Persistent gender disparity in leading dental publications across 4 decades: an observational study.

OBJECTIVES: This observational study assessed the differences in the gender of the first and last authors in the most-cited dental articles over the last 4 decades. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Articles were obtained through an electronic search of the most-cited articles in dentistry by decade (total n = 400 articles). The 100 most-cited studies in each decade (1980-1989, 1990-1999, 2000-2009, and 2010-2019), with any study design, with results in dentistry were eligible. The gender of the first and last authors was determined using the Genderize database. Comparative evaluation of gender distribution in general and across the 4 decades was performed with the Chi-square test, and the contribution of variables on the citation rate of articles was performed using linear regression. RESULTS: There were statistical differences between the gender distributions, with a predominance of men in the first (83.8%) and the last (86.8%) positions (P < .001). Over the decades, there was a tendency for an increase in the proportion of women as the last author (P = .002; Chi-square trend Test), with an increase of women from 6% to 22% across the last 4 decades. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between the genders for the first author in the last 4 decades (P = .163; Chi-square trend Test). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that men lead a large percentage of the most-cited articles in dentistry and that this trend has not shown substantial modifications over the last years. Nonetheless, for the position of last authorship, an increase in women's representativity was observed over the last decades.

The impact of gender on citation rates: An observational study on the most cited dental articles.

OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study aims to determine whether the gender of the authors plays a role in the position of authorship within the 100 most cited articles in dentistry. METHODS: An electronic search was performed in October 2022 in the SCOPUS database, considering filters by 'subject area' [dentistry], 'document type' [article], and 'source type' [journal]. The search was performed without restriction on the study design, publication yearor language. Information regarding each article was then extracted. The gender of the first and last author was determined by associating their first names with the probability of the name being male or female, using the Genderize database. Comparative evaluation of gender distribution was performed with the Chi-Square test. RESULTS: Articles ranged from 5214 to 579 citations. Included studies were published between 1964 and 2019, with the majority being from journals with the highest impact factors in the field. There were statistical significance differences between the gender distribution of the first and last authors, with a predominance of man in both authorships positions (all p<0.00). Only 15% and 12.6% the most cited papers in dental research presented a woman as first and last authors, respectively. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, female authors are not as regarded as male authors in prestigious authorship positions in the most cited dental publications, and gender bias can still be considered prominent in the dental research community. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The findings of the present study indicate that the gender imbalance in citation practices, reported in several areas, also occurs in the field of Dentistry. It is essential that more discussions be raised about gender disparities and about the female presence in the scientific community.

Impact of COVID-19 on gender gap in dental publications: a retrospective cohort with three Brazilian journals.

This was a retrospective cohort study to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the gender gap in articles submitted to three international dental journals based in Brazil. All submissions performed to Brazilian Dental Journal, Brazilian Oral Research, and Journal of Applied Oral Science before (2019) and during the pandemic (2020) were assessed. Gender of the first, last, and corresponding authors were collected. Other variables collected were journal, continent studied by authors and stage of their careers (classified according to authors' highest degree), and final decision reached in the article. Absolute and relative frequencies with 95% confidence intervals, Pearson's Chi-square tests, and Fisher's Exact test were used (α = 0.05). In total, 4,726 unique submissions were analyzed. A higher proportion of early-career authors was observed during the pandemic (44.8% to 49.3%, p = 0.021). Most articles were rejected but without association with gender. Increased proportion of male first authors from before to during the pandemic was observed (39% to 42.1%, p = 0.034). Drop in the proportion of articles with women as first authors was observed for researchers in their early- (65.9% to 58.8%, p = 0.02) and mid-career stages (63% to 55.8%, p = 0.014). Reduction in women as first authors was observed during the pandemic in South and Central Americas (66.7% to 61.5%, p = 0.010), and when the last author was a female, or the corresponding author was a male. In conclusion, a disproportionate impact on female dental researchers in submitting articles in the period from before to during the pandemic was observed when considering first authorship, suggesting that the COVID-19 may have increased the gender inequality in dental science.

