[Local level of neoangiogenesis factors in dynamics of experimental metastatic process in liver].

UNLABELLED: The aim--to study the dynamics content of VEGF-A, VEGF-R1, EGF and EGF-R1 in liver and spleen tissues from rats at different stages of liver metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have designed a model of liver metastases in male rats. The content of growth factors was examined by ELISA at 1, 2 and 5 weeks of carcinogenesis in tissue of liver and tumors of spleen. RESULTS: The content of growth factors increased in liver tissue at different stages of metastasis. The concentration of VEGF-A increased gradually from the 1st to 5th week carcinogenesis. The concentration of VEGF-R1 increased after 2 weeks and decreased slightly after 5 weeks of carcinogenesis. The level of all components of EGF/EGF-R1 increased after 2 weeks of carcinogenesis. CONCLUSION: The following pathogenetic aspects of liver metastasis were defined: change in levels of VEGF-A/VEGF-R1 indicating the progressive development of the process of neoangiogenesis, and increased levels of EGF/EGF-R1 responsible for metastasis processes.

[Serpins in hyperplastic colon tissue].

The purpose of the study was to define α-2-macroglobulin (α-2M) and α-1-proteinase inhibitor (α-1PI) in tissues of malignant tumors and polyps of the lower parts of the colon. 28 patients had malignant tumors of the sigmoid colon or rectum (T3N0-1M0-2), 29 had polyps of the same location. Content of α-2M and α-1PI was studied in cytosols of the central, peripheral and conditionally healthy tissues (of resection line) of the mentioned hyperplasias by the ELISA method using standard test kits. Suppression of a-2M and increase of α-1PI (perifocal zone) were found in malignant tumor tissue, as well as α-1PI maintenance in tumorous focus. Increase of α-2M and decrease of α-1PI were detected in polyp tissue. Changes in physiological balance of serpins were assessed by α-1PI/α-2M ratio in comparison with the resection line. The risk of distortion of proliferation and differentiation processes increases in polyps in ineffective inhibition of proteolysis under the influence of released factors of malignancy. Endogenous or medicamentous restoration of balance of interaction of trypsin-like proteases and kallikrein with inhibitors will probably play the crucial role.

[Dynamics of growth factors in the spleen and liver of rats at different stages of metastatic hepatic reconstitution].

UNLABELLED: The aim--to study the dynamics of IGF-I, IGS-II, TGF-ß1 in liver and spleen tissues from rats at different stages of liver metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have designed a model of liver metastases in male rats. The content of growth factors was examined by ELISA at 1, 2 and 5 weeks of carcinogenesis in tissue of liver and tumors of spleen. RESULTS: The content of growth factors increased in liver tissue at different stages of metastasis. The concentration of TGF-ß, increased from the first to the fifth week of carcinogenesis. The level of IGF-I increased after 2 weeks of carcinogenesis. CONCLUSION. Pathogenetic moments of metastasis to the liver are the change of growth factors levels, indicating intensification of metastasis from 2 weeks of carcinogenesis and proliferation from 1 to 5 weeks.

[Effect of epithalamin on free-radical reactions in the formed elements of blood from breast cancer patients]. / Vliianie épitalamina na aktivnost' svobodnoradikal'nykh protsessov v formennykh élementakh krovi bol'nykh rakom molochnoi zhelezy.

Translocation of cytomedins into the cell is determined by their interaction with cellular membranes. The investigation concerned membrane-associated free-radical reactions in the formed elements of blood incubated with epithalamin. The antioxidative effect of epithalamin on such elements as red blood cells and lymphocytes sampled from breast cancer patients manifested itself as enhanced activity of antioxidative enzymes and elevated concentrations of fat-soluble antioxidative vitamins in the membranes. These changes are likely to be brought about by the intensification of their regeneration from the oxidized forms. It is suggested that the stimulating effect of epithalamin on immunocompetent cells is due to its modulating influence on free-radical reactions. This effect gives epithalamin significant advantage over many immunotropic drugs and makes a case for its large-scale application for immunological rehabilitation of cancer patients.

[Changes of antioxidant parameters correlating with clinical regression of uterine cervix neoplasms]. / Izmenenie pokazatelei antioksidantnoi sistemy organizma v zavisimosti ot klinicheskoi regressii opukholi sheiki matki.

