Fear of childbirth: prevalence and associated factors in pregnant women of a maternity hospital in southern Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The fear of childbirth (FOC) harms maternal and fetal health, however it has been little studied in Brazil. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of FOC in a maternity hospital in southern Brazil and identify its associated factors. METHODS: The Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire - W-DEQ(A) was used to assess the prevalence of FOC, and its relationship with sociodemographic variables, gestational history, aspects of the current pregnancy, knowledge about childbirth, anxiety symptoms (Beck Anxiety Inventory), depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), and perception of social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support) was investigated. Questionnaires about the content of FOC and information sources regarding childbirth were also applied. RESULTS: We interviewed 125 pregnant women between 28 and 36 weeks of pregnancy between July and September of 2021, and 12% of them scored ≥ 85 on the W-DEQ(A), indicating severe FOC. There was a significant correlation between FOC and anxiety symptoms (r = 0.50, p < 0.001), depressive symptoms (r = 0.34, p < 0.001), and poor social support (r = -0.23, p = 0.008). FOC was lower in pregnant women with complete elementary education when compared to those with higher education (p = 0.003), however, those with negative experiences in previous deliveries had more FOC than those who had had positive experiences (p = 0.001). More than 85% of them fear fetal distress. CONCLUSIONS: FOC is a prevalent condition that impacts the mental health of pregnant women. Therefore, health professionals should recognize and address it during prenatal care to provide integral maternal-fetal care and improve the childbirth experience.

The use of contraceptives and their nutritional impact on medical students.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the impact of contraceptives on medical students at the Federal University of Paraná and verify adherence, consequences, and lifestyle effects of the contraceptive method used. METHODS: This is an observational, cross-sectional study in which 214 participants answered an online questionnaire composed of 30 questions. For statistical analysis, the Stata® 16.0 software was used, and the mean and standard deviation were estimated to characterize continuous variables with a normal distribution and percentages for categorical variables. For group-to-group comparisons, a one-way ANOVA was used for normal continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. RESULTS: Almost 10% (9.3%) of women used condoms only, and double protection (condom+oral contraceptives) corresponds to 23.4%. Of the 214 participants, 38 reported making exclusive use of long-acting reversible contraception, and 13.6% of the interviewees used oral contraceptives exclusively. More than 88% of the interviewees believe that the medical course provided adequate education on contraception. Regarding lifestyle habits, 71.5% of the students reported alcohol intake, tobacco use, and/or other drug use. CONCLUSION: There was a great diversity of combinations between contraceptive methods used by the medical student at Federal University of Paraná, the most prevalent being the oral contraceptive associated with male condoms. There was a greater association in the use of long-acting reversible contraception in married students. Although 88.3% of the participants believed that they had a good education about contraception at university, only half of them use condoms in sexual relationships. The rate of adherence to alcohol and tobacco among students is considerable, and such practices can negatively affect a nutritional profile, a healthy lifestyle, and safe sexual practices. Brazilian medical schools are fundamental for the advancement of medical education in contraception and for the creation of public policies on family planning.

Improving Enzymatic Saccharification of Peach Palm (Bactris gasipaes) Wastes via Biological Pretreatment with Pleurotus ostreatus.

The white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus was used for biological pretreatment of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) lignocellulosic wastes. Non-treated and treated B. gasipaes inner sheaths and peel were submitted to hydrolysis using a commercial cellulase preparation from T. reesei. The amounts of total reducing sugars and glucose obtained from the 30 d-pretreated inner sheaths were seven and five times higher, respectively, than those obtained from the inner sheaths without pretreatment. No such improvement was found, however, in the pretreated B. gasipaes peels. Scanning electronic microscopy of the lignocellulosic fibers was performed to verify the structural changes caused by the biological pretreatments. Upon the biological pretreatment, the lignocellulosic structures of the inner sheaths were substantially modified, making them less ordered. The main features of the modifications were the detachment of the fibers, cell wall collapse and, in several cases, the formation of pores in the cell wall surfaces. The peel lignocellulosic fibers showed more ordered fibrils and no modification was observed after pre-treatment. In conclusion, a seven-fold increase in the enzymatic saccharification of the Bactris gasipaes inner sheath was observed after pre-treatment, while no improvement in enzymatic saccharification was observed in the B. gasipaes peel.

