como instrumento para a coleta de dados foi escolhida a entrevista semiestruturada e a análise dos dados foi realizada através da análise de conteúdo. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os participantes sobre o conhecimento e contribuições acerca do protocolo de inserção e manutenção de PICC e levantado os pontos críticos do protocolo para serem validados pelos especialistas. Na 2ª etapa, ocorreu a validação do protocolo por enfermeiros juízes especialistas em neonatologia e a 3ª etapa finalizou com a implantação do protocolo de PICC e a elaboração da cartilha com as informações dos participantes e referencial teórico sobre o tema. O produto técnico foi um protocolo revisado e validado por enfermeiros especialistas em neonatologia.

Patient safety is one of the foundations of a hospital organization. It is a topic of wide discussion in the last decades around the world. Children are at the forefront when we consider the risk factors for incidents to occur. Primary bloodstream infection associated with a central venous catheter is the main infection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. In a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, the use of a peripherally inserted central catheter is very common. Aiming at reducing the probability of adverse events, it is necessary to identify errors and improve processes, pointing out aspects of care that can be improved by making patient care safer. Protocols are tools that contribute to the systematization of nursing care, favoring the improvement of processes in the pursuit of care excellence. In this context, the question is: can the implementation of a protocol for insertion and maintenance of peripherally inserted central catheters contribute to improving patient safety processes in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a public hospital in Belo Horizonte? The study aimed to implement the protocol for insertion and maintenance of peripherally inserted central catheters in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a large municipal hospital in Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais. Methodology: To achieve the proposed objectives, the study was developed with mixed methods in three stages. In the 1st stage, as it is a search for meanings, qualitative research was chosen, of a descriptive nature, the chosen method was action research, the participants were the NICU nurses, as an instrument for data collection, the semi-structured interview and data analysis was performed through content analysis. Interviews were carried out with the participants about their knowledge and contributions about the insertion and maintenance protocol of the PICC and the critical points of the protocol were raised to be validated by the experts. In the 2nd stage, the protocol was validated by nurse judges specializing in neonatology, and the 3rd stage ended with the implementation of the PICC protocol and the preparation of a booklet with information from the participants and theoretical framework on the subject. The technical product was a protocol revised and validated by specialist nurses in neonatology.

Perception scores of siblings and parents of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: Siblings of children with chronic medical conditions endorse a lower quality of life compared to age-matched peers. Caregiver and sibling-self report of adjustment are often discordant. Congenital heart disease significantly affects family life. To date, there have been no studies addressing the functioning of siblings of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, one of the most severe forms of congenital heart disease. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of hypoplastic left heart syndrome on sibling's quality of life as well as the caregiver's perception of this effect. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using a web-based survey distributed via various listservs targeted towards families of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Employed the Sibling Perception Questionnaire, designed to assess sibling and caregiver perceptions of adjustment to chronic illness. A Negative Adjustment Composite Score was calculated for each respondent, with higher values representing more negative adjustment. RESULTS: Thirty-five caregivers responded. Majority of caregivers were female (74%), white (86%) and college educated (54%). Thirty-two siblings participated, ranging in age from 7 to 30 years of age (12.5 ± 6.3). Most children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (73%) had undergone the third stage of palliation. Forty-two caregiver-sibling pairs were examined. Caregiver Negative Adjustment Composite Scores were significantly higher than sibling scores, with caregivers reporting more adjustment problems (2.4 ± 0.4) than siblings (2.3 ± 0.3, P < .05). Sibling age was correlated with worse caregiver and sibling scores (r 0.35, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Caregivers of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome perceive their siblings as struggling more than the children self-report. Siblings tend to report worse adjustment as they get older. These data suggest that programs should include support for the entire family through all ages to optimize quality of life.

