Self-compassion and Positive and Negative Affect in Medical Students during the Covid-19 Pandemic / Autocompaixão e afetos positivos e negativos de estudantes de medicina durante a pandemia de COVID-19

Introduction: studies demonstrate a higher rate of anxiety, depression and stress symptoms among Medical students when compared to the general population. The context of the coronavirus pandemic (SARS-CoV-2) generated additional stress to these students. Objective: the present study aimed to evaluate the emotional health of medical students at a Community University.Methods: there were 437 participants, that answered a sociodemographic questionaire, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Scale of Self-compassion ­ Brazil.Results: most (69%) are female, 63% live with their family, 35% have student loans, 59% practice some religion, 45% reported a diagnosis of psychological disorder, 27% use psychiatric medication and 9% use of psychoactive substances. More than 72% of women and 58% of men, presented scores of positive affects (PA), negative affects (NA), and self-compassion (SC) that were below the population mean. The report of psychological disorders and use of psychiatric drugs were also found to be significantly associated to lower rates of PA (respectively, p<0,0001 and p=0,030) and SC (p<0,001 in both) and higher rates of NA (p<0,001 in both).Conclusion: the results point to greater vulnerability of the psychological health of medical students during the pandemic and indicate the importance of adopting measures aimed at emotional well-being at the institutional level.

Introdução: estudos apontam maior índice de sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e estresse entre estudantes de Medicina quando comparados à população geral. O contexto da pandemia pelo novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) gerou uma carga adicional de estresse a estes estudantes.Objetivo: o presente artigo objetivou avaliar a saúde emocional de estudantes de medicina durante a pandemia.Método: participaram 437 estudantes, aos quais foi administrado um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Afetos Positivos e Afetos Negativos (PANAS) e a Escala de Autocompaixão ­ Brasil.Resultados: a maioria (69%) é do sexo feminino, 63% reside com a família, 35% possui financiamento estudantil, 59% pratica alguma religião, 45% relatou diagnóstico de transtorno psicológico, 27% faz uso de medicamento psiquiátrico e 9% faz uso de substâncias psicoativas. Mais de 72% das mulheres e 58% dos homens apresentaram escores de afetos positivos (AP), afetos negativos (AN) e autocompaixão (AC) abaixo da média populacional. O relato de transtorno psicológico e uso de medicamentos psiquiátricos demonstrou-se significativamente associado a menores índices de AP (respectivamente, p<0,0001 e p=0,030) e AC (p<0,001 em ambos) e maiores índices de AN (p<0,001 em ambos).Conclusão: os resultados apontam maior vulnerabilidade da saúde psicológica dos estudantes de Medicina durante a pandemia e indicam a importância da adoção de medidas que visem o bem-estar emocional no âmbito institucional.

Perfil e evolução da mortalidade por causas externas em Joinville (SC), 2003 a 2016 / Profile and trend in mortality due to external causes in Joinville (SC) from 2003 to 2016

Resumo Introdução A mortalidade por causas externas está entre as principais causas de óbito no mundo, com acentuada expressão em faixas etárias jovens. Objetivo Descrever o perfil das mortes por causas externas em município do Sul do país e verificar sua tendência nos últimos anos. Método Estudo retrospectivo dos óbitos por causas externas usando os coeficientes de mortalidade por sexo, grupo etário e causa da morte com análise por regressão quasi Poisson. Resultados O coeficiente de mortalidade foi de 46,3 por 100 mil habitantes, predominando os acidentes por transporte terrestre (40%) e agressões (30,5%). Identificou-se aumento de 53% nos coeficientes de mortalidade, com variações segundo sexo, grupo etário e tipo. Conclusão Necessitam-se intensificar políticas públicas conforme as especificidades na determinação dos tipos de morte em cada grupo etário.

Abstract Background Mortality due to external causes is among of the leading causes of death worldwide, with great expression in young age groups. Objective: To describe the profile of deaths from external causes in a southern municipality of Brazil and verify its trend in the last years. Method It was carried out a retrospective study of external causes deaths using mortality rates by gender, age group and cause of with quasi Poisson regression analysis. Results Mortality coefficient was 46 per 100,000 inhabitants prevailing transport accidents (40%) and aggressions (30.5%). Increase of 53% in mortality rate was detected with variations by gender, age group and type. Conclusion Social policies are necessary encompassing intersectoral actions and taking into account the specificities in determination of each age group's types of death.