Combining Nanocarrier-Assisted Delivery of Molecules and Radiotherapy.

Cancer is responsible for a significant proportion of death all over the world. Therefore, strategies to improve its treatment are highly desired. The use of nanocarriers to deliver anticancer treatments has been extensively investigated and improved since the approval of the first liposomal formulation for cancer treatment in 1995. Radiotherapy (RT) is present in the disease management strategy of around 50% of cancer patients. In the present review, we bring the state-of-the-art information on the combination of nanocarrier-assisted delivery of molecules and RT. We start with formulations designed to encapsulate single or multiple molecules that, once delivered to the tumor site, act directly on the cells to improve the effects of RT. Then, we describe formulations designed to modulate the tumor microenvironment by delivering oxygen or to boost the abscopal effect. Finally, we present how RT can be employed to trigger molecule delivery from nanocarriers or to modulate the EPR effect.

Impact of COVID-19 on gender gap in dental publications: a retrospective cohort with three Brazilian journals

Abstract This was a retrospective cohort study to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the gender gap in articles submitted to three international dental journals based in Brazil. All submissions performed to Brazilian Dental Journal, Brazilian Oral Research, and Journal of Applied Oral Science before (2019) and during the pandemic (2020) were assessed. Gender of the first, last, and corresponding authors were collected. Other variables collected were journal, continent studied by authors and stage of their careers (classified according to authors' highest degree), and final decision reached in the article. Absolute and relative frequencies with 95% confidence intervals, Pearson's Chi-square tests, and Fisher's Exact test were used (α = 0.05). In total, 4,726 unique submissions were analyzed. A higher proportion of early-career authors was observed during the pandemic (44.8% to 49.3%, p = 0.021). Most articles were rejected but without association with gender. Increased proportion of male first authors from before to during the pandemic was observed (39% to 42.1%, p = 0.034). Drop in the proportion of articles with women as first authors was observed for researchers in their early- (65.9% to 58.8%, p = 0.02) and mid-career stages (63% to 55.8%, p = 0.014). Reduction in women as first authors was observed during the pandemic in South and Central Americas (66.7% to 61.5%, p = 0.010), and when the last author was a female, or the corresponding author was a male. In conclusion, a disproportionate impact on female dental researchers in submitting articles in the period from before to during the pandemic was observed when considering first authorship, suggesting that the COVID-19 may have increased the gender inequality in dental science.

Triggered Drug Release From Liposomes: Exploiting the Outer and Inner Tumor Environment.

Since more than 40 years liposomes have being extensively studied for their potential as carriers of anticancer drugs. The basic principle behind their use for cancer treatment consists on the idea that they can take advantage of the leaky vasculature and poor lymphatic drainage present at the tumor tissue, passively accumulating in this region. Aiming to further improve their efficacy, different strategies have been employed such as PEGlation, which enables longer circulation times, or the attachment of ligands to liposomal surface for active targeting of cancer cells. A great challenge for drug delivery to cancer treatment now, is the possibility to trigger release from nanosystems at the tumor site, providing efficacious levels of drug in the tumor. Different strategies have been proposed to exploit the outer and inner tumor environment for triggering drug release from liposomes and are the focus of this review.

The impact of gender on scientific writing: An observational study of grant proposals.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine whether there are differences in the language used in grant applications submitted to a Southern Brazil Research Support Foundation (FAPERGS) according to the gender, career stage, and the number of publications of applicants. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: This observational study also evaluated the relationship between gender, career stage, curriculum, and writing characteristics. Summaries of all research proposals in the biomedical field of FAPERGS during the years of 2013 and 2014 were evaluated according to six language patterns (Positive emotions, Negative emotions, Analytic thinking, Clout, Authenticity, and Emotional tone) defined by the LIWC software. Applicant's gender, career stage, and the number of publications were also collected. RESULTS: Three hundred and forty-four (344) grant proposals met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. No statistical differences were observed in the language pattern used by different gender applicants. In the language used by successful and unsuccessful applicants, we only found a small difference for clout (score 54.5 for not funded and 56.5 for funded grants). However, the principal investigators of successful applications had a significantly higher number of papers published (mean number of papers: 104 versus 58.5). CONCLUSIONS: Gender bias appears to be a more complex problem than just the type of language used; the way society is organized causes several gender biases that may be reflected throughout the women's career.