In order to identify processes associated with clinically-proven regression, we analyzed variations of the indices of the antioxidant system in 151 patients with cervical carcinoma (T3N3Mo) who had received remote gamma-therapy or endolymphatic administration of large doses of cytostatic and/or immunomodulating drugs. The study established significant disturbances in the function of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the antioxidant system, the extent of which was determined by therapy effectiveness. A close link was found between regression and the structural and functional condition of cellular membranes of formed elements of the blood. Our investigation identified variations in the basal levels of superoxide dismutase in tumor tissue as well as those in the course of treatment, depending on variations in response.

[Role of the antioxidant system of the brain in the antineoplastic mechanism of ultra-low frequency magnetic fields]. / Rol' antioksidantnykh sistem mozga v mekhanizme antikantserogennogo vliianiia sverkhnizkochastotnykh magnitnykh polei.

The study deals with the possible effects of ultra low frequency magnetic fields (ULF MF) on carcinogenesis in the brain and oxidative metabolism disorders associated with it. Animals were exposed to modulated ULF MF at pathogenetically-sensitive stages of the "biochemical restructuring" of the body. This allowed to adjust carcinogenic development by extending latent period of tumor and life span of tumor-bearing animals. To counter carcinogenesis, ULF MF were used to help build stable antioxidative links, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic, and stimulate their performance at early stages of tumorigenesis.

[Effect of small doses of ionizing radiation on selected antioxidant and immunologic parameters in patients with cervical cancer]. / Vliianie malykh doz ioniziruiushchego izlucheniia na otdel'nye pokazateli antiokislitel'noi sistemy zashchity organizma i immunnyi status bol'nykh rakom sheiki matki.

We analyzed the indices of antioxidant and immune systems in 69 patients with cervical carcinoma T3NxMo at different stages of radiotherapy. Radiation doses of 10-20 Gy were followed by certain normalization of antioxidant enzyme levels, increased concentrations of vitamins E and A in immunocompetent blood cells and improved the penetration and elastic properties of formed cells. The dosage stimulated the activity of helper-inducing and cytotoxic T-cells. Such effects should be taken into account when working out regimens of complex treatment of locally-advanced cervical carcinoma which include cytostatic drugs and radiation.

[Effect of chemotherapeutical agents on the structure and function of blood serum albumin in breast cancer]. / Vliianie khimiopreparatov na strukturu i funktsional'nye svoistva al'bumina syvorotki krovi bol'nykh rakom molochnoi zhelezy.

Superoxide-removing activity, the number of sulfo-hydryl NH2-groups and groups, mean mass molecular concentration, free and antioxidant activity of albumin were determined in blood serum and its albumin fraction in 20 patients with breast cancer T3-4N1-2Mo, before and after incubation with cyclophosphamide, adriablastin, methotrexate and vincristine at concentrations used in clinic. Our data suggested that, following incubation with blood plasma, chemotherapeutic drugs bound to albumin fraction and protein fragmentation took place. Preincubation of blood plasma with the drugs and their immobilization on albumin molecules caused protein fragmentation to occur. Fragments having pro-oxidant properties might have been absorbed and fixed by both tumor tissues and any others thus creating a pool of fast-dividing cells and organs. Therefore, cytostatic drugs can exert enhanced antitumor action and, at the same time, a highly toxic effect when administered with autoplasma during chemotherapy.

[Structural-functional changes in lymphocyte ans erythrocyte membranes after exposure to alternating magnetic field]. / Strukturno-funktsional'nye izmeneniia membran limfotsitov i éritrotsitov pod vozdeistviem peremennogo magnitnogo polia.

The lymphocyte membrane fluidity, membrane potential, isoenzyme spectrum of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catabolic product level of blood cell receptors in rats, healthy volunteers and patients with ovary and skin tumors were studied under the influence of low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF). The increase of fluidity of rat blood lymphocyte membranes was observed at 20 and 40 min exposure of the lymphocyte suspension to EMF. The increase of ANS fluorescence observed after 20 min exposure to EMF suggested a decrease of cell membrane potential. EMF exerted opposite changes of lymphocyte membrane fluidity of healthy volunteers and the effect depended on the initial level of this parameter. Study of SOD isoenzyme spectrum revealed that Cu,Zn-dependent SOD can account for the superoxide dismutase catalytic activity of supernatant and lymphocytes. The EMF exposure for 20 min caused 2-fold increase of SOD activity. The EMF exposure for 40 min caused the further increase of SOD activity but only in lymphocytes. At the same time the EMF exposure did not influence the actual SOD-activity in erythrocytes. However, there was clear anti-R-reagent-sensitive SOD-activity which was not abolished by DDC. The reasons and possible consequences of these changes of feuidity and SOD-activity under EMF effect are discussed.