Differences in the diagnosis of primary cutaneous melanoma in the public and private healthcare systems in Joinville, Santa Catarina State, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous melanoma accounts for up to 80% of deaths caused by skin cancer. Diagnostic suspicion and access to medical care and early intervention in suspected cases is vital to the patient's prognosis. OBJECTIVES: To compare demographic and histopathological characteristics of primary cutaneous melanoma diagnosed in the public healthcare system (Sistema Único de Saúde SUS) and the private system in Joinville, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional retrospective study analyzed primary cutaneous melanoma cases recorded from 2003 to 2014 in the resident population of Joinville. Ethical approval was obtained from the local Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS: 893 cases of primary cutaneous melanoma were identified. Patients in the private system were mostly younger, while there were more elderly patients in the public healthcare system (p <0.001). There was no statistically significant association between type of care (public/private) and gender or presence of multiple primary cutaneous melanomas. Histological diagnosis of superficial spreading melanoma was more common in patients treated in private healthcare, while nodular melanoma was more frequent in patients in the public healthcare system (p <0.001). Mean Breslow depth in patients treated in private healthcare was 1.35mm, compared to 2.72mm in the public system (p <0.001). STUDY LIMITATIONS: This was a retrospective study using secondary databases. CONCLUSIONS: thin cutaneous melanoma (in situ cutaneous melanoma and Breslow T1) showed the strongest association with the private healthcare system, while thick cutaneous melanoma was more frequent in the public system (Breslow category T3 and T4) (p <0.001).

Differences in the diagnosis of primary cutaneous melanoma in the public and private healthcare systems in Joinville, Santa Catarina State, Brazil

Abstract: Background: Cutaneous melanoma accounts for up to 80% of deaths caused by skin cancer. Diagnostic suspicion and access to medical care and early intervention in suspected cases is vital to the patient's prognosis. Objectives: To compare demographic and histopathological characteristics of primary cutaneous melanoma diagnosed in the public healthcare system (Sistema Único de Saúde SUS) and the private system in Joinville, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study analyzed primary cutaneous melanoma cases recorded from 2003 to 2014 in the resident population of Joinville. Ethical approval was obtained from the local Research Ethics Committee. Results: 893 cases of primary cutaneous melanoma were identified. Patients in the private system were mostly younger, while there were more elderly patients in the public healthcare system (p <0.001). There was no statistically significant association between type of care (public/private) and gender or presence of multiple primary cutaneous melanomas. Histological diagnosis of superficial spreading melanoma was more common in patients treated in private healthcare, while nodular melanoma was more frequent in patients in the public healthcare system (p <0.001). Mean Breslow depth in patients treated in private healthcare was 1.35mm, compared to 2.72mm in the public system (p <0.001). Study limitations: This was a retrospective study using secondary databases. Conclusions: thin cutaneous melanoma (in situ cutaneous melanoma and Breslow T1) showed the strongest association with the private healthcare system, while thick cutaneous melanoma was more frequent in the public system (Breslow category T3 and T4) (p <0.001).

Epidemiological and histopathological aspects of primary cutaneous melanoma in residents of Joinville, 2003-2014.

BACKGROUND: The worldwide incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) has been continuously increasing over the last decades. Primary and secondary prevention, with attention to risk factors and early diagnosis, remain the cornerstone for reducing the burden of cutaneous melanoma. Detailed information with respect to clinical and pathological data on cutaneous melanoma is scarce in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to analyze epidemiological and pathological characteristics of primary cutaneous melanoma in Joinville, southern Brazil. METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study in which 893 reports of primary cutaneous melanoma from the local population were analyzed in the period 2003-2014. The study was approved by the local Ethics and Research Committee. RESULTS: We observed a female predominance of cutaneous melanoma (56.3%). The age standardized incidence rate of primary cutaneous melanoma for the world population in the period 2003-06 was 11.8 per 100,000 population (CI 95%, 10.3-13.4), and 17.5 (CI 95%, 15.7-19.3) in 2011-14, revealing a significant increase of 48.3% (p < 0,05). Six and a half percent of patients had multiple cutaneous melanomas (mean 2.2 years and a maximum of 10.0 years between diagnoses). We observed significant differences between the location head/neck and cutaneous melanoma in situ, lower limb with Breslow depth S III and upper limb with Breslow depth S I. The comparison of the characteristics of cutaneous melanoma in the elderly and non-elderly (< 60 years old) showed significant differences with respect to all the variables studied. STUDY LIMITATIONS: Using secondary data source. CONCLUSION: Joinville has high incidence coefficients for Brazilian standards, showing an increase in the incidence of cutaneous melanoma.

Epidemiological and histopathological aspects of primary cutaneous melanoma in residents of Joinville, 2003-2014

Abstract: Background: The worldwide incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) has been continuously increasing over the last decades. Primary and secondary prevention, with attention to risk factors and early diagnosis, remain the cornerstone for reducing the burden of cutaneous melanoma. Detailed information with respect to clinical and pathological data on cutaneous melanoma is scarce in Brazil. Objective: The purpose of our study was to analyze epidemiological and pathological characteristics of primary cutaneous melanoma in Joinville, southern Brazil. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study in which 893 reports of primary cutaneous melanoma from the local population were analyzed in the period 2003-2014. The study was approved by the local Ethics and Research Committee. Results: We observed a female predominance of cutaneous melanoma (56.3%). The age standardized incidence rate of primary cutaneous melanoma for the world population in the period 2003-06 was 11.8 per 100,000 population (CI 95%, 10.3-13.4), and 17.5 (CI 95%, 15.7-19.3) in 2011-14, revealing a significant increase of 48.3% (p < 0,05). Six and a half percent of patients had multiple cutaneous melanomas (mean 2.2 years and a maximum of 10.0 years between diagnoses). We observed significant differences between the location head/neck and cutaneous melanoma in situ, lower limb with Breslow depth S III and upper limb with Breslow depth S I. The comparison of the characteristics of cutaneous melanoma in the elderly and non-elderly (< 60 years old) showed significant differences with respect to all the variables studied. Study limitations: Using secondary data source. Conclusion: Joinville has high incidence coefficients for Brazilian standards, showing an increase in the incidence of cutaneous melanoma.

