The knowledge of primary health care professionals regarding mental health: diagnosis by mhGAP.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze knowledge about priority topics in mental health care of strategic actors who work in regions where the Health Care Planning (PAS) methodology is used. METHODS: This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, and observational study carried out with professionals from six health regions, distributed in three Brazilian states (Goiás, Rondônia and Maranhão) and linked to the project "Saúde mental na APS" (Mental health in PHC) of the Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Institucional do Sistema Único de Saúde (Proadi-SUS - Institutional Development Support Program of the Brazilian Unified Health System). The sample was made up of professionals who participated in the intervention guide multiplier training stage for mental, neurological and alcohol and other drug use disorders in the primary health care network, from July to September 2022. Data collection was through a self-administered instrument, in electronic format, consisting of a block with socioeconomic items and a structured questionnaire to assess participants' knowledge about priority topics in mental health. Descriptive analyses and comparison of proportions were conducted to analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of 354 health professionals participated in the study. Regarding the percentage of correct answers in the questionnaire on priority topics in mental health, the highest medians were identified in the "Depression" module. On the other hand, the content referring to the modules "Essential care and practices" and "Other important complaints" presented the lowest values. Furthermore, some participant characteristics were found to be associated with the percentage of correct answers in the questionnaire modules. CONCLUSIONS: The findings reveal opportunities for improvement, mainly in knowledge related to communication skills and the approach to emotional and physical distress without diagnostic criteria for a specific disease, offering support for planning actions aimed at intensifying the consideration of these themes during the operational stages of PAS.

Barriers and Facilitators to Integrating Depression Treatment Within a TB Program and Primary Care in Brazil.

Tuberculosis (TB) and depression is common and is associated with poor TB outcomes. The World Health Organization End TB Strategy explicitly calls for the integration of TB and mental health services. Interpersonal Counseling (IPC) is a brief evidence-based treatment for depression that can be delivered by non-mental health specialists with expert supervision. The goal of this study was to explore potential barriers and facilitators to training non-specialist providers to deliver IPC within the TB Control Program and primary care in Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro state. Data collection consisted of six focus groups (n = 42) with health professionals (n = 29), program coordinators (n = 7), and persons with TB (n = 6). We used open coding to analyze the data, followed by deductive coding using the Chaudoir multi-level framework for implementation outcomes. The main structural barriers identified were poverty, limited access to treatment, political instability, violence, and social stigma. Organizational barriers included an overburdened and under-resourced health system with high staff turnover. Despite high levels of stress and burnout among health professionals, several provider-level facilitators emerged including a high receptivity to, and demand for, mental health training; strong community relationships through the community health workers; and overall acceptance of IPC delivered by any type of health provider. Patients were also receptive to IPC being delivered by any type of professional. No intervention-specific barriers or facilitators were identified. Despite many challenges, integrating depression treatment into primary care in Itaboraí using IPC was perceived as acceptable, feasible, and desirable.

The covid-19 pandemic and hospital morbidity due to mental and behavioral disorders in Brazil: an interrupted time series analysis, from January 2008 to July 2021.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze records of hospitalizations due to mental and behavioral disorders before and after the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil, from January 2008 to July 2021. METHODS: this was a descriptive ecological interrupted time series study, using secondary data retrieved from the Brazilian National Health System Hospital Information System; a time series analysis of hospitalizations was conducted based on a population-weighted Poisson regression model; relative risk (RR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. RESULTS: we identified 6,329,088 hospitalizations due to mental and behavioral disorders; hospitalization rates showed an 8% decrease (RR = 0.92; 95%CI 0.91;0.92) after the start of the pandemic, compared to the pre-pandemic period. CONCLUSION: the pandemic changed the trend of hospitalizations due to mental and behavioral disorders in Brazil; the drop observed in the period is evidence that the pandemic affected the mental health care network.

A pandemia de covid-19 e a morbidade hospitalar por transtorno mental e comportamental no Brasil: uma análise de série temporal interrompida, janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2021 / La pandemia de covid-19 y la morbilidad hospitalaria por trastornos mentales y del comportamiento en Brasil: un análisis de series temporales interrompidas, de enero de 2008 a julio de 2021 / The covid-19 pandemic and hospital morbidity due to mental and behavioral disorders in Brazil: an interrupted time series analysis, from January 2008 to July 2021

Objective: to analyze records of hospitalizations due to mental and behavioral disorders before and after the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil, from January 2008 to July 2021. Methods: this was a descriptive ecological interrupted time series study, using secondary data retrieved from the Brazilian National Health System Hospital Information System; a time series analysis of hospitalizations was conducted based on a population-weighted Poisson regression model; relative risk (RR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. Results: we identified 6,329,088 hospitalizations due to mental and behavioral disorders; hospitalization rates showed an 8% decrease (RR = 0.92; 95%CI 0.91;0.92) after the start of the pandemic, compared to the pre-pandemic period. Conclusion: the pandemic changed the trend of hospitalizations due to mental and behavioral disorders in Brazil; the drop observed in the period is evidence that the pandemic affected the mental health care network.

Objetivo: analizar las hospitalizaciones por trastornos mentales y del comportamiento antes y después del inicio de la pandemia de covid-19 en Brasil, desde enero 2008 hasta julio 2021. Método: estudio ecológico descriptivo de series temporales interrumpidas, con datos registrados en el Sistema de Informações Hospitalares del Sistema Único de Saúde; se realizó un análisis de series temporales de hospitalizaciones basado en modelo de regresión de Poisson, ponderado por la población; calculado el riesgo relativo (RR), con intervalo de confianza del (IC95%). Resultados: se identificaron 6.329.088 hospitalizaciones por trastornos mentales y del comportamiento; las tasas de hospitalización mostraron disminución del 8% (RR = 0,92; IC95% 0,91;0,92) tras el inicio de la pandemia, en relación con el periodo prepandémico. Conclusión: la pandemia cambió la tendencia de hospitalizaciones por trastornos mentales y del comportamiento en Brasil; la caída observada en el período evidencia que la pandemia afectó la cadena asistencial estructurada para la salud mental.