Anxiety Scores in Caregivers of Children with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: Caring for children with congenital heart disease places significant stress on caregivers. Minimal data exist evaluating stress levels in caregivers of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). The goal of this study was to obtain baseline stress scores for caregivers of children with HLHS and determine if associations exist between scores and specific caregiver factors. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using a web-based survey targeted towards caregivers of children with HLHS was performed. Baseline demographics of the caregiver and child with HLHS were obtained. Caregivers completed three validated questionnaires including the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), Parenting Stress Index- Short Form (PSI-SF) and the Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP). RESULTS: Four hundred fifty-nine caregivers completed at least one questionnaire. PSI-SF total score was 80.5 ± 23.1 (> 86 = significant stress), PIP frequency total score was 119.0 ± 37.2, and PIP difficulty total score was 118.1 ± 35.7. Lower quality of life was significantly correlated with higher scores on the PSI-SF (r = -0.6), the presence of a developmental issue in the child (r = 0.3) as well as higher scores on the PIP frequency (r = -0.5) and difficulty scales (r = 0.4). Other demographic values for the caregiver and child did not significantly correlate with PSI or PIP total scores. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety/stress scores of caregivers with children with HLHS are correlated with how well the child is perceived to be doing physically and developmentally by the caregivers. Caregivers with physical and/or developmental concerns may need added psychosocial support.

Caregiver anxiety due to interstage feeding concerns.

INTRODUCTION: Improved weight gain during the interstage (IS) period has been shown to improve overall outcomes in patients with single ventricle physiology (SVP). This emphasis on nutrition may have untoward effects, such as increasing anxiety/stress levels in caregivers, who are already known to be at risk for increased anxiety/stress levels. The goal of this study was to evaluate anxiety/stress levels of caregivers as it pertains to feeding during the IS period and to determine if certain characteristics were associated with higher anxiety/stress scores. METHODS: Caregivers of children with SVP who completed the IS period, defined as the time between the first and second cardiac surgeries, were recruited. Baseline demographics were obtained. Anxiety/stress levels were measured via eight questions using a 0- to 10-point scale. Correlations were performed between demographic variables and anxiety/stress level scores. RESULTS: Fifty-six surveys were completed (39 males, 27 females) on 43 children. Fourteen children required tube feeds during the IS period. There were significant correlations between anxiety/stress scores and caregiver's gender, caregiver's age, caregiver's level of education, percent of time a caregiver spent feeding the child, if caregivers were taking medications for anxiety, and if the child was seen in the emergency room during the IS period. There were no correlation of anxiety/stress scores with caregiver's race, child's underlying cardiac diagnosis, age of child, route of feeding during the IS period, birth order of the child or number of children in the family, relationship status, or distance from the hospital. CONCLUSION: In general, caregivers of children with SVP experience anxiety/stress during the IS period specifically due to feeding concerns. Certain intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics were associated with higher anxiety/stress levels. Future studies are needed to determine how to minimize anxiety/stress levels during this stressful time period.

Quality in cytopathology: an analysis of the internal quality monitoring indicators of the Instituto Nacional de Câncer / Qualidade em citopatologia: análise de indicadores de monitoramento interno de qualidade do Instituto Nacional de Câncer

Introduction: Quality control programs are required to ensure the effectiveness of Pap smear, which still remain a key strategy for control of cervical cancer worldwide. Objective: This study was based on the retrospective and quantitative analysis of the post-analytical phase indicators from the internal quality monitoring (IQM) program for cytopathology laboratories, such as: positivity rate, atypical squamous cell (ASC)/satisfactory exams ratio, ASC/abnormal test results ratio, ASC/squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) ratio, percentage of tests compatible with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and total of false negative. Materials and methods: The information was extracted from the computerized system of the Section for Integrated Technology in Cytopathology (Seção Integrada de Tecnologia em Citopatologia [SITEC]), a reference institution for cancer cytopathology, from July 2013 to June 2014. From a total of 156,888 Pap smears, 157,454 were considered satisfactory for indicator analysis and 566 were excluded because they were considered unsatisfactory and/or rejected for analysis. The data was organized in tables using Microsoft Excel 2010 software, and categorized as indicators. Results: The averages for the indicators were: 7.2% for positivity rate, 56.9 for ASC/abnormal test ratio, 4.1 for ASC/satisfactory tests ratio, 1.4 for ASC/SIL ratio, 0.6% percentage for tests compatible with HSIL, and 2.1% for false-negative rate. Conclusion: The results show that an Internal Quality Monitoring Program is essencial to ensure quality for cytopathology laboratories, and a randomized review of at least 10% of the negative exams, as recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health/Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), since is an effective method, especially for large laboratories. .