Fatores associados à mortalidade infantil em município com índice de desenvolvimento humano elevado / Factors associated with infant mortality in a brazilian city with high human development index

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados à mortalidade infantil em município com bom desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo com 7.887 nascidos vivos do ano de 2012 registrados no Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) e associados por meio de linkage com o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) para identificação dos óbitos ocorridos no primeiro ano de vida. Os fatores de risco foram hierarquizados em três níveis de determinação: distal, intermediário e proximal. Os modelos de regressão logística binomial e o modelo multivariado quantificaram o impacto individual das variáveis testadas e ajustaram o efeito das variáveis de confundimento. A magnitude do efeito das variáveis explicativas foi estimada pelo cálculo do Odds Ratio (OR) bruta e ajustada e de seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%), sendo significante p<0,05. Resultados: Identificou-se 61 óbitos na coorte e o coeficiente de mortalidade infantil foi de 7,7 por mil nascidos vivos. Mãe adolescente (ORaj 3,75; IC95% 1,40-10,02), duração da gestação <32 semanas (ORaj 12,08; IC95% 2,30-63,38), peso ao nascer <1.500 g (ORaj 8,20; IC95% 1,52-44,23), Apgar no 1º e no 5º minuto de vida <7 (ORaj 4,82; IC95% 2,01-11,55 e ORaj 6,26; IC95% 1,93-20,30, respectivamente) e presença de malformação congênita (ORaj 21,49; IC95% 7,72-59,82) constituíram fatores de risco para os óbitos. Conclusões: A menor relevância dos fatores socioeconômicos e assistenciais e a maior importância dos fatores biológicos na determinação dos óbitos infantis podem refletir o efeito protetor do elevado desenvolvimento econômico e social dessa localidade.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify factors associated with infant mortality in a city with good socioeconomic development. Methods: A retrospective cohort study with 7,887 live births in the year of 2012 recorded in the Live Births Information System (SINASC) and associated by linkage with the Mortality Information System (SIM) to identify the deaths in the first year of life. The risk factors were ranked in three levels of determination: distal, intermediate and proximal. The logistic binomial regression models and the multivariate model quantified the impact of the individual variables tested and adjusted the effect of confounding variables. The magnitude of the effect of the explanatory variables was estimated by calculating the crude and adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), being significant p<0.05. Results: There were 61 deaths in the cohort and the infant mortality rate was 7.7 per thousand live births. Teenage mother (adjOR 3.75; 95%CI 1.40-10.02), gestational age <32 weeks (adjOR 12.08; 95%CI 2.30-63.38), weight at birth <1500g (adjOR 8.20; 95%CI 1.52-44.23), Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes of life <7 (adjOR 4.82; 95%CI 2.01-11.55 and adjOR 6.26; 95%CI 1,93-20,30, respectively) and the presence of congenital malformation (adjOR 21.49; 95%CI 7.72-59.82) were risk factors for infant mortality. Conclusions: The lower relevance of socioeconomic and health care variables and the greater importance of biological factors in determining infant mortality may reflect the protective effect of high economic and social development of the locality.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INFANT MORTALITY IN A BRAZILIAN CITY WITH HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX. / FATORES ASSOCIADOS À MORTALIDADE INFANTIL EM MUNICÍPIO COM ÍNDICE DE DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO ELEVADO.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with infant mortality in a city with good socioeconomic development. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study with 7,887 live births in the year of 2012 recorded in the Live Births Information System (SINASC) and associated by linkage with the Mortality Information System (SIM) to identify the deaths in the first year of life. The risk factors were ranked in three levels of determination: distal, intermediate and proximal. The logistic binomial regression models and the multivariate model quantified the impact of the individual variables tested and adjusted the effect of confounding variables. The magnitude of the effect of the explanatory variables was estimated by calculating the crude and adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), being significant p<0.05. RESULTS: There were 61 deaths in the cohort and the infant mortality rate was 7.7 per thousand live births. Teenage mother (adjOR 3.75; 95%CI 1.40-10.02), gestational age <32 weeks (adjOR 12.08; 95%CI 2.30-63.38), weight at birth <1500g (adjOR 8.20; 95%CI 1.52-44.23), Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes of life <7 (adjOR 4.82; 95%CI 2.01-11.55 and adjOR 6.26; 95%CI 1,93-20,30, respectively) and the presence of congenital malformation (adjOR 21.49; 95%CI 7.72-59.82) were risk factors for infant mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The lower relevance of socioeconomic and health care variables and the greater importance of biological factors in determining infant mortality may reflect the protective effect of high economic and social development of the locality.

OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores associados à mortalidade infantil em município com bom desenvolvimento socioeconômico. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo com 7.887 nascidos vivos do ano de 2012 registrados no Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) e associados por meio de linkage com o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) para identificação dos óbitos ocorridos no primeiro ano de vida. Os fatores de risco foram hierarquizados em três níveis de determinação: distal, intermediário e proximal. Os modelos de regressão logística binomial e o modelo multivariado quantificaram o impacto individual das variáveis testadas e ajustaram o efeito das variáveis de confundimento. A magnitude do efeito das variáveis explicativas foi estimada pelo cálculo do Odds Ratio (OR) bruta e ajustada e de seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%), sendo significante p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Identificou-se 61 óbitos na coorte e o coeficiente de mortalidade infantil foi de 7,7 por mil nascidos vivos. Mãe adolescente (ORaj 3,75; IC95% 1,40-10,02), duração da gestação <32 semanas (ORaj 12,08; IC95% 2,30-63,38), peso ao nascer <1.500 g (ORaj 8,20; IC95% 1,52-44,23), Apgar no 1º e no 5º minuto de vida <7 (ORaj 4,82; IC95% 2,01-11,55 e ORaj 6,26; IC95% 1,93-20,30, respectivamente) e presença de malformação congênita (ORaj 21,49; IC95% 7,72-59,82) constituíram fatores de risco para os óbitos. CONCLUSÕES: A menor relevância dos fatores socioeconômicos e assistenciais e a maior importância dos fatores biológicos na determinação dos óbitos infantis podem refletir o efeito protetor do elevado desenvolvimento econômico e social dessa localidade.

A populational based study on the prevalence of neonatal near miss in a city located in the South of Brazil: prevalence and associated factors / Estudo de base populacional sobre a prevalência de near miss neonatal em município do sul do Brasil: prevalência e fatores associados

Abstract Objectives: to identify the prevalence of neonatal near miss morbidity in the city of Joinville, SC and the associated factors. Methods: a populational based cross-sectional study including all live births in 2012 registered at SINASC. The near miss cases were identified based on the weight <1500g, Apgar scores at 5th minute <7, gestational age <32 weeks, use of mechanical ventilation or presence of congenital malformation. The gross odds ratios (OR) and its respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated and the logistic regression was performed to obtain the adjusted odds ratios and its respective 95% CI. Results: the prevalence of near miss was 33 per thousand live births (95% CI: 29-37). In the final model, a risk classification of live births according to the City Program (Programa Municipal) (ORaj= 19.7; 95% CI: 14.2 to 27.2), cesarean section (ORaj= 2.1; 95% CI:1.5 to 2.8) and public hospital (ORaj= 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2 to 2.3) remained associated to morbidity near miss. Conclusions: near miss morbidity was 7.3 times higher than neonatal mortality. To know its determinants in different national contexts may include some changes in the focus of public health actions by redirecting to preventive interventions.

Resumo Objetivos: identificar a prevalência de morbidade neonatal near miss no município de Joinville, SC e os fatores associados. Métodos: estudo transversal de base populacional com todos os nascidos vivos do ano de 2012 registrados no SINASC. Os casos de near miss foram identificados com base no peso < 1500g, Apgar de 5º minuto < 7, idade gestacional < 32 semanas, uso de ventilação mecânica ou presença de malformação congênita. Calculou-se o odds ratio (OR) bruto e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) e realizou-se regressão logística para a obtenção dos odds ratios ajustados e seus respectivos IC95%. Resultados: a prevalência de near miss foi de 33 por mil nascidos vivos (IC95%: 29-37). No modelo final, permaneceram associados à morbidade near miss, a classificação de risco do nascido vivo conforme o Programa Municipal (ORaj = 19,7; IC95%: 14,2-27,2), parto cesáreo (ORaj = 2,1; IC95%: 1,5-2,8) e hospital público (ORaj =1,7; IC95%: 1,2-2,3). Conclusões: a morbidade near miss foi 7,3 vezes maior que a mortalidade neonatal. Conhecer seus determinantes em diferentes contextos nacionais pode propiciar mudança no foco das ações de saúde pública, redirecionando-as para intervenções preventivas.

How Many Patients Become Functionally Dependent after a Stroke? A 3-Year Population-Based Study in Joinville, Brazil.

The decrease in stroke mortality will increase the burden of survivors with functional dependence (FD). The aim of this study was to evaluate how many patients become functionally dependent over 3 years after an incident event in Joinville, Brazil. The proportion of FD (defined as a modified Rankin score 3 to 5) among stroke survivors from the Joinville Stroke Registry was assessed using a validated telephone interview. Incidence of FD after stroke in Joinville in one year was 23.24 per 100,000 population. The overall proportion of FD among stroke survivors at discharge was 32.7%. Of 303 patients with first-ever ischaemic stroke (IS), one-third were FD at discharge, and 12%, 9% and 8%, respectively at 1, 2 and 3 years. Among 37 patients with haemorrhagic stroke (HS), 38% were dependent at discharge, 16% after 1 and 2 years and 14% after 3. Among 27 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), 19% were dependent at discharge and 4% from 1 to 3 years. Among IS subtypes, cardioembolic ones had the worst risk of FD. (RR 19.8; 95% CI: 2.2 to 175.9). Our results showed that one-third of stroke survivors have FD during the first year after stroke in Brazil. Therefore, a city with half a million people might expect 120 new stroke patients with FD each year.