Objetivo: analisar as internações por transtorno mental e comportamental, antes e após o início da pandemia de covid-19 no Brasil, de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2021. Métodos: estudo ecológico descritivo de série temporal interrompida, com dados registrados no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS); realizada análise da série temporal das internações baseada em um modelo de regressão de Poisson, ponderado pela população; calculado o risco relativo (RR), com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: foram identificadas 6.329.088 internações por transtornos mentais e comportamentais; as taxas de internação apresentaram um decréscimo de 8% (RR = 0,92; IC95% 0,91;0,92) após o início da pandemia, em relação ao período pré-pandemia. Conclusão: a pandemia modificou a tendência das internações por transtornos mentais e comportamentais no Brasil; a queda observada no período é evidência de que a pandemia afetou a cadeia de cuidado estruturada para saúde mental.

[Mental health indicators in primary healthcare: assessment of the quality of access through case detection capacity]. / Indicadores de saúde mental na atenção primária à saúde: avaliando a qualidade do acesso através da capacidade de detecção de casos.

The objective was to demonstrate the rate of detection of mental disorders in primary healthcare units as a marker of access and indicator of care in mental health. A comparative case study was performed in the electronic patient files of adults seen in two neighboring primary care units in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. Diagnoses of mental disorders were extracted, using the International Classification of Diseases, dividing them into three groups: common mental disorders (CMD: F32; F33 F40-45, except F42, and R45), severe mental disorders (SMD: F20-F29; F31-F39), and alcohol and drug use (AD: F10-F19 and Z72). The results were compared to the community prevalence of mental disorders reported in the literature. Statistical analysis was applied with the chi-square test, in addition to a qualitative analysis of each unit´s scenario. Unit A (2015-2016) showed a low detection rate for all disorders [SMD = 45 (0.8%); CMD = 148 (2.64%) and AD = 0]; unit B detected about 50% of the expected cases [SMD = 23 (0.98%); CMD = 140 (5.97%) and AD = 130 (5.54%)]. In 2016-2017 there was an increase in the overall detection of mental disorders at unit A [SMD = 89 (1.6%); CMD = 298 (5.24%) and AD = 7 (0.12%)], in unit B the detection rate remained similar [SMD = 25 (1.0%); CMD = 176 (7.14%) and AD = 121 (4.9%)]. Changes in the units were detected. Distinction in the detection rate was used as an indicator for analysis of mental health care, allowing the study of factors potentially associated with this variation, influencing access to care. Monitoring this indicator helps improve mental health care.

O objetivo foi demonstrar a frequência de detecção de transtornos mentais em unidades da atenção primária como marcador de acesso e indicador de cuidado em saúde mental. Realizou-se estudo de caso comparativo nos prontuários eletrônicos dos pacientes adultos atendidos em duas unidades de atenção primária vizinhas na cidade do no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre 2015-2016 e 2016-2017. Extraíram-se os diagnósticos feitos de transtornos mentais, utilizando-se da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID), dividindo-os em três grupos: transtornos mentais comuns (TMC: F32; F33; F40-45 - exceto F42 - e R45), transtornos mentais graves (TMG: F20-F29; F31-F39) e uso de álcool e drogas (AD: F10-F19 e Z72). Compararam-se os resultados com a prevalência comunitária de transtornos mentais encontrada na literatura. Foi aplicada análise estatística, teste qui-quadrado, além de análise qualitativa do cenário de cada unidade. Unidade A (2015-2016) apresentou baixo índice de detecção de todos os transtornos [TMG = 45 (0,8%); TMC = 148 (2,64%) e AD = 0]; e, na unidade B, foram detectados cerca de 50% dos casos esperados [TMG = 23 (0,98%); TMC = 140 (5,97%); AD = 130 (5,54%)]. Entre 2016-2017, verificou-se um aumento da detecção geral de transtornos mentais na unidade A [TMG = 89 (1,6%); TMC = 298 (5,24%); AD = 7 (0,12%)]; na unidade B, a detecção manteve-se semelhante [TMG = 25 (1,0%); TMC = 176 (7,14%) e AD = 121 (4,9%)]. Mudanças nas unidades foram detectadas. A distinção no índice de detecção foi utilizada como indicador para análise do cuidado em saúde mental, permitindo um estudo dos fatores que podem estar associados a essa variação, influenciando o acesso aos cuidados. O monitoramento desse indicador auxilia na qualificação do cuidado em saúde mental.

El objetivo fue demostrar la frecuencia de detección de trastornos mentales en unidades de atención primaria como marcador de acceso e indicador de cuidado en salud mental. Estudio de caso comparativo con formularios electrónicos de los pacientes adultos atendidos en dos unidades de atención primaria cercanas a la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, entre 2015-2016 y 2016-2017. Se extrajeron los diagnósticos realizados de trastornos mentales, utilizándose de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, dividiéndolos en tres grupos: trastornos mentales comunes (TMC: F32; F33 F40-45, excepto F42 y R 45), trastornos mentales graves (TMG: F20-F29; F31-F39) y consumo de alcohol y drogas (AD: F10-F19 y Z72). Se compararon los resultados con la prevalencia comunitaria de trastornos mentales encontrada en la literatura. Se aplicó análisis estadístico, test chi-cuadrado, además de un análisis cualitativo del escenario de cada unidad. Unidad A (2015-2016) presentó un bajo índice de detección de todos los trastornos [TMG = 45 (0,8%); TMC = 148 (2,64%) y AD = 0]; unidad B fueron detectados cerca de un 50% de los casos esperados [TMG = 23 (0,98%), TMC = 140 95,97%) y AD = 130 (5,54%)]. Entre 2016-2017 se verificó un aumento de la detección general de trastornos mentales en la unidad A [TMG = 89 (1,6%); TMC = 298 (5,24%) y AD = 7 (0,12%)], unidad B la detección se mantuvo semejante [TMG = 25 (1,0%); TMC = 176 (7,14%) y AD = 121 (4,9%)]. Se detectaron cambios en las unidades. La distinción en el índice de detección fue utilizada como indicador para el análisis del cuidado en salud mental, permitiendo un estudio de los factores que pueden estar asociados a esta variación, influenciando en el acceso a los cuidados. La supervisión de este indicador ayuda en la cualificación del cuidado en salud mental.