Desigualdade de gênero e escuta psi de mulheres atendidas na atenção básica / Gender inequality and psychological listening of women attended in primary healthcare / Desigualdad de género y escucha de mujeres que procuran atención primaria

Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar o que psicólogos na atenção básica de Porto Alegre identificam como necessidades em saúde mental das mulheres atendidas, buscando verificar se sua escuta profissional permite estabelecer nexos entre o sofrimento psíquico e a desigualdade de gênero vivenciada pelas usuárias. Em 2017, foi realizado grupo focal com nove psicólogas que atuam em unidades de Saúde da Família, em que foi construída coletivamente uma narrativa segundo o método de Grupo Focal Narrativo. Constituem a narrativa final oito núcleos argumentais: "Sofrimento mascarado"; "Os homens também sofrem com isso"; "Várias gerações de mulheres cuidadoras"; "Aquele desejo de constituir uma família a qualquer custo"; "Por que o homem acha que pode usar uma mulher como se fosse um objeto?"; "Maternidade compulsória"; "Novas formas de exercício da sexualidade"; e "O hospital tomou como uma afronta o empoderamento da mulher". Considera-se que o estudo proporcionou às participantes um espaço de reflexão coletiva sobre si mesmas e suas práticas.(AU)

This study aims to investigate the mental health need of female patient as to psychologists working in primary healthcare services in Porto Alegre - Brazil, verifying whether their psychological listening establishes associations between the psychological suffering and gender inequality experienced by the users. Based on a Narrative Focus Group methodology, a focus group with nine psychologists from Family Health services was conducted in 2017. The final narrative consists of eight argumentative nuclei: "masked suffering," "men also suffer from this," "several generations of female caregivers," "that desire to set up a family at any cost," "why do men think they can use a woman as if she were an object?," "compulsory maternity", "new ways of exercising sexuality," and "the hospital took woman's empowerment as an affront." This study provided participants a space for collectively reflecting on themselves and on their practices.(AU)

Este estudio tiene como objetivo conocer lo que los psicólogos en la atención primaria de Porto Alegre (Brasil) identifican como necesidades en salud mental de las mujeres que procuran atención, con el fin de verificar si su escucha profesional posibilita establecer nexos entre el sufrimiento psíquico y la desigualdad de género vivida por las usuarias. En el 2017, se realizó un grupo focal con nueve psicólogas que actúan en Unidades de Salud Familiar y se construyó colectivamente una narrativa conforme al método de grupo focal narrativo. Ocho núcleos argumentales constituyeron la narrativa final: "Sufrimiento enmascarado"; "Los hombres también sufren con eso"; "Varias generaciones de mujeres cuidadoras"; "La intención de constituir una familia sin importar el costo"; "¿Por qué el hombre cree que puede usar a una mujer como un objeto?"; "Maternidad obligatoria"; "Nuevas formas de ejercicio de la sexualidad"; y "El hospital cree ser una afrenta el empoderamiento femenino". Se considera que el grupo focal proporcionó a las participantes un espacio de reflexión colectiva acerca de sí mismas y de sus prácticas.(AU)

Transparency in clinical trials: Adding value to paediatric dental research.