Escolaridade e conhecimento sobre duração recomendada para o aleitamento materno exclusivo entre gestantes na Estratégia de Saúde da Família / Education and knowledge about recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding among pregnant women in the Family Health Strategy

Averiguar a proporção de gestantes acompanhadas em unidades de Saúde da Família que conhecem a duração ideal recomendada para o aleitamento materno exclusivo e identificar fatores associados ao conhecimento. Estudo transversal realizado em onze unidades de Saúde da Família em município do sul do país. Aplicou-se questionário estruturado e aferiu-se o conhecimento por meio de questão direta. Das 211 gestantes entrevistadas, 71,56% responderam corretamente à questão, sendo o maior índice de acerto entre as de maior escolaridade (p=0,013). Não se identificou associação entre o conhecimento correto e as características sócio-demográficas ou as relativas à saúde reprodutiva e assistência à saúde. Conclui-se que a proporção de gestantes acompanhadas em unidades de Saúde da Família com conhecimento sobre a duração recomendada para o aleitamento materno exclusivo foi baixa, por se tratar de uma informação básica, bastante abordada por profissionais de saúde e divulgada pela mídia. Autores chamam a atenção para a necessidade das equipes multidisciplinares de Saúde da Família intensificarem o trabalho de educação em saúde junto às gestantes com relação à prática do aleitamento materno, especialmente entre as gestantes de baixa escolaridade.

To verify the proportion of pregnant women followed at Family Health units who know the ideal recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding and identify associated factors. Cross sectional study undertaken in eleven Family Health units at a municipality in the south of the country. A structured questionnaire was applied to evaluate pregnant women´s knowledge through a direct question. Among the 211 pregnant women interviewed, 71,56% answered correctly the question, with the highest index among those of higher education level (p= 0,013). We did not identify association between correct knowledge and women´s sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive health or health provision. We conclude that the proportion of pregnant women followed in Family Health units with adequate knowledge on the ideal recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding was low, since it´s a basic information constantly approached by healthcare professionals and exposed in the media. Authors call the attention to the importance of multidisciplinary teams to intensify the education work in relation to breastfeeding, especially among those pregnant women with a low education level.

Nursing practices for pain management in hospitals of a city of Santa Catarina / Práticas de enfermagem no manuseio da dor em hospitais de um município de Santa Catarina

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Pain is the fifth vital sign and requires from health professionals specific skills and knowledge for its management. This study aimed at evaluating nursing practices for pain management in hospitals of a city in Southern Brazil.METHODS:This was a cross-sectional and quantitative study carried out by means of a structured questionnaire to evaluate professional characteristics and knowledge about pain in a sample of 418 professionals: 63 nurses and 355 nursing technicians from three hospitals, two public and one private, between July 2012 and August 2013. Chi-square and Fisher Exact tests were used to evaluate associations between explanatory variables and groups (professional category, type of hospital and time of professional exercise), with significance level of 5%.RESULTS:From all participants, 27.5% have attended specific discipline in their qualification; 30.6% have attended pain qualification courses; 66.7% know about pain evaluation methods and 58.6% use them. Private hospital professionals are more skilled in pain evaluation methods (p<0.001), as well as more recently graduated professionals (p=0.005). These methods were more broadly used by nurses (p=0.036); private hospital professionals (p<0.001) and those more recently graduated (p<0.001). Nurses better understand the concept of transduction (p<0.001); private hospital professionals follow more pain evaluation protocols (p<0.001) as well as those more recently graduated (p=0.013).CONCLUSION:Health professionals must improve their knowledge in this area so that nursing practices for pain management are adequately followed in hospitals of a city of Santa Catarina.

RESUMOJUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS:A dor é considerada o quinto sinal vital e exige dos profissionais de saúde habilidades e conhecimentos específicos para seu manuseio. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a prática de enfermagem no manuseio da dor em hospitais de um município no sul do Brasil.MÉTODOS:Pesquisa transversal quantitativa, realizada com aplicação de um questionário estruturado que avaliou características profissionais e o conhecimento sobre dor em uma amostra de 418 profissionais: 63 enfermeiros e 355 técnicos de enfermagem, em 3 hospitais, dois públicos e um privado, entre julho de 2012 e agosto de 2013. Para avaliar associações entre as variáveis explicativas e os grupos (categoria profissional, tipo de hospital e tempo de exercício profissional) utilizaram-se os testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%.RESULTADOS:Dos profissionais, 27,5% cursaram disciplina específica em sua formação; 30,6% realizaram curso de capacitação sobre dor; 66,7% conhecem métodos de avaliação da dor e 58,6% os utilizam. Os profissionais do hospital privado possuem mais conhecimento sobre métodos de avaliação da dor (p<0,001), e também os profissionais formados mais recentemente (p=0,005). A utilização destes métodos foi maior entre os enfermeiros (p=0,036); profissionais do hospital privado (p<0,001) e formados há menos tempo (p<0,001). Os enfermeiros conhecem mais o conceito de transdução (p<0,001); os profissionais do hospital privado seguem mais os protocolos para avaliar a dor (p<0,001), e também aqueles formados há menos tempo (p=0,013).CONCLUSÃO:Os profissionais da saúde necessitam melhorar o conhecimento nesta área para que as práticas da enfermagem no manuseio da dor ocorram adequadamente em hospitais de um município de Santa Catarina.