[Matrix Support in Mental Health: analysis of care provided to people in psychic distress in Primary Care]. / Matriciamento em Saúde Mental: análise do cuidado às pessoas em sofrimento psíquico na Atenção Básica.

The prevalence of emotional distress in the population attended by the teams of the Family Health Strategy is high, however the training of the Primary Care professionals in Mental Health care is inadequate. Matrix Support, provided through the Family Health Support Centers, is considered fundamental in the provision of such care. The scope of this study is to assess the training in mental health in primary care through matrix support actions in mental health. A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted in the secondary database of the 2012 National Program for the Enhancement of the Access to and the Quality of Primary Health Care. The associations between many matrix support activities in mental health and the development of comprehensive care strategies were analyzed. It revealed that 60% of the teams carry out Matrix Support actions in Mental Health, and qualified care strategies in mental health are performed at least twice as often when those activities are present. The most significant activities are discussion of cases, joint physician appointments, and the creation of therapeutic projects. The conclusion drawn is that this study provides quantitative evidence that the development of shared actions is decisive for the provision of mental health care in primary care.

A prevalência de sofrimento emocional na população atendida pelas equipes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) é alta, mas a capacitação dos profissionais da Atenção Básica (AB) para o cuidado em Saúde Mental (SM) é inadequada. O Apoio Matricial (AM), através dos Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF), tem sido considerado como fundamental na qualificação deste cuidado. Tem-se como objetivo analisar a qualificação do cuidado em SM na AB através das ações de Apoio Matricial em Saúde Mental (AMSM). Trata-se de estudo quantitativo (corte transversal) em base de dados secundária do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB), de 2012. Foram analisadas as associações entre a realização das diversas ações de matriciamento em SM e o desenvolvimento das estratégias de cuidado integral, avaliadas no instrumento. Verificou-se que 60% das equipes realizam ações de AMSM e que as estratégias de cuidado qualificadas em SM são realizadas pelo menos duas vezes mais quando estas ações estão presentes, destacando-se as ações de discussões de caso, consultas conjuntas e construção de projetos terapêuticos (PTS). Este estudo traz evidências quantitativas de que o desenvolvimento de ações compartilhadas é determinante para qualificação do cuidado em SM na AB.

Matriciamento em Saúde Mental: análise do cuidado às pessoas em sofrimento psíquico na Atenção Básica / Matrix Support in Mental Health: analysis of care provided to people in psychic distress in Primary Care

Resumo A prevalência de sofrimento emocional na população atendida pelas equipes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) é alta, mas a capacitação dos profissionais da Atenção Básica (AB) para o cuidado em Saúde Mental (SM) é inadequada. O Apoio Matricial (AM), através dos Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF), tem sido considerado como fundamental na qualificação deste cuidado. Tem-se como objetivo analisar a qualificação do cuidado em SM na AB através das ações de Apoio Matricial em Saúde Mental (AMSM). Trata-se de estudo quantitativo (corte transversal) em base de dados secundária do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB), de 2012. Foram analisadas as associações entre a realização das diversas ações de matriciamento em SM e o desenvolvimento das estratégias de cuidado integral, avaliadas no instrumento. Verificou-se que 60% das equipes realizam ações de AMSM e que as estratégias de cuidado qualificadas em SM são realizadas pelo menos duas vezes mais quando estas ações estão presentes, destacando-se as ações de discussões de caso, consultas conjuntas e construção de projetos terapêuticos (PTS). Este estudo traz evidências quantitativas de que o desenvolvimento de ações compartilhadas é determinante para qualificação do cuidado em SM na AB.

Abstract The prevalence of emotional distress in the population attended by the teams of the Family Health Strategy is high, however the training of the Primary Care professionals in Mental Health care is inadequate. Matrix Support, provided through the Family Health Support Centers, is considered fundamental in the provision of such care. The scope of this study is to assess the training in mental health in primary care through matrix support actions in mental health. A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted in the secondary database of the 2012 National Program for the Enhancement of the Access to and the Quality of Primary Health Care. The associations between many matrix support activities in mental health and the development of comprehensive care strategies were analyzed. It revealed that 60% of the teams carry out Matrix Support actions in Mental Health, and qualified care strategies in mental health are performed at least twice as often when those activities are present. The most significant activities are discussion of cases, joint physician appointments, and the creation of therapeutic projects. The conclusion drawn is that this study provides quantitative evidence that the development of shared actions is decisive for the provision of mental health care in primary care.

[The impact of territorial care in the treatment of people diagnosed with schizophrenia and delusional disorders in a Rio de Janeiro community]. / El impacto del cuidado territorial en el tratamiento de personas diagnosticadas con esquizofrenia y trastornos delirantes en una comunidad en Río de Janeiro.

Care for people diagnosed with schizophrenia and delusional disorders involves many challenges, especially in territorial contexts of pronounced social vulnerability. In Rio de Janeiro, the two decades after the passing of Federal Law 10,216 on Psychiatric Reform in 2001 have been characterized by the transition from a hospital-centered model to one based on community services. Taking the case of a community in Rio de Janeiro, data was extracted from the medical records of 94 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizotypal disorders, and delusional disorders (ICD-10 codes F20 to F29) in five public health services. Covering the period from 2003 to 2016, indicators of the quality of treatment provided were analyzed. As a result of this transition, psychiatric hospitals have all but emptied and a low number of currently untreated patients can be observed. In addition, crisis care and long-term hospitalizations have been replaced by territorial care, and clinical comorbidities are monitored and treated at Family Health Units.