IS -94INS/DELATTG POLYMORPHISM IN THE NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA-B1 GENE (NFKB1) ASSOCIATED WITH NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS?

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities in the different stages of the intestinal maturation process cause metabolic and molecular changes. Among the genetic alterations associated with necrotizing enterocolitis, the -94ins/delATTG polymorphism in NFKB1 gene leads to unregulated activation of the NFKB protein due to an increase in the inherent pro-inflammatory state of the premature intestine. AIMS: To determine the prevalence of the -94ins/delATTG polymorphism in NFKB1 gene in neonates with and without necrotizing enterocolitis. METHODS: This is a case-control study, in which 25 neonates were evaluated as the case group and 50 neonates as the control group, of both genders. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes, and the site encompassing the polymorphism was amplified by molecular techniques (polymerase chain reaction/polymorphism in restriction fragment length). RESULTS: Necrotizing enterocolitis was diagnosed in 25 (33%) neonates and, of these, 3 (12%) died. Male gender was more prevalent in both groups (p=0.1613): cases (52%) and controls (62%). Moderate and extreme preterm newborns were predominant in both groups: cases (80%) and controls (88%) (p=0.3036). Low birth weight and extremely low birth weight newborns were the most prevalent in cases (78%), and very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight were the most prevalent in controls (81%) (p=0.1073). Clinical treatment was successful in 72%, and hospital discharge was achieved in 88% of newborns with NEC. The -94ins/delATTG polymorphism in NFKB1 gene was not identified in all the 150 alleles analyzed (100%). CONCLUSIONS: The absence of the -94ins/delATTG polymorphism in NFKB1 gene in newborns with and without necrotizing enterocolitis does not rule out the possibility of alterations in this and/or in other genes in newborns with this condition, which reinforces the need for further research.

The use of contraceptives and their nutritional impact on medical students

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the impact of contraceptives on medical students at the Federal University of Paraná and verify adherence, consequences, and lifestyle effects of the contraceptive method used. METHODS: This is an observational, cross-sectional study in which 214 participants answered an online questionnaire composed of 30 questions. For statistical analysis, the Stata® 16.0 software was used, and the mean and standard deviation were estimated to characterize continuous variables with a normal distribution and percentages for categorical variables. For group-to-group comparisons, a one-way ANOVA was used for normal continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. RESULTS: Almost 10% (9.3%) of women used condoms only, and double protection (condom+oral contraceptives) corresponds to 23.4%. Of the 214 participants, 38 reported making exclusive use of long-acting reversible contraception, and 13.6% of the interviewees used oral contraceptives exclusively. More than 88% of the interviewees believe that the medical course provided adequate education on contraception. Regarding lifestyle habits, 71.5% of the students reported alcohol intake, tobacco use, and/or other drug use. CONCLUSION: There was a great diversity of combinations between contraceptive methods used by the medical student at Federal University of Paraná, the most prevalent being the oral contraceptive associated with male condoms. There was a greater association in the use of long-acting reversible contraception in married students. Although 88.3% of the participants believed that they had a good education about contraception at university, only half of them use condoms in sexual relationships. The rate of adherence to alcohol and tobacco among students is considerable, and such practices can negatively affect a nutritional profile, a healthy lifestyle, and safe sexual practices. Brazilian medical schools are fundamental for the advancement of medical education in contraception and for the creation of public policies on family planning.

Floristic survey of vascular plants of a poorly known area in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Flona do Rio Preto, Espírito Santo).

BACKGROUND: The Atlantic Forest is one of the most threatened biomes in the world. Despite that, this biome still includes many areas that are poorly known floristically, including several protected areas, such as the "Floresta Nacional do Rio Preto" ("Flona do Rio Preto"), located in the Brazilian State of Espírito Santo. This study used a published vascular plant species list for this protected area from the "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil" as the basis to synthesise the species richness, endemism, conservation and new species occurrences found in the "Flona do Rio Preto". NEW INFORMATION: The published list of vascular plants was based on field expeditions conducted between 2018 and 2020 and data obtained from herbarium collections available in online databases. Overall, 722 species were documented for the "Flona do Rio Preto", 711 of which are native to Brazil and 349 are endemic to the Atlantic Forest. In addition, 60 species are geographically disjunct between the Atlantic and the Amazon Forests. Most of the documented species are woody and more than 50% of these are trees. Twenty-three species are threatened (CR, EN and VU), while five are Data Deficient (DD). Thirty-two species are new records for the State of Espírito Santo. Our results expand the knowledge of the flora of the Atlantic Forest and provide support for the development of new conservation policies for this protected area.