BACKGROUND: Even though considered as studies with high methodological power, many RCTs in paediatric dentistry do not have essential quality items in their design, development, and report, making results' reliability questionable, replication challenging to conduct, wasting time, money, and efforts, and even exposing the participants to research for no benefit. AIM: We addressed the main topics related to transparency in clinical research, with an emphasis in paediatric dentistry. DESIGN: We searched for all controlled clinical trials published from January 2019 up to July 2020 in the three paediatric dentistry journals with high journal Impact Factor, indexed on Medline. These papers were assessed for transparency according to Open Science practices and regarding reporting accuracy using some items required by CONSORT. RESULTS: 53.6% of the studies declared registration, 75% had sample size calculation, 98.2% reported randomisation, and from those, 65.4% explained the randomisation method. Besides that, no study shared their data, and 6.8% were published in open access format. CONCLUSIONS: Unfortunately, a large proportion of RCTs in paediatric dental research show a lack of transparency and reproducibility.

Screening tool for restrictive and obstructive ventilatory abnormalities in a population-based survey

Abstract Background: A 6 s spirometry with an inexpensive pocket spirometer efficiently selects individuals for a diagnostic-quality spirometry for airflow limitation, but could also be useful to identify individuals with a restrictive pattern. Objectives: We evaluated an inexpensive simplified spirometer (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]-6) as a screening tool to identify spirometric abnormalities. Methods: A population-based survey in Mexico City, with 742 participants performing pre- and post-BD spirometry and a three-maneuver 6 s spirometry (pre-BD) with a COPD-6. We evaluated forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV6, and FEV1/FEV6 from the COPD-6, crude and expressed as the percentage of predicted (%P), to discriminate post-bronchodilator airflow obstruction (FEV1/forced vital capacity [FVC] <5th percentile) or restriction (FVC or FEV1 <5th percentile with normal FEV1/FVC) through receiver operating characteristics and their area under the curve (AUC). Results: FEV1%P was the best predictor to identify pre- and post-BD ventilatory abnormalities (best cutoff point 87%P, AUC 92% for restrictive pattern, 89% for obstructive pattern, and 91% for any spirometric abnormality). Deriving to clinical spirometry only those with <87%P (26% of the sample) missed only 12% of spirometric abnormalities most of the latter mild. Conclusions: An FEV1 <87%P from a pre-BD 6 s spirometry correctly identified individuals with spirometric ventilatory defects, either obstructive or restrictive.

Combined paclitaxel-doxorubicin liposomal results in positive prognosis with infiltrating lymphocytes in lung metastasis.

Aim: To investigate the effect of liposomes containing the classical cytotoxic drugs paclitaxel and doxorubicin (Lipo-Pacli/Dox), against a metastatic breast cancer model. We also investigated if Lipo-Pacli/Dox was capable of reverting the tolerogenic environment of metastatic lesions. Materials & methods: Immunogenic cell death induction by the Pacli/Dox combination was assessed in vitro. Antitumor activity and in vivo safety of Lipo-Pacli/Dox were evaluated using a 4T1 breast cancer mouse model Results: Lipo-Pacli/Dox, with a size of 189 nm and zeta potential of -5.01 mV, promoted immune system activation and partially controlled the progression of pulmonary metastasis. Conclusion: Lipo-Pacli/Dox was useful to control both primary tumor and lung metastasis in breast cancer (4T1) mice model. Additionally, Lipo-Pacli/Dox acts as an immunological modulator for this metastatic breast cancer model.

Screening Tool for Restrictive and Obstructive Ventilatory Abnormalities in a Population-Based Survey.

BACKGROUND: A 6 s spirometry with an inexpensive pocket spirometer efficiently selects individuals for a diagnostic-quality spirometry for airflow limitation, but could also be useful to identify individuals with a restrictive pattern. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated an inexpensive simplified spirometer (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]-6) as a screening tool to identify spirometric abnormalities. METHODS: A population-based survey in Mexico City, with 742 participants performing pre- and post-BD spirometry and a three-maneuver 6 s spirometry (pre-BD) with a COPD-6. We evaluated forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV6, and FEV1/FEV6 from the COPD-6, crude and expressed as the percentage of predicted (%P), to discriminate post-bronchodilator airflow obstruction (FEV1/forced vital capacity [FVC] < 5th percentile) or restriction (FVC or FEV1 <5th percentile with normal FEV1/FVC) through receiver operating characteristics and their area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: FEV1%P was the best predictor to identify pre- and post-BD ventilatory abnormalities (best cutoff point 87%P, AUC 92% for restrictive pattern, 89% for obstructive pattern, and 91% for any spirometric abnormality). Deriving to clinical spirometry only those with < 87%P (26% of the sample) missed only 12% of spirometric abnormalities most of the latter mild. CONCLUSIONS: An FEV1 < 87%P from a pre-BD 6 s spirometry correctly identified individuals with spirometric ventilatory defects, either obstructive or restrictive.