El cuidado de personas diagnosticadas con trastornos esquizofrénicos y delirantes representa un desafío, especialmente, en territorios de gran vulnerabilidad social. En Río de Janeiro, con la promulgación de la Ley Federal 10216 de 2001 sobre la Reforma Psiquiátrica, las últimas dos décadas se han caracterizado por la transición del modelo centrado en el hospital al modelo basado en los servicios comunitarios. Utilizando el caso de una comunidad de Río de Janeiro, se seleccionaron cinco servicios de salud pública y se extrajeron datos de los registros médicos de 94 pacientes con diagnósticos de esquizofrenia, trastornos esquizotípicos y trastornos delirantes (codificados en la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades 10 edición entre los códigos F20 a F29) y se analizaron indicadores de calidad del tratamiento ofrecido en el período 2003-2016. Como resultado de la transición se observa que los hospitales psiquiátricos quedaron casi vacíos con un bajo número de pacientes actualmente desatendidos. Además, la atención a la crisis y las hospitalizaciones a largo plazo se reemplazaron por la atención territorial y las comorbilidades clínicas se monitorean y se tratan en unidades de salud familiar.

El impacto del cuidado territorial en el tratamiento de personas diagnosticadas con esquizofrenia y trastornos delirantes en una comunidad en Río de Janeiro / The impact of territorial care in the treatment of people diagnosed with schizophrenia and delusional disorders in a Rio de Janeiro community

RESUMEN El cuidado de personas diagnosticadas con trastornos esquizofrénicos y delirantes representa un desafío, especialmente, en territorios de gran vulnerabilidad social. En Río de Janeiro, con la promulgación de la Ley Federal 10216 de 2001 sobre la Reforma Psiquiátrica, las últimas dos décadas se han caracterizado por la transición del modelo centrado en el hospital al modelo basado en los servicios comunitarios. Utilizando el caso de una comunidad de Río de Janeiro, se seleccionaron cinco servicios de salud pública y se extrajeron datos de los registros médicos de 94 pacientes con diagnósticos de esquizofrenia, trastornos esquizotípicos y trastornos delirantes (codificados en la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades 10 edición entre los códigos F20 a F29) y se analizaron indicadores de calidad del tratamiento ofrecido en el período 2003-2016. Como resultado de la transición se observa que los hospitales psiquiátricos quedaron casi vacíos con un bajo número de pacientes actualmente desatendidos. Además, la atención a la crisis y las hospitalizaciones a largo plazo se reemplazaron por la atención territorial y las comorbilidades clínicas se monitorean y se tratan en unidades de salud familiar.

ABSTRACT Care for people diagnosed with schizophrenia and delusional disorders involves many challenges, especially in territorial contexts of pronounced social vulnerability. In Rio de Janeiro, the two decades after the passing of Federal Law 10,216 on Psychiatric Reform in 2001 have been characterized by the transition from a hospital-centered model to one based on community services. Taking the case of a community in Rio de Janeiro, data was extracted from the medical records of 94 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizotypal disorders, and delusional disorders (ICD-10 codes F20 to F29) in five public health services. Covering the period from 2003 to 2016, indicators of the quality of treatment provided were analyzed. As a result of this transition, psychiatric hospitals have all but emptied and a low number of currently untreated patients can be observed. In addition, crisis care and long-term hospitalizations have been replaced by territorial care, and clinical comorbidities are monitored and treated at Family Health Units.

Indicadores de saúde mental na atenção primária à saúde: avaliando a qualidade do acesso através da capacidade de detecção de casos / Mental health indicators in primary healthcare: assessment of the quality of access through case detection capacity / Indicadores de salud mental en la atención primaria de salud: evaluando la calidad del acceso a través de la capacidad de detección de casos

O objetivo foi demonstrar a frequência de detecção de transtornos mentais em unidades da atenção primária como marcador de acesso e indicador de cuidado em saúde mental. Realizou-se estudo de caso comparativo nos prontuários eletrônicos dos pacientes adultos atendidos em duas unidades de atenção primária vizinhas na cidade do no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre 2015-2016 e 2016-2017. Extraíram-se os diagnósticos feitos de transtornos mentais, utilizando-se da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID), dividindo-os em três grupos: transtornos mentais comuns (TMC: F32; F33; F40-45 - exceto F42 - e R45), transtornos mentais graves (TMG: F20-F29; F31-F39) e uso de álcool e drogas (AD: F10-F19 e Z72). Compararam-se os resultados com a prevalência comunitária de transtornos mentais encontrada na literatura. Foi aplicada análise estatística, teste qui-quadrado, além de análise qualitativa do cenário de cada unidade. Unidade A (2015-2016) apresentou baixo índice de detecção de todos os transtornos [TMG = 45 (0,8%); TMC = 148 (2,64%) e AD = 0]; e, na unidade B, foram detectados cerca de 50% dos casos esperados [TMG = 23 (0,98%); TMC = 140 (5,97%); AD = 130 (5,54%)]. Entre 2016-2017, verificou-se um aumento da detecção geral de transtornos mentais na unidade A [TMG = 89 (1,6%); TMC = 298 (5,24%); AD = 7 (0,12%)]; na unidade B, a detecção manteve-se semelhante [TMG = 25 (1,0%); TMC = 176 (7,14%) e AD = 121 (4,9%)]. Mudanças nas unidades foram detectadas. A distinção no índice de detecção foi utilizada como indicador para análise do cuidado em saúde mental, permitindo um estudo dos fatores que podem estar associados a essa variação, influenciando o acesso aos cuidados. O monitoramento desse indicador auxilia na qualificação do cuidado em saúde mental.