Is -94ins/delattg polymorphism in the nuclear factor kappa-b1 gene (nfkb1) associated with necrotizing enterocolitis? / Polimorfismo -94ins/delattg no gene do fator nuclear kappa-b1 (nfkb1) está associado à enterocolite necrosante?

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Abnormalities in the different stages of the intestinal maturation process cause metabolic and molecular changes. Among the genetic alterations associated with necrotizing enterocolitis, the -94ins/delATTG polymorphism in NFKB1 gene leads to unregulated activation of the NFKB protein due to an increase in the inherent pro-inflammatory state of the premature intestine. AIMS:To determine the prevalence of the -94ins/delATTG polymorphism in NFKB1 gene in neonates with and without necrotizing enterocolitis. METHODS:This is a case-control study, in which 25 neonates were evaluated as the case group and 50 neonates as the control group, of both genders. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes, and the site encompassing the polymorphism was amplified by molecular techniques (polymerase chain reaction/polymorphism in restriction fragment length). RESULTS:Necrotizing enterocolitis was diagnosed in 25 (33%) neonates and, of these, 3 (12%) died. Male gender was more prevalent in both groups (p=0.1613): cases (52%) and controls (62%). Moderate and extreme preterm newborns were predominant in both groups: cases (80%) and controls (88%) (p=0.3036). Low birth weight and extremely low birth weight newborns were the most prevalent in cases (78%), and very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight were the most prevalent in controls (81%) (p=0.1073). Clinical treatment was successful in 72%, and hospital discharge was achieved in 88% of newborns with NEC. The -94ins/delATTG polymorphism in NFKB1 gene was not identified in all the 150 alleles analyzed (100%). CONCLUSIONS:The absence of the -94ins/delATTG polymorphism in NFKB1 gene in newborns with and without necrotizing enterocolitis does not rule out the possibility of alterations in this and/or in other genes in newborns with this condition, which reinforces the need for further research.

RESUMO RACIONAL:Anormalidades nas diferentes fases do processo de maturação intestinal causam alterações metabólicas e moleculares. Dentre as alterações genéticas associadas à enterocolite necrotizante, o polimorfismo -94ins/delATTG no gene NFKB1 leva à ativação desregulada da proteína NFKB devido ao aumento do estado pró-inflamatório inerente ao intestino prematuro. OBJETIVOS:Determinar a prevalência do polimorfismo -94ins/delATTG no gene NFKB1 em neonatos com e sem enterocolite necrotizante. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo caso-controle, no qual foram avaliados 25 neonatos como grupo caso e 50 neonatos como grupo controle, de ambos os sexos. O DNA foi extraído de leucócitos do sangue periférico e o sítio que engloba o polimorfismo foi amplificado por técnicas moleculares (reação em cadeia da polimerase/polimorfismo no comprimento do fragmento de restrição). RESULTADOS: Enterocolite necrosante foi diagnosticada em 25 (33%) neonatos e, destes, 3 (12%) foram a óbito. O gênero masculino foi mais prevalente em ambos os grupos (p=0,1613): casos (52%) e controles (62%). Os prematuros moderados e extremos foram predominantes em ambos os grupos: casos (80%) e controles (88%) (p=0,3036). Recém-nascidos de baixo peso e extremo baixo peso foram os mais prevalentes nos casos (78%) e de muito baixo peso e extremo baixo peso foram os mais prevalentes nos controles (81%) (p=0,1073). O tratamento clínico foi bem-sucedido em 72% e a alta hospitalar foi obtida em 88% dos recém-nascidos com enterocolite necrotizante. O polimorfismo -94ins/delATTG no gene NFKB1 não foi identificado em todos os 150 alelos analisados (100%). CONCLUSÕES: A ausência do polimorfismo -94ins/delATTG no gene NFKB1 em recém-nascidos com e sem enterocolite necrosante não afasta a possibilidade de alterações neste e/ou em outros genes em recém-nascidos com esta condição, o que reforça a necessidade de novas pesquisas.