Introdução: A estruturação de um sistema de controle de qualidade é necessária para garantir a efetividade do exame preventivo ginecológico, que permanece como principal estratégia para controle do câncer do colo do útero no mundo. Objetivos: Análise retrospectiva e quantitativa dos indicadores da fase pós-analítica do monitoramento interno de qualidade (MIQ) para laboratórios de citopatologia, como: índice de positividade, razão atipias escamosas de significado indeterminado (ASC)/exames satisfatórios, razão ASC/exames alterados, razão entre ASC/lesões intraepiteliais escamosas (SIL), percentual de exames compatíveis com lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau (HSIL), além do total de falso negativos. Materiais e métodos: As informações foram extraídas do sistema informatizado da Seção Integrada de Tecnologia em Citopatologia (SITEC), instituição de referência em citopatologia oncológica, no período de julho de 2013 até junho de 2014. De um total de 157.454 exames citopatológicos no período, 156.888 foram considerados satisfatórios para análise dos indicadores e 566 foram excluídos por serem classificados como insatisfatórios e/ou rejeitados. Todos os dados obtidos para análise foram organizados em tabelas utilizando-se o programa Microsoft Excel 2010, nas quais foram categorizados em indicadores. Resultados: A média obtida dos indicadores foi de 7,2% para o índice de positividade, 56,9 para a razão de ASC/exames alterados, 4,1 para a razão ASC/exames satisfatórios, 1,4 para ASC/SIL, 0,6% para exames compatíveis com HSIL e 2,1% de exames falso negativos. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram que o MIQ é fundamental para manter a qualidade dos laboratórios de citopatologia, e a revisão aleatória de pelo menos 10% dos exames considerados negativos, conforme orientação do Ministério da Saúde/Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), é um método eficaz principalmente em laboratórios de grande porte. .

Percutaneous core biopsy of palpable breast lesions: accuracy of frozen section histopathological exam in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the accuracy of frozen section histopathology from fragments of tissue obtained by percutaneous core needle biopsy of palpable tumors in the diagnosis of breast cancer. METHODS: a cohort study was performed on 57 patients with palpable tumors and suspected breast cancer undergoing percutaneous thick needle core biopsy. The fragments were analyzed by the same pathologist. RESULTS: frozen section diagnosed 16 benign cases (28.6%) and 40 malignant (71.4%), whereas paraffin showed that 15 were benign (26.8%) and 41 malignant (73.2%). Histopathological examinations were concordant in 55 cases and there was one false-negative (6.2%). Statistics rates were: negative predictive value of 93.8%, positive predictive value of 100%, no false-positive (0%), one false negative (6.2%), specificity of 100%, sensitivity of 97 6%; observed agreement = 98.2%; expected agreement = 59.9%, Kappa = 0.955 [ 95% CI = 0.925-0.974, p < 0.01 ]. CONCLUSIONS: frozen section histopathological findings showed excellent correlation with the findings by the technique in paraffin in the fragments of palpable breast tumors obtained by thick needle percutaneous core biopsy (98.2% accuracy). Therefore, in these patients, it was possible to anticipate the diagnosis, staging and the breast cancer treatment planning.