The objective was to demonstrate the rate of detection of mental disorders in primary healthcare units as a marker of access and indicator of care in mental health. A comparative case study was performed in the electronic patient files of adults seen in two neighboring primary care units in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. Diagnoses of mental disorders were extracted, using the International Classification of Diseases, dividing them into three groups: common mental disorders (CMD: F32; F33 F40-45, except F42, and R45), severe mental disorders (SMD: F20-F29; F31-F39), and alcohol and drug use (AD: F10-F19 and Z72). The results were compared to the community prevalence of mental disorders reported in the literature. Statistical analysis was applied with the chi-square test, in addition to a qualitative analysis of each unit´s scenario. Unit A (2015-2016) showed a low detection rate for all disorders [SMD = 45 (0.8%); CMD = 148 (2.64%) and AD = 0]; unit B detected about 50% of the expected cases [SMD = 23 (0.98%); CMD = 140 (5.97%) and AD = 130 (5.54%)]. In 2016-2017 there was an increase in the overall detection of mental disorders at unit A [SMD = 89 (1.6%); CMD = 298 (5.24%) and AD = 7 (0.12%)], in unit B the detection rate remained similar [SMD = 25 (1.0%); CMD = 176 (7.14%) and AD = 121 (4.9%)]. Changes in the units were detected. Distinction in the detection rate was used as an indicator for analysis of mental health care, allowing the study of factors potentially associated with this variation, influencing access to care. Monitoring this indicator helps improve mental health care.

El objetivo fue demostrar la frecuencia de detección de trastornos mentales en unidades de atención primaria como marcador de acceso e indicador de cuidado en salud mental. Estudio de caso comparativo con formularios electrónicos de los pacientes adultos atendidos en dos unidades de atención primaria cercanas a la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, entre 2015-2016 y 2016-2017. Se extrajeron los diagnósticos realizados de trastornos mentales, utilizándose de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, dividiéndolos en tres grupos: trastornos mentales comunes (TMC: F32; F33 F40-45, excepto F42 y R 45), trastornos mentales graves (TMG: F20-F29; F31-F39) y consumo de alcohol y drogas (AD: F10-F19 y Z72). Se compararon los resultados con la prevalencia comunitaria de trastornos mentales encontrada en la literatura. Se aplicó análisis estadístico, test chi-cuadrado, además de un análisis cualitativo del escenario de cada unidad. Unidad A (2015-2016) presentó un bajo índice de detección de todos los trastornos [TMG = 45 (0,8%); TMC = 148 (2,64%) y AD = 0]; unidad B fueron detectados cerca de un 50% de los casos esperados [TMG = 23 (0,98%), TMC = 140 95,97%) y AD = 130 (5,54%)]. Entre 2016-2017 se verificó un aumento de la detección general de trastornos mentales en la unidad A [TMG = 89 (1,6%); TMC = 298 (5,24%) y AD = 7 (0,12%)], unidad B la detección se mantuvo semejante [TMG = 25 (1,0%); TMC = 176 (7,14%) y AD = 121 (4,9%)]. Se detectaron cambios en las unidades. La distinción en el índice de detección fue utilizada como indicador para el análisis del cuidado en salud mental, permitiendo un estudio de los factores que pueden estar asociados a esta variación, influenciando en el acceso a los cuidados. La supervisión de este indicador ayuda en la cualificación del cuidado en salud mental.

Matrix support in Mental Health: narrative revision of the concepts horizontality and supervision and their practical implications. / Apoio Matricial em Saúde Mental: revisão narrativa do uso dos conceitos horizontalidade e supervisão e suas implicações nas práticas.

The Matrix Support (MS) is one of the cornerstones of the integration between Primary Health Care (PHC) professionals and Mental Health professionals (MH). A narrative review was conducted on the articles on MS in MH published in national databases from 1998 to 2017, considering a brief history of the PHC reorganization processes that led to the creation of the MS proposal. The aim was to understand the meanings attributed to the terms "horizontality" and "supervision" as well as the descriptions of the "matrix support" itself. We sought to identify factors contributing to the difficulties that have been described in the practices and literature, based on the assumption that these concepts are polysemous and it is possible to generate ambiguities that operate to the detriment of interprofessional practices. Based on the analysis of the selected articles, we were able to conclude that, in addition to polysemy, the obstacles' force lies in the hegemonic model of professional Health training, as it is traditional, hierarchical and uni-professional, and hinders the development of dialogic relations that favor the integration of the matrix support teams and PHC and consequent resolubility and quality of care.

O Apoio Matricial (AM) é considerado um dos pilares da integração entre os profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e os profissionais de Saúde Mental (SM). À luz de um breve histórico dos processos de reorganização da APS que levaram à criação da proposta de AM e de considerações sobre seus conceitos fundantes, realizou-se uma revisão narrativa dos artigos sobre AM em SM publicados nas bases de dados nacionais de 1998-2017. Procurou-se compreender os sentidos atribuídos aos termos "horizontalidade" e "supervisão", assim como as descrições de AM. Buscou-se identificar fatores contribuintes para as dificuldades que têm sido descritas nas práticas, partindo-se do pressuposto de que estes conceitos são polissêmicos e podem gerar ambiguidades que operam prejudicando as ações interprofissionais. Dos 106 artigos encontrados, 39 citaram o termo "horizontalidade' e 29 citaram "supervisão". Na análise destes textos concluiu-se que, para além da polissemia, os obstáculos têm sua força no modelo ainda hegemônico de formação profissional em Saúde, tradicional, hierárquico e uni-profissional dificultando o desenvolvimento de relações dialógicas que favoreçam a integração das equipes de apoio matricial e da APS e consequente resolubilidade e qualidade assistencial.

Apoio Matricial em Saúde Mental: revisão narrativa do uso dos conceitos horizontalidade e supervisão e suas implicações nas práticas / Matrix support in Mental Health: narrative revision of the concepts horizontality and supervision and their practical implications

Resumo O Apoio Matricial (AM) é considerado um dos pilares da integração entre os profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e os profissionais de Saúde Mental (SM). À luz de um breve histórico dos processos de reorganização da APS que levaram à criação da proposta de AM e de considerações sobre seus conceitos fundantes, realizou-se uma revisão narrativa dos artigos sobre AM em SM publicados nas bases de dados nacionais de 1998-2017. Procurou-se compreender os sentidos atribuídos aos termos "horizontalidade" e "supervisão", assim como as descrições de AM. Buscou-se identificar fatores contribuintes para as dificuldades que têm sido descritas nas práticas, partindo-se do pressuposto de que estes conceitos são polissêmicos e podem gerar ambiguidades que operam prejudicando as ações interprofissionais. Dos 106 artigos encontrados, 39 citaram o termo "horizontalidade' e 29 citaram "supervisão". Na análise destes textos concluiu-se que, para além da polissemia, os obstáculos têm sua força no modelo ainda hegemônico de formação profissional em Saúde, tradicional, hierárquico e uni-profissional dificultando o desenvolvimento de relações dialógicas que favoreçam a integração das equipes de apoio matricial e da APS e consequente resolubilidade e qualidade assistencial.