Antenatal screening of depressive and manic symptoms in south Brazilian childbearing women: A transversal study in advance of the pandemic scenario.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of mood disorders (MD) during pregnancy is challenging and may bring negative consequences to the maternal-fetal binomial. The long waitlist for specialized psychiatric evaluation in Brazil contributes to the treatment omission. Almost 20.0% of women treated with antidepressants have a positive screening for bipolar disorder. Therefore, it has been recommended the investigation of depressive and bipolar disorder during prenatal care. Unfortunately, the screening for mood disorders is not a reality in Brazil and many childbearing women remain undiagnosed. The objective of this study is to observe the frequency of MD and the effectiveness of screening scales for routine use by health professionals during prenatal care in high-risk pregnancies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This cross-sectional study included 61 childbearing women in their second trimester who were interviewed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). The cut-off point was EPDS ≥ 13 and MDQ ≥ 7 and the SCID-5 was the gold standard diagnosis. MD were diagnosed in 24.6% of the high-risk pregnancies. EDPS was positive in 19.7% and the frequency of major depression was 8.2%. 16.4% of the childbearing women were diagnosed with bipolar disorder, while MDQ was positive in 36.1%. 11.5% of the women had EPDS and MDQ positive. EPDS sensitivity was 80.0% and specificity 92.1%, whereas MDQ presented a sensitivity of 70.0% and specificity of 70.6%. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: There is a high prevalence of MD in high-risk pregnancies. The routine use of EPDS simultaneously to MDQ during antenatal care is effective and plays an important role in early diagnosis, counselling, and promotion of perinatal mental health.

Prática docente assistencial: compartilhamento de ações para o ensino na atenção primária em saúde / Practices in clinical teaching: sharing actions for teaching in primary health care / Práctica asistencial docente: compartir acciones para la enseñanza en la atención primaria de la salud

Resumo Enquadramento: A prática docente na atenção primária é complexa, podendo a comunidade de prática servir como espaço de formação pedagógica para os enfermeiros supervisores e enfermeiros docentes. Objetivo: Descrever as ações identificadas por enfermeiros supervisores e enfermeiros docentes em comunidade de prática docente assistencial no ensino na atenção primária em saúde. Metodologia: Pesquisa-ação, qualitativa, realizada com grupos focais com 13 enfermeiros supervisores da atenção primária e enfermeiros docentes. Utilizou-se o software de análise de dados AtlasTi 8, e análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Obtiveram-se três categorias: Ações dos enfermeiros docentes para a qualificação da formação em enfermagem na atenção primária em saúde; Ações dos enfermeiros supervisores para a qualificação da formação em enfermagem na atenção primária em saúde; Ações das Instituições de Ensino e de Saúde para a qualificação da prática docente na atenção primária em saúde. Conclusão: Os membros constituíram-se enquanto uma comunidade de prática, pois compartilharam interesses comuns, levando ao engajamento sobre definição de ações no exercício docente com especificidade na atenção primária.

Abstract Background: Teaching in primary health care is complex, and the community of practice (COP) can be a place of pedagogical training for nurse tutors and nurse teachers. Objective: To describe the actions identified by nurse tutors and nurse teachers of a COP in primary care teaching. Methodology: Qualitative participatory action research carried out with 13 primary care nurse tutors and nurse teachers using focus groups. Data analysis used the Atlas Ti 8 software program, following Bardin's content analysis approach. Results: Three categories emerged: Nurse teachers' actions for the qualification of nursing education in Primary Health Care; Nurse tutors' actions for the qualification of nursing education in Primary Health Care; and Education and Health Institutions' actions for the qualification of teaching practices in Primary Health Care. Conclusion: The participants established a COP because they shared common interests, which led to the commitment to defining actions in primary health care teaching.