Development of Long-Circulating and Fusogenic Liposomes Co-encapsulating Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin in Synergistic Ratio for the Treatment of Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND: The co-encapsulation of paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DXR) in liposomes has the potential to offer pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic advantages, providing delivery of both drugs to the tumor at the ratio required for synergism. OBJECTIVE: To prepare and characterize long-circulating and fusogenic liposomes co-encapsulating PTX and DXR in the 1:10 molar ratio (LCFL-PTX/DXR). METHODS: LCFL-PTX/DXR was prepared by the lipid film formation method. The release of PTX and DXR from liposomes was performed using a dialysis method. Studies of cytotoxicity, synergism, and cellular uptake were also carried out. RESULTS: The encapsulation percentage of PTX and DXR was 74.1 ± 1.8 % and 89.6 ± 12.3%, respectively, and the mean diameter of the liposomes was 244.4 ± 28.1 nm. The vesicles remained stable for 30 days after their preparation. The drugs were simultaneously released from vesicles during 36 hours, maintaining the drugs combination in the previously established ratio. Cytotoxicity studies using 4T1 breast cancer cells showed lower inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) value for LCFL-PTX/DXR treatment (0.27 ± 0.11 µm) compared to the values of free drugs treatment. In addition, the combination index (CI) assessed for treatment with LCFL-PTX/DXR was equal to 0.11 ± 0.04, showing strong synergism between the drugs. Cell uptake studies have confirmed that the molar ratio between PTX and DXR is maintained when the drugs are administered in liposomes. CONCLUSION: It was possible to obtain LCFL-PTX/DXR suitable for intravenous administration, capable of releasing the drugs in a fixed synergistic molar ratio in the tumor region.

Short and Long-Term Effects of the Exposure of Breast Cancer Cell Lines to Different Ratios of Free or Co-Encapsulated Liposomal Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin.

BACKGROUND: Associating paclitaxel (PTX) to doxorubicin (DXR) is one of the main chemotherapy strategies for breast cancer (BC) management. Protocols currently available consist in administering both drugs on their maximum tolerated dose, not taking into account the possible differences in efficacy due to their combination ratio. In the present study, the short and long-term cytotoxic effects as well as migratory effects of PTX, DXR, and its combinations at 10:1; 1:1 and 1:10 PTX:DXR molar ratios either free or co-encapsulated in liposomes were evaluated against three human BC cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SKBR-3). METHOD: The MTT assay was used to screen for synergy or antagonism between PTX and DXR and the combination index value was calculated using the CalcuSyn software. Nuclear morphological alterations were evaluated by staining the cells with Hoescht 33342. The investigation of senescence and clonogenicity of BC cell lines exposed to different treatments was also studied. In addition, the ability of these cells to migrate was assessed. RESULTS: Taken together, the results presented herein allow us to suggest that there is no benefit in enhancing the PTX concentration above that of DXR in the combination for any of the three cell lines tested. CONCLUSION: The developed liposomes co-encapsulating PTX and DXR in different molar ratios retained the biological properties of the mixture of free drugs and are valuable for planning new therapeutic strategies.

Factors affecting the color stability and staining of esthetic restorations.