Frequência e características maternas e do recém nascido associadas à internação de neonatos em UTI no município de Joinville, Santa Catarina - 2012 / The frequency and characteristics of mothers and newborns associated with the admission of neonates to ICU in the municipality of Joinville, Santa Catarina - 2012

Determinar a frequência e os fatores associados à internação de recém-nascidos em UTI neonatal no município de Joinville, Santa Catarina. Métodos: estudo transversal com base nos registros de nascidos vivos (DNV) e de internações em Unidades de Terapia Intensivas (UTI) neonatais em 2012. Para avaliar associações entre variáveis explicativas e desfecho foram estimados odds ratios (OR) brutos e ajustados e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95 por cento com a técnica de regressão logística. Resultados: a frequência de internação em UTI neonatal foi de 11,7 por cento (9,69-13,7). Baixo peso ao nascer (ORaj = 8,1 [6,3 - 10,3]), malformação congênita (ORaj = 6,0 [3,2 – 11,2]), Apgar de 5º minuto < 7 (ORaj = 5,7 [2,6 - 12,3]), prematuridade (ORaj = 3,4 [(2,7 – 4,1]), sexo masculino (ORaj = 1,5 [1,2 - 1,8]), hospital público (ORaj = 2,0 [1,6 - 2,4]), mãe sem companheiro (ORaj = 1,4 [1,2 - 1,7]), baixa escolaridade materna (ORaj = 1,4 [1,2 - 1,7]) e < 7 consultas no pré natal (ORaj = 1,3[1,1 - 1,6]) constituíram fatores de risco para internação. Conclusões: as características biológicas dos recém-nascidos associadas à internação em UTI neonatal são passíveis de prevenção, evidenciando a importância da qualificação da assistência à gestante e recém-nascido...

To determine the frequency of and factors associated with the admission of newborns to neonatal ICU in the municipality of Joinville, Santa Catarina. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted based on the records of live births (DNV) and admissions to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in 2012. To evaluate associations between the explanatory variables and the outcome, the crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated with respective confidence intervals of 95 percent using the logistic regression technique. Results: the frequency of admission to NICU was 11.7 percent (9.69-13.7). Low birth weight (ORadj = 8.1 [6.3 – 10.3]), congenital deformity (ORadj = 6.0 [3.2 – 11.2]), a 5th minute Apgar score < 7 (ORadj = 5.7 [2.6 – 12.3]), prematurity (ORadj = 3.4 [(2.7 – 4.1]), male sex (ORaj = 1.5 [1.2 – 1.8]), public hospital (ORadj = 2.0 [1;6 – 2.4]), single mother (ORadj = 1.4 [1.2 – 1.7]), low level of education of mother (ORadj = 1.4 [1.2 – 1.7]) and < 7 prenatal consults (ORadj = 1.3[1.1 – 1.6]) were found to be risk factors for admission. Conclusions: the biological characteristics of the newborns associated with admission to neonatal intensive care units are susceptible to prevention, thereby demonstrating the importance of improving care for pregnant women and newborns...

Three-year survival and recurrence after first-ever stroke: the Joinville stroke registry.

BACKGROUND: Data estimating the recurrence and risk of death are lacking in low and middle income countries, where two thirds of the stroke burden occurs. Previously we had shown that the incidence and mortality have been decreasing over the last 18 years in Joinville, Southern Brazil. In this study, we aim to determine the recurrence rates, survival rates and the cause of death in 3 years after their first-ever incident in a urban population-based setting. METHODS: From the Joinville Stroke Registry, we identified all the cases of first-ever stroke that occurred from October 2009 to September 2010. Multiple overlapping sources of information were used to ensure the completeness of case identification. Patients were followed up prospectively at regular intervals from 30-days to 3 years after the index event. Kaplan-Meir and Cox proportional hazards were used to assess the cumulative risk of death and recurrence. RESULTS: We registered 407 first-ever stroke patients. After 3 years, 136 (33%) had died. In the first year of stroke the risk of death was 28% (95% CI, 25 to 32). Beyond the first year, approximately 3 to 5% of survivors died each year. The cumulative risk of death in ischemic stroke (IS) subtypes was 3.6 higher for cardioembolic (CE) IS (hazard ratio 3.6, 95% CI, 2.1 to 6.4; p = 0.001) and 3.3 times higher for undetermined IS (HR 3.3, 95% CI 1.9 to 5.8; p = 0.001) compared to small artery occlusion IS. Over 3 years, the overall stroke recurrence risk was 9% (35/407). We found no difference in stroke recurrence risk between IS subtypes. Cardiovascular disease was the main cause of death all follow up time. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to other cohort studies conducted between 10 and 20 years ago in high-income countries, our recurrence rates and 3-year risk of death were similar. Among IS subtypes, we confirmed that CE has highest risk of death. The most common cause of death after a first-ever stroke is cardiovascular disease. This has implications for the uptake of current secondary preventive strategies and the development of new strategies.