Resumen Marco contextual: La práctica docente en atención primaria es compleja, y la comunidad de práctica puede servir como espacio de formación pedagógica para los enfermeros supervisores y enfermeros docentes. Objetivo: Describir las acciones identificadas por los enfermeros supervisores y enfermeros docentes en la comunidad de práctica docente asistencial en la enseñanza de la atención primaria de la salud. Metodología: Investigación-acción cualitativa realizada mediante grupos focales con 13 enfermeros supervisores de atención primaria y enfermeros docentes. Se utilizó el software de análisis de datos AtlasTi 8 y el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: Se obtuvieron tres categorías, Acciones de los enfermeros docentes para la cualificación de la enseñanza de la enfermería en la atención primaria de la salud; Acciones de los enfermeros supervisores para la cualificación de la formación en enfermería en la atención primaria de la salud; Acciones de las instituciones de Enseñanza y salud para la cualificación de la práctica docente en la atención primaria de la salud. Conclusión: Los miembros se constituyeron como una comunidad de práctica, ya que compartían intereses comunes, lo que los llevó a comprometerse en la definición de acciones en el ejercicio docente, con especificidad en la atención primaria.

Formação docente para o ensino da educação interprofissional / Formación docente para la enseñanza de la educación interprofesional / Training of faculty members for interprofessional education teaching

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar experiências das autoras em relação à formação docente para o ensino da Educação Interprofissional. Desenvolvimento: relato de experiência a partir da observação direta das atividades de docentes de duas universidades públicas do estado da Bahia, entre 2014 e 2019. Os dados foram registrados em diário de campo, organizados por aproximação temática e analisados em suas partes e nas relações entre a formação docente e o ensino da Educação Interprofissional. Identificou-se três dimensões: inquietações e reflexões nos campos práticos; movimento de aproximação ao ensino da Educação Interprofissional; e movimento na pós-graduação. Conclusão: as experiências vividas na formação docente contribuíram para o ensino, tendo em vista a Educação Interprofissional, por suscitarem reflexões sobre os movimentos formativos do docente em direção à interprofissionalidade e constatações acerca das possibilidades formativas do docente. Espera-se que tais experiências sejam continuadas e aplicadas nos diferentes espaços de ensino

RESUMEN Objetivo: relatar experiencias de las autoras en lo que se refiere a la formación docente para la enseñanza de la Educación Interprofesional. Desarrollo: relato de experiencia a partir de la observación directa de las actividades de docentes de dos universidades públicas del estado de Bahía, entre 2014 y 2019. Los datos se registraron en un diario de campo, se organizaron por enfoque temático y se analizaron en sus partes y en las relaciones entre la formación docente y la enseñanza de la Educación Interprofesional. Se identificaron tres dimensiones: preocupaciones y reflexiones en los ámbitos prácticos; movimiento para abordar la enseñanza de la Educación Interprofesional; y movimiento en la formación de postgrado. Conclusión: las experiencias vividas en la formación docente han contribuido a la enseñanza, con vistas a la Educación Interprofesional, haciendo suscitar reflexiones sobre los movimientos formativos del docente hacia la interprofesionalidad y hallazgos sobre las posibilidades formativas del docente. Se espera que estas experiencias tengan continuidad y se apliquen en los diferentes espacios de enseñanza.

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the authors' experiences regarding the training of faculty members for Interprofessional Education teaching. Development: Experience report using direct observation of the activities of professors from two public universities in the state of Bahia, between 2014 and 2019. The data were recorded in a field diary, organized by thematic approach and analyzed in its parts and in the relationships between the training of faculty members and the teaching of Interprofessional Education. Three dimensions were identified: concerns and reflections in practical activities; movement towards the teaching of Interprofessional Education; and movement in postgraduate health education. Conclusion: The experiences in the training of faculty members contributed to teaching, regarding Interprofessional Education, by raising reflections on the movements for training faculty members for interprofessional education and findings on the possibilities of the training of professors. We expect that these initiatives are implemented on a permanent basis and in different teaching spaces.

Conflitos bioéticos nos cuidados de fim de vida / Bioethical conflicts in end of life care / Conflictos bioéticos en los cuidados al final de la vida

Resumo Esta revisão integrativa da literatura tem por objetivo identificar os principais conflitos entre paciente em cuidados de fim de vida, familiares e equipe de saúde sob a ótica da ética principialista. A partir de pesquisa em bases de dados, chegou-se à amostra final de 12 publicações que, após avaliada pela técnica de análise de conteúdo, revelou três categorias temáticas: condutas profissionais - respeito à autonomia do paciente e ao princípio da beneficência; princípios bioéticos no contexto dos cuidados de fim de vida; e dilemas bioéticos nesse mesmo cenário. Autonomia e beneficência são fatores preponderantes nos cuidados de fim de vida, ratificando a ideia de que o paciente é o ator principal e necessita de assistência humanizada e digna. Além disso, constataram-se fragilidades no processo de educação e comunicação, e na relação entre equipe, enfermo e familiares.