This study aimed to assess the color stability of two composite resins, unprotected or protected with a hydrosoluble gel (oxygen inhibitor) during final polymerization, when subjected to different staining solutions and daily tooth brushing simulation. Nanohybrid composite (IPS Empress Direct) or nanofilled composite (Filtek Z350) were used to produce round samples that were either unprotected or protected with a hydrosoluble gel before the final cycle of polymerization. For 5 days, the samples were immersed for 1 h/day in four different staining solutions: distilled water (control), coffee, soft drink, and red wine. Once a day, the samples were also subjected to mechanical brushing with soft-bristled brushes for 30 min. The combination of experimental conditions produced 16 groups (n = 10). Color changes (ΔE) were evaluated at baseline and after mechanical brushing cycles for 1, 3, and 5 days. Data were analyzed by linear regression models. Protection with hydrosoluble gel was able to significantly reduce the color change only on the first day (p = 0.001). The type of composite resin did not significantly affect the color change over the days. Wine affected composite resin color change only on the first day (p = 0.002). Over time, color stability of composite resins did not improve with the protection of a hydrosoluble gel before the final polymerization.

Liposomes Co- encapsulating Anticancer Drugs in Synergistic Ratios as an Approach to Promote Increased Efficacy and Greater Safety.

The era of chemotherapy began in the 1940s, but it was in the 1960s that it was seen as really promising when the first patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia were cured with combination chemotherapy. Today, it is known that due to resistance to single agents, combination therapy is essential for tumor eradication and cure. In the last decade, studies have shown that anticancer drug combinations can act synergistically or antagonistically against tumor cells in vitro, depending on the ratios of the individual drugs forming the combination. From this observation and facing the possibility of maintaining the in vivo synergistic ratio of combinations came the idea of co-encapsulating anticancer agents in nanosystems. In vivo studies validated this idea by showing that the co-encapsulation of anticancer agents in liposomes allows the maintenance of drug ratios in the plasma and the delivery of fixed drug ratios directly to tumor tissue, leading to a better efficacy compared to the administration of the free drugs combination. Liposomes co-encapsulating irinotecan/floxuridine are now in Phase II trial, and liposomes co-encapsulating cytarabine/daunorubicin were recently approved by the FDA for treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Investigation of the antitumor activity and toxicity of long-circulating and fusogenic liposomes co-encapsulating paclitaxel and doxorubicin in a murine breast cancer animal model.

To associate paclitaxel (PTX) with doxorubicin (DXR) is one of the main chemotherapy strategies for breast cancer (BC) management. Despite the high response rates for this combination, it presents a cardiotoxic synergism, attributed to pharmacokinetic interactions between PTX and both DXR and its metabolite, doxorubicinol. One of the main strategies to minimize the cardiotoxicity of the combination is to extend the interval of time between DXR and PTX administration. However, it has been previously suggested that their co-administration leads to better efficacy compared to their sequential administration. In the present study, we investigated different molar ratio combinations of PTX:DXR (10:1; 1:1, and 1:10) against the 4T1 murine breast cancer cell line and concluded that there is no benefit of enhancing PTX concentration above that of DXR on the combination. Therefore, we obtained a long-circulating and fusogenic liposomal formulation co-encapsulating PTX and DXR (LCFL-PTX/DXR) at a molar ratio of 1:10, respectively, which maintained the in vitro biological activity of the combination. This formulation was investigated for its antitumor activity and toxicity in Balb/c mice bearing 4T1 breast tumor, and compared to treatments with free PTX, free DXR, and the mixture of free PTX:DXR at 1:10 molar ratio. The higher tumor inhibition ratios were observed for the treatments with free and co-encapsulated PTX:DXR in liposomes (66.87 and 66.52%, respectively, P>0.05) as compared to the control. The great advantage of the treatment with LCFL-PTX/DXR was its improved cardiac toxicity profile. While degeneration was observed in the hearts of all animals treated with the free PTX:DXR combination, no signs of cardiac toxicity were observed for animals treated with the LCFL-PTX/DXR. Thus, LCFL-PTX/DXR enables the co-administration of PTX and DXR, and might be considered valuable for breast cancer management.