Percutaneous core biopsy of palpable breast lesions: accuracy of frozen section histopathological exam in the diagnosis of breast cancer / Avaliação da acurácia do exame histopatológico por congelação em fragmentos de tecido obtidos por biópsia percutânea com agulha grossa no diagnóstico do câncer de mama em tumores palpáveis

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the accuracy of frozen section histopathology from fragments of tissue obtained by percutaneous core needle biopsy of palpable tumors in the diagnosis of breast cancer. METHODS: a cohort study was performed on 57 patients with palpable tumors and suspected breast cancer undergoing percutaneous thick needle core biopsy. The fragments were analyzed by the same pathologist. RESULTS: frozen section diagnosed 16 benign cases (28.6%) and 40 malignant (71.4%), whereas paraffin showed that 15 were benign (26.8%) and 41 malignant (73.2%). Histopathological examinations were concordant in 55 cases and there was one false-negative (6.2%). Statistics rates were: negative predictive value of 93.8%, positive predictive value of 100%, no false-positive (0%), one false negative (6.2%), specificity of 100%, sensitivity of 97 6%; observed agreement = 98.2%; expected agreement = 59.9%, Kappa = 0.955 [ 95% CI = 0.925-0.974, p < 0.01 ]. CONCLUSIONS: frozen section histopathological findings showed excellent correlation with the findings by the technique in paraffin in the fragments of palpable breast tumors obtained by thick needle percutaneous core biopsy (98.2% accuracy). Therefore, in these patients, it was possible to anticipate the diagnosis, staging and the breast cancer treatment planning. .

OBJETIVO: avaliar a acurácia do exame histopatológico por congelação em fragmentos de tecido obtidos por biópsia percutânea com agulha grossa no diagnóstico do câncer de mama em tumores palpáveis. MÉTODOS: foi realizado estudo de coorte em 57 pacientes portadoras de tumores palpáveis e suspeitos de câncer de mama, submetidas à biópsia por punção percutânea com agulha grossa. Os fragmentos foram analisados pela mesma anatomopatologista. RESULTADOS: a congelação diagnosticou 16 casos benignos (28,6%) e 40 malignos (71,4%), enquanto a parafina revelou que 15 eram benignos (26,8%) e 41 malignos (73,2%). Os exames histopatológicos foram concordantes em 55 casos e houve um falso-negativo (6,2%). As taxas estatísticas foram: valor preditivo negativo de 93,8%, valor preditivo positivo de 100%, nenhum falso-positivo (0%), um falso-negativo (6,2%), especificidade de 100%; sensibilidade de 97,6%; concordância observada = 98,2%; concordância esperada = 59,9%; Kappa = 0,955 [IC 95% = 0,925 a 0,974, p<0,01]. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados histopatológicos por congelação apresentaram excelente correlação com os achados pela técnica em parafina nos fragmentos de tumores mamários palpáveis obtidos por punção percutânea com agulha grossa (acurácia de 98,2%). Logo, nestas pacientes, foi possível antecipar o diagnóstico, o estadiamento e a programação terapêutica do câncer de mama. .

Performance of the cytologic examination for the diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ: cytologic-histologic correlation in 60 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the performance of cytologic examinations for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) through the correlation between the cytologic and histologic findings. STUDY DESIGN: This study included 60 patients followed at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute from November 1998 to December 2007, with the cytopathologic diagnosis of AIS. The percentage of agreement between cytologic and histologic findings was evaluated. RESULTS: Histologic study confirmed AIS in 28.3% (17/60) and invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma in 38.3% (23/60) of the cases. In 21.7% (13/60) of the patients, the histologic examination revealed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 and in 5.0% (3/60) squamous invasive carcinoma; in the remaining 5.0% (3/60) the diagnosis pointed to other neoplasms, and 1.7% (1/60) showed exclusively benign squamous cell lesions. Cytology identified lesions in 98.3% of the patients; 51% was intraepithelial. CONCLUSION: Although cytomorphologic criteria for diagnosis of AIS have been published, there was significant difficulty in interpreting glandular lesions. However, despite the fact that cytology has shown a poor performance in identifying glandular lesions, in almost all cases (98.3%) the presence of a clinically significant injury was detected. As knowledge of this diagnosis increases, better performance is expected.

Prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades II/III and cervical cancer in patients with cytological diagnosis of atypical squamous cells when high-grade intraepithelial lesions (ASC-H) cannot be ruled out / Prevalência de neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical graus II/III e câncer cervical nas pacientes com diagnóstico citológico de células escamosas atípicas, quando não se pode excluir lesão intra-epitelial de alto grau (ASC-H)

Context and objective: The latest update of the Bethesda System divided the category of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) into ASC-US (undetermined significance) and ASC-H (high-grade intraepithelial lesion cannot be ruled out). The aims here were to measure the prevalence of pre-invasive lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN II/III) and cervical cancer among patients referred to Instituto Fernandes Figueira (IFF) with ASC-H cytology, and compare them with ASC-US cases. Design and setting: Cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection, at the IFF Cervical Pathology outpatient clinic. Methods: ASCUS cases referred to IFF from November 1997 to September 2007 were reviewed according to the 2001 Bethesda System to reach cytological consensus. The resulting ASC-H and ASC-US cases, along with new cases, were analyzed relative to the outcome of interest...

Contexto e objetivo: A última atualização do Sistema Bethesda dividiu a categoria de células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (ASCUS) em ASC-US (de significado indeterminado) e ASC-H (quando não se pode excluir lesão intra-epitelial de alto grau). Os objetivos deste estudo foram medir a prevalência da lesão pré-invasiva (Neoplasia Intra-epitelial Cervical, NIC II/III) e câncer cervical, de pacientes que foram encaminhadas ao Instituto Fernandes Figueira (IFF), com citologia ASC-H e compará-la com os casos ASC-US. Tipo de estudo e local: Estudo transversal com coleta de dados retrospectiva, que ocorreu no ambulatório de Patologia Cervical do IFF. Métodos: Casos com diagnóstico de ASCUS recebidos no IFF entre novembro de 1997 a setembro de 2007, foram revisados de acordo com o Sistema Bethesda 2001 até um diagnóstico de consenso. Os casos ASC-H e ASC-US resultantes desta revisão, e os casos novos, foram analisados em relação ao desfecho de interesse...

Prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades II/III and cervical cancer in patients with cytological diagnosis of atypical squamous cells when high-grade intraepithelial lesions (ASC-H) cannot be ruled out.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The latest update of the Bethesda System divided the category of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) into ASC-US (undetermined significance) and ASC-H (high-grade intraepithelial lesion cannot be ruled out). The aims here were to measure the prevalence of pre-invasive lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN II/III) and cervical cancer among patients referred to Instituto Fernandes Figueira (IFF) with ASC-H cytology, and compare them with ASC-US cases. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection, at the IFF Cervical Pathology outpatient clinic. METHODS: ASCUS cases referred to IFF from November 1997 to September 2007 were reviewed according to the 2001 Bethesda System to reach cytological consensus. The resulting ASC-H and ASC-US cases, along with new cases, were analyzed relative to the outcome of interest. The histological diagnosis (or cytocolposcopic follow-up in cases without such diagnosis) was taken as the gold standard. RESULTS: The prevalence of CIN II/III in cases with ASC-H cytology was 19.29% (95% confidence interval, CI, 9.05-29.55%) and the risk of these lesions was greater among patients with ASC-H than with ASC-US cytology (prevalence ratio, PR, 10.42; 95% CI, 2.39-45.47; P = 0.0000764). Pre-invasive lesions were more frequently found in patients under 50 years of age with ASC-H cytology (PR, 2.67; 95% CI, 0.38-18.83); P = 0.2786998). There were no uterine cervical cancer cases. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CIN II/III in patients with ASC-H cytology was significantly higher than with ASC-US, and division into ASC diagnostic subcategories had good capacity for discriminating the presence of pre-invasive lesions.

Cistos mamários - qual o seu significado? / Breast cysts - what do they mean?