Abstract The Matrix Support (MS) is one of the cornerstones of the integration between Primary Health Care (PHC) professionals and Mental Health professionals (MH). A narrative review was conducted on the articles on MS in MH published in national databases from 1998 to 2017, considering a brief history of the PHC reorganization processes that led to the creation of the MS proposal. The aim was to understand the meanings attributed to the terms "horizontality" and "supervision" as well as the descriptions of the "matrix support" itself. We sought to identify factors contributing to the difficulties that have been described in the practices and literature, based on the assumption that these concepts are polysemous and it is possible to generate ambiguities that operate to the detriment of interprofessional practices. Based on the analysis of the selected articles, we were able to conclude that, in addition to polysemy, the obstacles' force lies in the hegemonic model of professional Health training, as it is traditional, hierarchical and uni-professional, and hinders the development of dialogic relations that favor the integration of the matrix support teams and PHC and consequent resolubility and quality of care.

Barriers and facilitators of integrating depression and tuberculosis treatment in primary care in Brazil / Barreiras e facilitadores à integração dos serviços de depressão e tuberculose na rede de atenção primária no Brasil

Mental disorders can affect up to 70% of individuals with tuberculosis (TB). The World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy explicitly calls for TB and mental health service integration. The goal of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators to integrating depression treatment in the TB Control Program and primary care system in the municipality of Itaboraí - Rio de Janeiro, using Interpersonal Counseling (IPC). IPC is an evidence-based treatment for depression that can be delivered by non-mental health specialists with expert supervision. This study was conducted between 2016 and 2017 in the municipality of Itaboraí. Data collection consisted of six focus groups (n = 42) with health professionals (n = 29), program coordinators (n = 7) and TB patients (n = 6). The main potential barriers identified were poverty, political instability, an overburdened and under-resourced health system, high levels of distress among professionals, violence in the community and stigma related to mental health and TB. Potential facilitators included a high receptivity to, and demand for, mental health training; strong community relationships through the Community Health Workers (CHW); overall acceptability of IPC delivered by non-specialists for the treatment of depression among individuals with and without comorbid TB. Despite many challenges, integrating depression treatment into primary care in Itaboraí using IPC was perceived as an acceptable and feasible option.

Os transtornos mentais podem afetar até 70% dos indivíduos com tuberculose (TB). A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), como estratégia para o fim da TB, exige a integração do seu tratamento com a saúde mental. O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar as barreiras e facilitadores para integrar serviços de saúde mental no Programa de Controle de Tuberculose (PCT) e em Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) do município de Itaboraí ­ Rio de Janeiro, com a aplicação do Aconselhamento Interpessoal (AIP). O AIP é um tratamento para depressão baseado em evidências que pode ser aplicado por não especialistas em saúde mental com supervisão especializada. Seis grupos focais foram realizados entre 2016 e 2017 no município de Itaboraí. A amostra (n=42) incluiu profissionais de saúde (n=29), coordenadores de programas (n=7) e pacientes com TB (n=6). Os grandes desafios encontrados foram: pobreza, instabilidade política, um sistema de saúde sobrecarregado e com poucos recursos, alta frequência de estresse entre os profissionais, violência na comunidade e estigma relacionado à saúde mental e à TB. Os facilitadores potenciais incluíram uma grande receptividade e demanda para capacitações em saúde mental; boa relação com a comunidade pelos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) e; aceitação geral do AIP aplicado por não especialistas em saúde mental para o tratamento de depressão em pessoas com e sem TB. Apesar de muitos desafios, integrar o tratamento de depressão na atenção primária de Itaboraí aplicando o AIP foi percebido como uma alternativa aceitável e factível.

Grupos de artesanato na atenção primária como apoio em saúde mental de mulheres: estudo de implementação / Community handcraft groups in Primary Care as mental health support for women: an implementation study / Grupos de artesanía en la Atención Primaria como apoyo en salud mental a mujeres: estudio de implementación

Cerca de metade dos pacientes em salas de espera na Atenção Primária à Saúde, possui algum tipo de transtorno mental. Diante disto, são imprescindiveis as ações de promoção, prevenção e cuidado em saúde mental, atuando de forma intersetorial. Analisar a implementação e desenvolvimento dos grupos de convivência. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo da estruturação dos grupos de convivência e artesanato em unidades da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Utilizou-se a metodologia SWOT/FOFA para análise dos dados. Estruturaram-se cinco grupos, atendendo em média 170 mulheres; cerca de 25% delas se dedicou à profissionalização. Verificou-se melhora da autoestima, empoderamento, redução da ansiedade e depressão e maior reconhecimento de suas capacidades. Foram identificados dois níveis de efeitos dos grupos: suporte social e resgate da autoestima, centrados nas atividades na Unidade de Saúde, e geração de renda, com ações externas.

About half of patients in waiting rooms in Primary Health Care have some type of mental disorder. Faced with this, the actions of promotion, prevention and care in mental health are essential, acting in an intersectoral way. To analyze the implementation and development of social groups. This is a qualitative analysis of the structuring of community handcraft groups in Family Health Strategy units. The SWOT / FOFA methodology was used for data analysis. Five groups were structured, attending an average of 170 women, about 25% of them dedicated to professionalization. There was improvement in self-esteem, empowerment, reduction of anxiety and depression, greater recognition of their abilities and achievements. Two types of effects from the groups were identified: social support and self-esteem recovery, centered in activities inside the Health Unit, and income generation, with external actions.