Análise comparativa entre isolamento microbiológico convencional e PCR para detecção de Salmonella spp. em produtos cárneos

Salmonella spp. está entre os principais agentes causadores de doenças de origem alimentar no mundo, representando um sério problema para saúde pública, portanto, a fiscalização de alimentos deve contar com métodos sensíveis e eficientes para detecção deste rnicro-organismo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma análise comparativa entre o isolamento microbiológico convencional e Reação em Cadeia Polimerase (PCR) para detecção de Salmonella spp. em produtos cárneos. Foram analisadas 22 amostras recebidas pela Agência Estadual de Defesa Sanitária Animal e Vegetal de Mato Grosso do Sul, sendo duas amostras de carne in natura resfriada, duas de charque, duas de mortadela, duas de salsichão e 14 de linguiça frescal. O cultivo microbiológico foi realizado conforme as normas vigentes no Brasil e para a PCR foram utilizados 1,5mL de solução salina peptonada tamponada a 1% e 1,5mL dos caldos Rappaport Vassiliadis (RSV) e Selenito Cistina (SC) de cada amostra. No método convencional não foram detectadas amostras positivas, enquanto na PCR, das 22 amostras, 13 foram positivas (59,1%). O caldo SC e solução salina permitiram melhor detecção do DNA de Salmonella spp., principalmente para as amostras de linguiça frescal, que apresentaram maior número de positivos. As duas amostras de salsichão e mortadela provenientes do caldo Rappaport Vassiliadis e uma de salsichão do caldo SC tiveram o DNA degradado, não sendo possível determinar se realmente estavam contaminadas pela bactéria. Não foi observada correlação entre a data de fabricação dos produtos e a data do início dos testes para detecção de Salmonella spp. De acordo com os resultados obtidos a PCR foi superior ao método microbiológico convencional para detecção de Salmonella spp. em produtos cárneos, apesar do protocolo de extração de DNA escolhido não ter sido eficiente para algumas amostras de salsichão e mortadela.(AU)

Salmonella spp. is one of the main agents causing foodborne diseases in the world and represents a serious problem for public health. Therefore, food control must have sensitive and efficient methods to detect this microorganism. The objective of the present study was to perform a comparative analysis between conventional microbiological isolation and PCR for the detection of Salmonella spp. in meat products. Twenty-two samples received from the State Agency for Animal and Plant Health Protection of Mato Grosso do Sul were analyzed, two samples of fresh meat, two of beef jerky, two of mortadella, two of sausage and 14 of fresh sausage. Microbiological culture was carried out according to the Brazilian norms, and 1.5mL of buffered peptone saline solution at 1% and 1.5mL of the Rappaport Vassiliadis (RVS) and Selenito Cistina (SC) broths of each sample were used for PCR. In the conventional method, no positive samples were detected, while for PCR, of the 22 samples, 13 were positive (59.1%). The SC broth and saline solution allowed a better detection of Salmonella spp. DNA, especially for the fresh sausage samples, which presented a higher number of positives. The two samples of sausage and mortadella from the RVS and one from SC had the DNA degraded and it was not possible to determine if these meat products were actually contaminated by the bacteria. No correlation was observed between the date of manufacture of the products and the start date of the tests for Salmonella spp. According to the results, PCR was superior to the conventional microbiological method for the detection of Salmonella spp. in meat products, although the chosen DNA extraction protocol was not efficient for some samples of sausage and mortadella.(AU)

Análise comparativa entre isolamento microbiológico convencional e PCR para detecção de Salmonella spp. em produtos cárneos / Comparative analysis between conventional microbiological isolation and PCR for detection of Salmonella spp. in meat products