Avaliação do risco epidemiológico e do desempenho dos programas de controle de tuberculose nas Regiões de Saúde do estado de Santa Catarina, 2003 a 2010* / Evaluation of epidemiologic risk and Tuberculosis Control Program performance by health regions, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2003-2010

Avaliar o risco epidemiológico e o desempenho dos programas de controle de tuberculose segundo Regiões de Saúde do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, no período de 2003 a 2010. Métodos: estudo ecológico com dados fornecidos pela vigilância epidemiológica estadual, compreendendo 4 indicadores de risco e 11 de desempenho do programa; calculou-se a mediana de cada indicador por Região e atribuiu-se pontos conforme a distribuição percentilar, permitindo-se a criação de um índice de gravidade. Resultados: verificou-se a existência de diferentes níveis de risco de morbimortalidade e distintos índices de desempenho das ações de controle da tuberculose nas Regiões de Saúde; o índice de gravidade permitiu identificar 6 Regiões de maior gravidade, 9 intermediárias e 6 de menor gravidade, com diferenças nos escores de risco e desempenho (p<0,001). Conclusão: evidenciou-se grande variedade de nichos de gravidade distribuídos nas diversas Regiões, bem como diversidade no empenho da gestão administrativa para seu enfrentamento...

To evaluate epidemiologic risk and Tuberculosis Control Program performance by Health Region in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 2003-2010. Methods: this was an ecological study using state epidemiologic surveillance data comprising 4 risk indicators and 11 Tuberculosis Program performance indicators; we calculated the median for each indicator by region and gave scores according to percentile ranking. A severity index was thus created. Results: different levels of morbi-mortality risk and distinct Tuberculosis control performance indexes were found in the regions; the severity index created allowed us to identify six regions with high severity, nine intermediate and six with low severity, although there were differences in risk and performance scores (p<0.001). Conclusion: a great variety was found in the distribution of pockets of disease severity in the different regions, as was diversity in health management efforts to overcome them...

Programa de apoio matricial em cardiologia: qualificação e diálogo com profissionais da atenção primária / Matrix support program in cardiology: qualification and dialogue with primary care professionals

O apoio matricial é uma estratégia potente e inovadora para enfrentar o desafio de reorganizar e qualificar o processo assistencial das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Este artigo relata a implantação do Programa de Apoio Matricial em Cardiologia na rede básica de saúde de um município na Região Sul do Brasil e seus resultados iniciais. Trata-se de um estudo de pesquisa-ação no qual os pesquisadores em campo foram um cardiologista e uma enfermeira que participaram ativamente do delineamento do Programa de Apoio Matricial em Cardiologia. O material empírico foi constituído por anotações de campo, registros da Central de Regulação e depoimentos dos principais agentes envolvidos na implantação e realização do apoio matricial, obtidos em entrevistas semiestruturadas e reuniões. O programa foi implantado em 2010, em todas as 56 unidades básicas de saúde com os objetivos de expandir a educação permanente para os profissionais da rede e capacitar as equipes de saúde para a resolução de problemas cardiológicos que demandem menor densidade tecnológica. Os resultados evidenciam maior resolubilidade dos médicos da atenção primária, com consequente redução e qualificação dos encaminhamentos para os cardiologistas, acesso mais rápido aos cardiologistas e aos exames, além de importante redução da fila dessa especialidade. Propõe-se a continuidade desse programa, sua reprodução em outros locais e incorporação de outros profissionais que atuam nas equipes multidisciplinares da atenção primária...

Matrix support is a powerful and innovative strategy to face the challenge of reorganizing and qualifying the clinical process of chronic non-communicable diseases in the Brazilian National Health System. This article reports the deployment of the Matrix Support Program in Cardiology in primary health care services in a town in southern Brazil and its initial results. This is an action research study in which the field researchers were a cardiologist and a nurse who actively participated in designing the Matrix Support Program in Cardiology. The empirical material consisted of field notes, records from the Regulation Center, and accounts by key players involved in the deployment and execution of matrix support, obtained by means of semi-structured interviews and meetings. The program was deployed in 2010, in all of the 56 primary health centers aiming both to increase continuing education for professionals in the network and train the health teams to solve cardiologic problems requiring less technological resources. The results show better ability to solve problems on the part of the primary care physicians, with consequent decreased and qualified referrals to cardiologists, faster access to cardiologists and examinations, in addition to a significantly shorter queue for this specialty. We propose to continue this program, replicate it in other locations, and incorporate other professionals working in the multidisciplinary teams of primary care...

Quem são e como são tratados os pacientes que internam por diabetes mellitus no SUS? / Who they are and how are cared of the patients hospitalized for diabetes mellitus in SUS?