Abstract This integrative review of the literature aims to identify the main conflicts between patients in palliative care, family and healthcare team from the point of view of the principialist ethics. A search was performed on databases, generating a final sample of 12 publications that, after being evaluated by the content analysis technique, enabled the emergence of three thematic categories: professional conduct - respect for the patient's autonomy and the principle of beneficence; bioethical principles in the context of end of life care; and bioethical dilemmas in this context. We concluded that autonomy and beneficence stand out in the palliative care, ratifying the idea that the patient is the main actor and needs a humanized and comprehensive health care. In addition, we found some weaknesses in the process of education and communication in the healthcare team, patient and family relationship.

Resumen Esta revisión integrativa de la literatura tiene como objetivo identificar los principales conflictos entre el paciente con cuidados al final de la vida, los familiares y el equipo de salud, bajo la óptica de la ética principialista. A partir de una investigación en bases de datos, se llegó a una presentación final de 12 publicaciones, que después de ser avaliada por la Técnica de Análisis de Contenido, permitió emerger tres categorías temáticas: respeto a la autonomía del paciente y el principio de la beneficencia; principios bioéticos en el contexto de los cuidados al final de la vida; dilemas bioéticos en el mismo contexto. Se concluye que la autonomía y la beneficencia se destacan en la dinámica de los cuidados de al final de la vida, ratificando la idea de que el paciente es el actor principal, debiendo ser oído, como también ser atendido en sus necesidades, para proporcionar un buen cuidado humanizado y digno. Además de los dilemas bioéticos, se revelan debilidades en el proceso de educación y comunicación en la relación equipo, paciente, familia.

Formação para a docência universitária: tendência dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem no Brasil / Formación para la enseñanza universitaria: tendencia de los Programas de Posgrado en Enfermería en Brasil / Training for university teaching: The tendency of the Post-Graduate Nursing Programs in Brazil

Objetivo: caracterizar as disciplinas dos currículos dos Programas de Pós-Graduação stricto sensu em Enfermagem voltadas à formação didático-pedagógica. Método: pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, de análise documental no currículo dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem stricto sensu e nos planos de ensino das disciplinas didático-pedagógicas. Foram analisados os planos de ensino de disciplinas dos 27 Programas de Pós-Graduação Stricto sensu em Enfermagem no Brasil, sendo 53 planos submetidos à análise estatística descritiva. A coleta de dados ocorreu de março a junho de 2016. Resultados: apresentaram-se características quanto ao currículo dos programas, enfocando as temáticas, conteúdos, estratégias de ensino das disciplinas didático-pedagógicas. Conclusão: há diferenças entre os currículos acerca das disciplinas didático-pedagógicas fundamentais e dos conteúdos e estratégias de ensino. Evidenciou-se uma necessidade de desenvolver nos Programas stricto sensu em Enfermagem a valorização sobre a dimensão do ensino ao ser docente.

Objective: To characterize the subjects of the stricto sensu Post-Graduate Nursing Programs curricula focused on didactic-pedagogical training. Method: An exploratory-descriptive research, of documentary analysis in the curricula of stricto sensu Post-Graduate Nursing Programs and in the teaching plans of the didactic-pedagogical subjects. The disciplinary teaching plans of the 27 stricto sensu Post-Graduate Nursing Programs in Brazil were analyzed, with 53 plans submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. Data collection took place from March to June 2016. Results: Characteristics were presented regarding the curriculum of the programs, focusing on the themes, contents, and teaching strategies of the didactic-pedagogical subjects. Conclusion: There are differences among the curricula regarding the fundamental didactic-pedagogical subjects and the contents and teaching strategies. There was a need to develop the valorization of the teaching dimension in the stricto sensu Nursing Programs.