Cerca de mitad de los pacientes en servicios de Atención Primaria a la Salud, tiene trastorno mental. Ante esto, son imprescindibles las acciones de promoción, prevención y cuidado en salud mental, actuando de forma intersectorial. Analizar la implementación y el desarrollo de grupos de convivencia e artesania. Estudio cualitativo de la estructuración de los grupos de convivencia en unidades de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia utilizando la metodología SWOT/FOFA. Se estructuraron cinco grupos, atendiendo a 170 mujeres, cerca del 25% se dedicó a la profesionalización. Se verificó mejora de la autoestima, empoderamiento, reducción de la ansiedad y depresión, reconocimiento de sus capacidades y conquistas. Se identificaron dos tipos de efeitos de los grupos: apoyo social y rescate de la autoestima, centrado en las actividadds en la Unidad de Salud, y generación de ingresos, con acciones externas.

Relationship of alcohol consumption and mental disorders common with the quality of life of patients in primary health care. / Relação do uso de álcool e transtornos mentais comuns com a qualidade de vida de pacientes na atenção primária em saúde.

The objective was to measure the Quality of Life (QoL) of the patients treated in Primary Health Care in the city of Rio de Janeiro and its own association with CMD, alcohol consumption and socio-demographic aspects. This is a cross-sectional study involving 624 patients in 2012/2013, using: General Health Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Screening for Somatoform Symptoms, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test e World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (bref version). There were conducted a bivariate analysis and a multiple linear regressions for each domain of QOL. The QoL score for the domains, physical, psychological, social relationships and environment were: 61,2; 62,6; 66 and 50,9. In multivariate analysis, the QOL was negatively associated to the CMD, especially in the psychological domain (ß = -15,75; p-value = 0,00), and the dependence on physical (ß = -5,38; p-value = 0,05). There was a positive and significant association of the QoL with the risk consumption (ß = 5,77) and the harmful consumption (ß = 6,15) in the environment domain, and with the first in the psychological domain (ß = 7,08). CMD and alcohol dependence are associated with the loss of QOL, but other patterns of consumption, even being harmful are associated with higher QOL.

Objetivou-se mensurar a Qualidade de Vida (QV) de pacientes da Atenção Primária em Saúde do município do Rio de Janeiro e verificar sua associação com Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC), uso de álcool e aspectos sociodemográficos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 624 pacientes em 2012/2013 e aplicação dos instrumentos: "General Health Questionnaire", "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale", "Screening for Somatoform Symptoms", "Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test" e "World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (bref version)". Realizou-se análise bivariada (Teste-t) e regressões lineares múltiplas para cada domínio de QV. Os escores QV para os domínios físico, psicológico, relações sociais e meio-ambiente foram: 61,2; 62,6; 66 e 50,9. Na análise multivariada, a QV associou-se negativamente aos TMC, principalmente no domínio psicológico (ß = -15,75; p-valor = 0,00), e a dependência no domínio físico (ß = -5,38; p-valor = 0,05). Houve associação positiva e significativa da QV com consumo de risco (ß = 5,77) e nocivo (ß = 6,15) no domínio meio ambiente, e com o primeiro no domínio psicológico (ß = 7,08). TMC e a dependência de álcool estão associados à perda da QV, porém outros padrões de consumo, mesmo sendo nocivos, se associaram a maior QV.

Studying ICD-11 Primary Health Care bodily stress syndrome in Brazil: do many functional disorders represent just one syndrome?

Objective: Disorders characterized by "distressing unexplained somatic symptoms" are challenging. In the ICD-11 Primary Health Care (PHC) Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Mental Disorders (ICD-11 PHC), a new category, bodily stress syndrome (BSS), was included to diagnose patients presenting unexplained somatic symptoms. The present study investigated the association of BSS with anxiety, depression, and four subgroups of physical symptoms in a Brazilian primary health care (PHC) sample. Methodology: As part of the international ICD-11 PHC study, 338 patients were evaluated by their primary care physicians, followed by testing with Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R) and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, Version 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). BSS was diagnosed in the presence of at least three somatic symptoms associated with incapacity. The association between anxiety, depression, and four subgroups of physical symptoms with being a BSS case was analyzed. Results: The number of somatic symptoms was high in the overall sample of 338 patients (mean = 8.4), but even higher in the 131 BSS patients (10.2; p < 0.001). Most BSS patients (57.3%) had at least three symptoms from two, three, or four subgroups, and these were associated with anxiety and depression in 80.9% of these patients. The symptom subgroup most strongly associated with "being a BSS" case was the non-specific group (OR = 6.51; 95%CI 1.65-24.34), followed by musculoskeletal (OR = 2,31; 95%CI 1.19-4.72). Conclusion: Somatic symptoms were frequent in a sample of PHC patients in Brazil. In the present sample, one third were BSS cases and met the criteria for at least two symptom subgroups, supporting the hypothesis that different functional symptoms are related to each other.

Relação do uso de álcool e transtornos mentais comuns com a qualidade de vida de pacientes na atenção primária em saúde / Relationship of alcohol consumption and mental disorders common with the quality of life of patients in primary health care

Resumo Objetivou-se mensurar a Qualidade de Vida (QV) de pacientes da Atenção Primária em Saúde do município do Rio de Janeiro e verificar sua associação com Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC), uso de álcool e aspectos sociodemográficos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 624 pacientes em 2012/2013 e aplicação dos instrumentos: "General Health Questionnaire", "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale", "Screening for Somatoform Symptoms", "Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test" e "World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (bref version)". Realizou-se análise bivariada (Teste-t) e regressões lineares múltiplas para cada domínio de QV. Os escores QV para os domínios físico, psicológico, relações sociais e meio-ambiente foram: 61,2; 62,6; 66 e 50,9. Na análise multivariada, a QV associou-se negativamente aos TMC, principalmente no domínio psicológico (β = -15,75; p-valor = 0,00), e a dependência no domínio físico (β = -5,38; p-valor = 0,05). Houve associação positiva e significativa da QV com consumo de risco (β = 5,77) e nocivo (β = 6,15) no domínio meio ambiente, e com o primeiro no domínio psicológico (β = 7,08). TMC e a dependência de álcool estão associados à perda da QV, porém outros padrões de consumo, mesmo sendo nocivos, se associaram a maior QV.