Salmonella spp. está entre os principais agentes causadores de doenças de origem alimentar no mundo, representando um sério problema para saúde pública, portanto, a fiscalização de alimentos deve contar com métodos sensíveis e eficientes para detecção deste micro-organismo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma análise comparativa entre o isolamento microbiológico convencional e Reação em Cadeia Polimerase (PCR) para detecção de Salmonella spp. em produtos cárneos. Foram analisadas 22 amostras recebidas pela Agência Estadual de Defesa Sanitária Animal e Vegetal de Mato Grosso do Sul, sendo duas amostras de carne in natura resfriada, duas de charque, duas de mortadela, duas de salsichão e 14 de linguiça frescal. O cultivo microbiológico foi realizado conforme as normas vigentes no Brasil e para a PCR foram utilizados 1,5mL de solução salina peptonada tamponada a 1% e 1,5mL dos caldos Rappaport Vassiliadis (RSV) e Selenito Cistina (SC) de cada amostra. No método convencional não foram detectadas amostras positivas, enquanto na PCR, das 22 amostras, 13 foram positivas (59,1%). O caldo SC e solução salina permitiram melhor detecção do DNA de Salmonella spp., principalmente para as amostras de linguiça frescal, que apresentaram maior número de positivos. As duas amostras de salsichão e mortadela provenientes do caldo Rappaport Vassiliadis e uma de salsichão do caldo SC tiveram o DNA degradado, não sendo possível determinar se realmente estavam contaminadas pela bactéria. Não foi observada correlação entre a data de fabricação dos produtos e a data do início dos testes para detecção de Salmonella spp. De acordo com os resultados obtidos a PCR foi superior ao método microbiológico convencional para detecção de Salmonella spp. em produtos cárneos, apesar do protocolo de extração de DNA escolhido não ter sido eficiente para algumas amostras de salsichão e mortadela.

Salmonella spp. is one of the main agents causing foodborne diseases in the world and represents a serious problem for public health. Therefore, food control must have sensitive and efficient methods to detect this microorganism. The objective of the present study was to perform a comparative analysis between conventional microbiological isolation and PCR for the detection of Salmonella spp. in meat products. Twenty-two samples received from the State Agency for Animal and Plant Health Protection of Mato Grosso do Sul were analyzed, two samples of fresh meat, two of beef jerky, two of mortadella, two of sausage and 14 of fresh sausage. Microbiological culture was carried out according to the Brazilian norms, and 1.5mL of buffered peptone saline solution at 1% and 1.5mL of the Rappaport Vassiliadis (RVS) and Selenito Cistina (SC) broths of each sample were used for PCR. In the conventional method, no positive samples were detected, while for PCR, of the 22 samples, 13 were positive (59.1%). The SC broth and saline solution allowed a better detection of Salmonella spp. DNA, especially for the fresh sausage samples, which presented a higher number of positives. The two samples of sausage and mortadella from the RVS and one from SC had the DNA degraded and it was not possible to determine if these meat products were actually contaminated by the bacteria. No correlation was observed between the date of manufacture of the products and the start date of the tests for Salmonella spp. According to the results, PCR was superior to the conventional microbiological method for the detection of Salmonella spp. in meat products, although the chosen DNA extraction protocol was not efficient for some samples of sausage and mortadella.

Dietary flavonoids improve urinary arsenic elimination among Mexican women.

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure increases risk of several diseases, including cancer. Some nutrients such as flavonoids enhance glutathione activity, which in turn play a key role in iAs elimination. Our objective was to explore whether dietary non-soy flavonoids are associated with iAs metabolism. We hypothesized that the intake of flavonoids belonging to the following groups, flavan-3-ols, flavone, flavonol, flavanone, and anthocyanidin, is positively associated with urinary dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), which is the most soluble iAs metabolite excreted. We performed a cross-sectional study that included 1027 women living in an arsenic-contaminated area of northern Mexico. Flavonoid intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Concentration of urinary iAs and its metabolites (monomethylarsonic acid and DMA) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography ICP-MS. Results showed positive significant associations between DMA and the flavonoid groups flava-3-ols (ß= 0.0112) and flavones (ß= 0.0144), as well as the individual intake of apigenin (ß= 0.0115), luteolin (ß= 0.0138), and eriodictyol (ß= 0.0026). Our findings suggest that certain non-soy flavonoids may improve iAs elimination; however, there is still very limited information available regarding the consumption of flavonoids and iAs metabolism.