Pain Quality Among Hospitalized Postcraniotomy Brain Tumor Patients.

PURPOSE/AIMS: The aim of this study was to describe how persons given a diagnosis of a brain tumor who have had a craniotomy describe the quality of their pain after surgery. DESIGN: A qualitative descriptive design was used. METHODS: Qualitative descriptive methods as described by Sandelowski guided this study. Semistructured interviews were conducted with patients hospitalized on a neurological step-down unit in an urban teaching hospital in the Midwestern United States. Interviews focused on the quality of participants' pain after surgery. Narratives were analyzed using standard content analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-seven participants were interviewed. Most were White and female. Most underwent a craniotomy using an anterior approach with sedation. Participants described the quality of their pain with 6 different types of descriptors: pain as pressure, pain as tender or sore, pain as stabbing, pain as throbbing, pain as jarring, and pain as itching. CONCLUSIONS: Participants' descriptions of their pain quality after surgery provide a different understanding than do numerical pain ratings. Clinicians should use questions to explore patients' individual pain experiences, seeking to understand the quality of patients' pain and their perceptions.

Pain Management Experiences Among Hospitalized Postcraniotomy Brain Tumor Patients.

BACKGROUND: Brain tumors account for the majority of central nervous system tumors, and most are removed by craniotomies. Many postcraniotomy patients experience moderate or severe pain after surgery, but patient perspectives on their experiences with pain management in the hospital have not been well described. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe how patients who have undergone a craniotomy for brain tumor removal experience pain management while hospitalized. METHODS: Qualitative descriptive methods using semistructured interviews were conducted with patients on a neurological step-down unit in an urban teaching hospital in the Midwest United States. Interviews focused on how patients experienced postcraniotomy pain and how it was managed. Narratives were analyzed with standard content analytic procedures. RESULTS: Twenty-seven participants (median age, 58.5 years; interquartile range, 26-41 years; range, 21-83 years) were interviewed. The majority were white (n = 25) and female (n = 15) and had an anterior craniotomy (n = 25) with sedation (n = 17). Their pain experiences varied on 2 dimensions: salience of pain during recovery and complexity of pain management. Based on these dimensions, 3 distinct types of pain management experiences were identified: (1) pain-as-nonsalient, routine pain management experience; (2) pain-as-salient, routine pain management experience; and (3) pain-as-salient, complex pain management experience. CONCLUSIONS: Many postcraniotomy patients experience their pain as tolerable and/or pain management as satisfying and effective; others experience pain and pain management as challenging. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Clinicians should be attuned to needs of patients with complex pain management experiences and should incorporate good patient/clinician communication.