Esta pesquisa objetivou descrever o perfil de pacientes de 30 a 59 anos internados por Diabetes mellitus (DM) e complicações, os aspectos relativos à saúde e atenção recebida, listar as principais causas de internação e verificar a adesão dos pacientes ao tratamento recomendado. Realizou-se estudo transversal com uso do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS e entrevistas. Encontrou-se a taxa de internação de 1,77 por 10 mil e entrevistaram-se 50 pacientes, predominantemente do sexo masculino com várias comorbidades. A maioria foi atendida na atenção primária, havendo relatos de dificuldade no acesso. O sub-registro das internações por DM e suas complicações limita o uso desse indicador.

This research aimed to describe the profile of patients between 30 and 59 years hospitalized with diabetes mellitus and its complications, health-related aspects and care received, to list the main causes of hospitalization and to verify the adherence of patients to treatment. A cross-sectional study was conducted by means of SUS Hospital Information System and by interviews. A hospitalization index of 1.77 per 10 thousand cases was found and fifty patients were interviewed, predominantly males with several comorbidities. Most of them were assisted at primary care level and reported difficulties in accessing the service. The underreporting of hospitalization cases by diabetes and its complications restricts the use of this indicator.

Condições cardiológicas sensíveis à atenção primária em serviço terciário de saúde: apenas a ponta do iceberg / Cardiac primary care sensitive conditions in a tertiary health service: only the tip of the iceberg

Objetivou-se quantificar e descrever a demanda de pacientes em relação a um serviço de saúde terciário por Condições Cardiológicas Sensíveis à Atenção Primária (CCSAP) e determinar o coeficiente e a proporção de internação por CCSAP. Estudo transversal realizado em hospital público regional, no qual se avaliou pacientes adultos atendidos no serviço de urgência com CCSAP. O coeficiente de internação foi de 11,4 por 10 mil e apenas 18,8% foram internados. Houve predomínio de angina (48,5%), seguida de hipertensão arterial (38,8%) e insuficiência cardíaca (12,7%). As internações por CCSAP corresponderam a pequena parcela dos pacientes que demandaram atenção, colocando limites ao uso do indicador.

The aim of the study was to quantify and to describe the demand of patients for tertiary health care service due to Primary Care-Sensitive Cardiac Conditions (CCSAP) and to determine both the CCSAP hospitalization coefficient and rate. A cross-sectional study held at a regional tertiary hospital where adult patients diagnosed with CCSAP were evaluated. The adjusted hospitalization rate was 11.4/10,000 and only 18.8% were hospitalized. There was a predominance of angina (48,5%), followed by hypertension (38,8%) and heart failure (12,7%). The admissions for CCSAP represented a small part of the patients who demanded attention, placing limits to the use of the indicator.

[Social capital and quality of healthcare: the experiences of Brazil and Catalonia]. / Capital social e qualidade da atenção à saúde: as experiências do Brasil e da Catalunha.

Distinct models of health management reflect the core principles upon which they were founded and their institutional arrangement can lead to the improvement of health policy. This paper seeks to reflect on the potential benefits and limitations of the organizational structure and the social capital to lead to changes in the performance of public health organizations in the quest for enhanced quality of care. The description and analysis of two experiences of universal public health systems, in Catalonia and in Brazil, reveal similarities in the legal basis of both health systems. However, the mode of deployment differed greatly, which gave rise to divergent management experiences. One prioritized managerial organization, while the other concentrated on the importance of the social actors promoting the institutionalization of social capital. It is suggested that models of management with dialogue between an efficient organizational design and citizen participation capable of constructing social capital may lead to change in the organizational culture and enhance the quality of care.

Capital social e qualidade da atenção à saúde: as experiências do Brasil e da Catalunha / Social capital and quality of healthcare: the experiences of Brazil and Catalonia

Os diferentes modelos de gestão da saúde refletem as concepções que os embasam e seus arranjos institucionais podem propiciar o aprimoramento da política de saúde. O presente artigo objetiva fazer uma reflexão sobre as potencialidades e os limites da estrutura organizacional e do capital social para produzirem mudanças no desempenho das organizações públicas de saúde na busca de melhor qualidade assistencial. A descrição e a análise de duas experiências de organização de sistemas públicos de saúde universais, na Catalunha e no Brasil, mostram similaridades nos marcos legais, porém com uma diversidade de caminhos trilhados, que deu origem a experiências distintas de gestão, uma priorizando a organização gerencial e a outra o protagonismo de atores sociais promovendo a institucionalização do capital social. Sugere-se que em modelos de gestão onde há diálogo entre um desenho organizacional eficiente e participação cidadã capaz de construir capital social, pode-se promover mudanças na cultura organizacional em prol da qualidade assistencial.

Distinct models of health management reflect the core principles upon which they were founded and their institutional arrangement can lead to the improvement of health policy. This paper seeks to reflect on the potential benefits and limitations of the organizational structure and the social capital to lead to changes in the performance of public health organizations in the quest for enhanced quality of care. The description and analysis of two experiences of universal public health systems, in Catalonia and in Brazil, reveal similarities in the legal basis of both health systems. However, the mode of deployment differed greatly, which gave rise to divergent management experiences. One prioritized managerial organization, while the other concentrated on the importance of the social actors promoting the institutionalization of social capital. It is suggested that models of management with dialogue between an efficient organizational design and citizen participation capable of constructing social capital may lead to change in the organizational culture and enhance the quality of care.