Objetivo: caracterizar las disciplinas de los programas de postgrado en enfermería stricto sensu destinados a la formación didáctico-pedagógica. Metodo: investigación exploratoria descriptiva, de análisis documental en el currículum de los Programas de Posgrado en Enfermería stricto sensu y en los planes de enseñanza de las disciplinas didáctico-pedagógicas. Se analizaron los planes de enseñanza disciplinaria de los 27 Programas de Posgrado Stricto sensu en Enfermería en Brasil, con 53 planes sometidos a análisis estadístico descriptivo. La recopilación de datos tuvo lugar de marzo a junio de 2016. Resultados: se presentaron características sobre el currículum de los programas, centrándose en los temas, contenidos, estrategias de enseñanza de las disciplinas didáctico-pedagógicas. Conclusión: existen diferencias entre los planes de estudio con respecto a las disciplinas didáctico-pedagógicas fundamentales y los contenidos y estrategias de enseñanza. Era necesario desarrollar en los Programas de enfermería stricto sensu la valorización de la dimensión de la enseñanza cuando se es profesor.

Effect of magnetic field on the Eversa® Transform 2.0 enzyme: Enzymatic activity and structural conformation.

Alternatives to improve the stability and activity of enzymes have been rising in the last years due to the potential industrial application of these catalysts. However, the enzymes characteristics in terms of stability and catalytic efficiency can reduce, in some cases, due to the reaction conditions. Due to a lack in the literature concerning structural information related to the new commercial Eversa® Transform 2.0 enzyme (NS-40116) we investigated the conformational structure by spectroscopic and mass spectrometry techniques after exposure in permanent magnetic flux density (0.7 and 1.34 T) in recirculation mode (1, 2, and 4 h) at 0.06 L·min-1. The influence of pH on the enzymatic solution associated with the magnetic flux (pH 5, 7, and 9) was also evaluated. Under the best reaction condition (pH 7 after 4 h in a recirculation mode at 1.34 T), enzyme activity 77% higher than the control sample was obtained. Mass spectrometry techniques showed changes in the NS-40116 tertiary structure. Thus, the application of magnetic fields as an enzymatic pre-treatment showed to be a promising technique and a viable alternative to increase the enzymatic activity since it is a low cost, environmentally friendly, and ease operation process.

Sporotrichosis by Sporothrix schenckii senso stricto with itraconazole resistance and terbinafine sensitivity observed in vitro and in vivo: Case report.

We report a case of a patient with lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis in the right upper limb. The fungus was identified as Sporothrix schenckii senso stricto by calmodulin gene sequencing. The initial treatment was itraconazole (200 mg/day), but in vitro antifungal susceptibility demonstrated high resistant to this and another six antifungals, with exception to terbinafine. The lesions did not regress with itraconazole treatment. Thus, 500 mg/day of terbinafine was prescribed and clinical cure was obtained after four months.

Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on urinary citrate levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Hypocitraturia is a known risk factor for nephrolithiasis, present in 20-60% of stone-forming patients. The administration of citrate or other alkali preparations has been demonstrated to benefit hypocitraturic stone formers. Dietary modifications that include citrate-containing fluids can be an alternative option to pharmacological agents. We aimed to systematically review, summarize and quantify available evidence on the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on urinary citrate and nephrolithiasis. METHODS: Manual and electronic database searches (MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Scielo, LILACS) were performed for studies published up to July 2014. Two reviewers independently identified studies for inclusion and extracted data on study characteristics, outcomes and quality assessments. We included controlled studies with non-pharmacological interventions that assessed urinary citrate levels or nephrolithiasis pre- and post-intervention. Meta-analysis was performed by random effects and subgrouped by the type of intervention, and heterogeneity was analysed by I(2). RESULTS: Of the 427 studies identified, 13 studies were included (18 samples), involving 358 participants with a mean age of 43 ± 11.0 years across the studies. Interventions were grouped as commercial fruit juices, soft drinks, calcium-/magnesium-rich mineral water, high-fiber diet, low-animal-protein diet and plant extract. Almost half of the studies (6/13; 8/18 samples) reported effects in non-stone formers. Two studies included stone formers and non-stone formers. Commercial fruit juice interventions showed high I(2) (88.1%, P = 0.000) and an increase in citraturia levels ( 95% confidence interval) of 167.2 (65.4; 269) mg/day. Other types of intervention did not show important heterogeneity; however, pooled estimates were not significant. CONCLUSION: Our review indicates that further larger scale trials are required to analyze whether non-pharmacological interventions can increase urinary citrate levels and act in kidney stone prevention.