Abstract The objective was to measure the Quality of Life (QoL) of the patients treated in Primary Health Care in the city of Rio de Janeiro and its own association with CMD, alcohol consumption and socio-demographic aspects. This is a cross-sectional study involving 624 patients in 2012/2013, using: General Health Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Screening for Somatoform Symptoms, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test e World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (bref version). There were conducted a bivariate analysis and a multiple linear regressions for each domain of QOL. The QoL score for the domains, physical, psychological, social relationships and environment were: 61,2; 62,6; 66 and 50,9. In multivariate analysis, the QOL was negatively associated to the CMD, especially in the psychological domain (β = -15,75; p-value = 0,00), and the dependence on physical (β = -5,38; p-value = 0,05). There was a positive and significant association of the QoL with the risk consumption (β = 5,77) and the harmful consumption (β = 6,15) in the environment domain, and with the first in the psychological domain (β = 7,08). CMD and alcohol dependence are associated with the loss of QOL, but other patterns of consumption, even being harmful are associated with higher QOL.

Dimensional analysis of depressive, anxious and somatic symptoms presented by primary care patients and their relationship with ICD-11 PHC proposed diagnoses.

BACKGROUND: A study conducted as part of the development of the Eleventh International Classification of Mental Disorders for Primary Health Care (ICD-11 PHC) provided an opportunity to test the relationships among depressive, anxious and somatic symptoms in PHC. METHOD: Primary care physicians participating in the ICD-11 PHC field studies in five countries selected patients who presented with somatic symptoms not explained by known physical pathology by applying a 29-item screening on somatic complaints that were under study for bodily stress disorder. Patients were interviewed using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised and assessed using two five-item scales that measure depressive and anxious symptoms. Structural models of anxious-depressive symptoms and somatic complaints were tested using a bi-factor approach. RESULTS: A total of 797 patients completed the study procedures. Two bi-factor models fit the data well: Model 1 had all symptoms loaded on a general factor, along with one of three specific depression, anxiety and somatic factors [x2 (627) = 741.016, p < 0.0011, RMSEA = 0.015, CFI = 0.911, TLI = 0.9]. Model 2 had a general factor and two specific anxious depression and somatic factors [x2 (627) = 663.065, p = 0.1543, RMSEA = 0.008, CFI = 0.954, TLI = 0.948]. CONCLUSIONS: These data along with those of previous studies suggest that depressive, anxious and somatic symptoms are largely different presentations of a common latent phenomenon. This study provides support for the ICD-11 PHC conceptualization of mood disturbance, especially anxious depression, as central among patients who present multiple somatic symptoms.

Studying ICD-11 Primary Health Care bodily stress syndrome in Brazil: do many functional disorders represent just one syndrome?

OBJECTIVE: Disorders characterized by "distressing unexplained somatic symptoms" are challenging. In the ICD-11 Primary Health Care (PHC) Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Mental Disorders (ICD-11 PHC), a new category, bodily stress syndrome (BSS), was included to diagnose patients presenting unexplained somatic symptoms. The present study investigated the association of BSS with anxiety, depression, and four subgroups of physical symptoms in a Brazilian primary health care (PHC) sample. METHODOLOGY: As part of the international ICD-11 PHC study, 338 patients were evaluated by their primary care physicians, followed by testing with Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R) and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, Version 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). BSS was diagnosed in the presence of at least three somatic symptoms associated with incapacity. The association between anxiety, depression, and four subgroups of physical symptoms with being a BSS case was analyzed. RESULTS: The number of somatic symptoms was high in the overall sample of 338 patients (mean = 8.4), but even higher in the 131 BSS patients (10.2; p < 0.001). Most BSS patients (57.3%) had at least three symptoms from two, three, or four subgroups, and these were associated with anxiety and depression in 80.9% of these patients. The symptom subgroup most strongly associated with "being a BSS" case was the non-specific group (OR = 6.51; 95%CI 1.65-24.34), followed by musculoskeletal (OR = 2,31; 95%CI 1.19-4.72). CONCLUSION: Somatic symptoms were frequent in a sample of PHC patients in Brazil. In the present sample, one third were BSS cases and met the criteria for at least two symptom subgroups, supporting the hypothesis that different functional symptoms are related to each other.

Diagnostic consequences of a new category of anxious depression and a reduced duration requirement for anxiety symptoms in the ICD-11 PHC.

BACKGROUND: A new diagnosis of anxious depression (AD), characterized by both depressive and anxious symptoms at case level, has been proposed for the classification of mental disorders for primary care for ICD-11 (ICD-11 PHC). The ICD-11 PHC proposes a duration requirement for anxiety symptoms of 2 weeks, in line with the requirement for depressive symptoms. This study examined diagnostic assignment under ICD-11 PHC as compared to the previous classification, the ICD-10 PHC, and the relationship of anxiety duration to disability and suicidal ideation. METHODS: Primary care physicians in five countries referred patients based on either perceived psychological distress or distressing somatic symptoms to a research assistant who administered a computer-guided diagnostic interview. Complete data were obtained for 2279 participants. RESULTS: Under ICD-11 PHC 47.7% participants received a diagnosis of AD and had greater disability than other diagnostic groups. Under ICD-10 PHC, in addition to meeting requirements for depressive episode, most of these patients met requirements for either generalized anxiety disorder (41.5%) or mixed anxiety and depressive disorder (45.4%). One third of individuals diagnosed with AD had anxiety durations between 2 weeks and 3 months and presented as much disability and suicidal ideation as individuals with longer anxiety durations. LIMITATIONS: The study was not designed to establish prevalence of these conditions. CONCLUSION: The proposed ICD-11 PHC encourages early identification and management of significant anxiety symptoms in primary care, particularly when these co-occur with depression. This study provides support for the clinical relevance of these symptoms and the importance of early identification.