Os cistos fazem parte de uma variedade de alterações benignas da mama, designadas como mudanças fibrocísticas, e constituem uma das causas mais freqüentes de tumores mamários. O exame clínico, isoladamente, é incapaz de estabelecer o diagnóstico de um cisto mamário. Geralmente é uma lesão assintomática, sendo diagnosticada por métodos de imagem. A acurácia do ultra-som para a identificação de cistos é próxima dos 100 porcento quanto presente massa anecóica oval, redonda ou lobulada, de contorno circunscrito, com reforço acústico posterior. Segundo o sistema BI-RADS para ultra-sonografia, os cistos podem ser divididos em simples, microcistos agrupados, complicados e complexos, sendo classificados em : categoria 2 (benigna) os cistos simples, categoria 3 (provavelmente benigna) para os microcistos agrupados e os cistos complicados e categoria 4 (suspeita) para os cistos complexos. A abordagem terapêutica dos cistos mamários deve ser individualizada de acordo com sua apresentação e o perfil psicológico de cada paciente. Atualmente, não se justificam medidas radicais na abordagem terapêutica destas lesões, visto que sua natureza é eminentemente benigna. É mister que os ginecologistas e mastologistas estejam informados e atualizados para utilizar racionalmente os recursos propedêuticos, otimizando tanto o benefício psíquico e clínico das pacientes como os custos decorrentes de exames e terapêuticas desnecessárias na abordagem dos diferentes tipos de cistos mamários.

Gestão do conhecimento: diferencial competitivo nas organizações

A partir da II Jornada de Psicologia do Trabalho: Gestão do conhecimento: diferencial competitivo nas organizações surgiu a idéia de realizarmos o presente trabalho, buscando a reflexão e o apronfudamento deste assunto. A velocidade das informações e as constantes mudanças desafiam as organizações contemporãneas a aprender a aprender. O conhecimento não é apenas teórico, perpassa pelo vínculo, pelo afeto e pelo prazer. Com isto, através de uma revisão bibliográfica, objetivamos aprofundar como se processa o conhecimento ao longo do desenvolvimento humano e as repercussões deste processo na vida adulta nas relações de trabalho

Inovaçäo curricular no Planalto Central / Curriculum innovation in the Central Plateau

Enfoca a criaçäo da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da UNB que ilustra uma das poucas iniciativas inovadoras, que incorporavam uma reflexäo crítica ao modelo fictício de departamentos, onde o sistema de cátedras minava as possibilidades reais de integraçäo. (AU)

Carcinoma metaplásico de mama / Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast

O carcinoma metaplásico de mama é uma forma rara de câncer, algumas vezes de evoluçäo rápida, de prognóstico incerto, representando menos de 5 por cento dos cânceres de mama. Vários termos têm sido utilizados para denominar esta afecçäo. Neste trabalho, relatamos um caso de carcinoma metaplásico heterólogo concróide diagnosticando por meio de estudo citológico com punçäo aspirativa com agulha fina e confirmaçäo histopatógica posterior. Em alguns casos faz-se necessária a utilizaçäo de técnicas imuno-histoquímicas e/ou usoo da microscopia eletrônica, que demonstraram a diferenciaçäo mesequimal desses carcinomas, fornecendo diagnóstico definitivo

Métodos antropométricos para avaliaçäo do estado nutricional de adultos / Anthropometric evaluation of the nutritional status

O presente artigo descreve os dados de antropometria utilizados para avaliaçäo do estado nutricional de indivíduos adultos. As seguintes medidas antropométricas säo comentadas: peso, altura, circunferência do braço e pregas cutâneas. Também säo descritas as medidas derivadas já citadas, como por exemplo, circunferência muscular e índice de gordura do braço. Conclue-se que a antropometria é um método näo invasivo, de fácil execuçäo, rápido, de baixo custo e que tem valor preditivo acurado para identificar populaçöes de risco nutricional e de saúde em geral