Genomic analysis of a cypovirus isolated from the eucalyptus brown looper, Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae).

The eucalyptus brown looper, Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), is the main lepidopteran defoliator of eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. Outbreaks of this insect pest are common in Brazil and can affect the productivity of planted forests severely. T. arnobia caterpillars from a laboratory colony with viral infection symptoms were analyzed by electron microscopy that revealed polyhedral occlusion bodies (OBs) with several icosahedral virus particles embedded. Analysis of its genetic material showed ten segments of dsRNA, which confirmed this virus as a possible member of the genus Cypovirus. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome sequence revealed its close relationship with other isolates of Cypovirus 14 species and according to these results we proposed the name Thyrinteina arnobia cypovirus 14 (TharCPV-14) for this new virus isolate. Further research will be necessary in order to analyze the potential of this virus as a biopesticide.

Management of the American cockroach's oothecae: The potential of entomopathogenic fungi control.

The Periplaneta americana species is an annoyance to man, causing allergies and damage to clothes and documents. It has the ability to spread pathogens and requires control measures. Control with natural enemies is less aggressive and can currently be applied with less risk than other techniques, such as chemical control, which is the main method used worldwide to control its post-embryonic stages. The potential microbial control of nymphs and adults of this pest has been shown, but little is known about its oothecae. There are isolates of fungal species that can be used to achieve this aim, but they may have innate differences in their virulence and ability to spread. This study aimed to identify fungal isolates JAB 68 and IBCB 35 through genetic sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, analyze their ability to synthesize chitinase, and investigate and compare their aggressiveness against P. americana oothecae and their influence on nymph eclosion. Fungal suspensions were inoculated into minimal medium containing glucose (control) as the sole carbon source and 1% colloidal chitin to determine the chitinolytic activity on the 4th, 7th and 10th days and sporulation on the 10th day. To obtain mortality, extrusion and the compiled number of hatched nymphs, oothecae were sprayed with suspensions of the isolates as follows: T1 - no application; T2 - aqueous solution of Tween 80® 0.1% (vehicle suspension for treatments T3 to T8); T3 - 2 × 109 conidia/mL of the JAB 68 isolate; T4 - 2 × 108 con./mL of the JAB 68 isolate; T5 - 2 × 107 con./mL of the JAB 68 isolate; T6 - 2 × 109 con./mL of the IBCB 35 isolate; T7 - 2 × 108 con./mL of the IBCB 35 isolate; T8 - 2 × 107 con./mL of the IBCB 35 isolate. The JAB 68 and IBCB 35 isolates were identified as belonging to the species Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, respectively. Chitinolytic activity and extrusion were good parameters for evaluating the fungi's action on oothecal control. The most aggressive entomopathogen was M. anisopliae isolate JAB 68, with shorter time for fungus extrusion at a concentration of 2 × 107 con./mL. B. bassiana reduced the number of hatched nymphs at a concentration of 2 × 108 con./mL. Both fungi are capable of infecting and killing P. americana's oothecae and reducing the number of nymphs hatched.