[Effect of homolymph on some elements of antioxidants in peripheral blood of lung cancer patients]. / Vliianie gomolimfy na nekotorye zven'ia antiokislitel'noi zashchity perifericheskoi krovi bol'nykh rakom lëgkogo.

The influence of homolymph and of that incubated with chemopreparations on in vitro activity of antioxidants of blood was compared to establish a possible mechanism of effective application of homolymphochemotherapy for locally advanced tumors of the lung. As a result of homolymph injection into the blood, mainly non-enzymatic systems of antioxidant defense by lymphocytes were affected. This was probably due to their being disposed of in the course of host-against-transplant reaction to heterogenous antigens of donor lymph. Neutrophil functional activity was shown to pick up again as homolymph and chemotherapeutic drugs interacted with blood. A possible therapeutic effect of homolymph and chemopreparations on blood may be alleviating lung tumor suppression of granulocytes.

[The effect of autolymph on peripheral blood antioxidants in lung cancer patients]. / Vliianie autolimfy na sistemu antiokislitel'noi zashchity perifericheskoi krovi bol'nykh rakom legkogo.

To establish the effect of autolymphochemotherapy on enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems of antioxidant protection of plasma and formed elements in blood of lung cancer patients, certain indices of peroxidation processes were simulated using a model containing blood and autolymph (with chemopreparations) sampled from patients with lung tumors. Autolymph injection into the patients' blood stream was followed on the basis moderate stress reaction which of caused reactions of endogenous antioxidants to oscillate. However, the structure and function of cellular membranes of formed elements were not affected. Chemotherapy neither aggravated stress condition nor did it exert direct cytotoxic effect on blood cells.

[Superoxide-neutralizing activity of blood serum in cases of primary multiple malignant tumors]. / Superoksidustraniaiushchaia aktivnost' syvorotki krovi bol'nykh pri pervichno-mnozhestvennykh zlokachestvennykh opukholiakh.

An earlier investigation of the superoxide-neutralizing activity of blood serum sampled from patients with primary multiple malignancies detected for the first time RF-proteins as well as their tropism to the target organ from which tumor was removed 2-30 years before. A possible explanation may be that a general reaction of the body presented itself. The present study has led to a conclusion that, in cases of polyneoplasia, successful complex treatment of primary malignancy, carried out however for back, might be masked by RF-protein function: the latter "indicates" the presence of foci of malignancy which are not there any longer.

[Does tumor size influence the antioxidant defenses of the body]. / Vliiaet li ob''em opukholi na sostoianie antioksidantnoi zashchity organizma?

A relationship between blood antioxidant status in patients with cervical tumors (T3NxM0) and size of primary tumor has been investigated. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of antioxidant defenses were most severely damaged in cases of large tumors which suggested a specific suppression of adaptation systems by malignancies. These findings make a case for further research in antioxidant therapy for cervical carcinoma with due consideration of pathogenetic features of tumor disease.

[Polychemotherapy-induced changes in the antioxidant state of blood in patients with inoperable cancer of the stomach]. / Izmeneniia antiokislitel'nogo statusa krovi bol'nykh neoperabel'nym rakom zheludka posle provedeniia polikhimioterapii.

Changes in antioxidant characteristics of blood in patients with inoperable tumors of the stomach were followed before and after combination polychemotherapy which comprised intraperitoneal and endolymphatic injection of drugs. General strengthening therapy was given prior to treatment. It was found that enzymatic activity as a component of antioxidant defenses offered by lymphocytes is low in such patients which adversely affects the structural and functional integrity of lymphocyte membranes. After chemotherapy, said function improved significantly showing a tendency towards normalizing. This effect correlated with clinical improvement and better quality of life in patients with inoperable gastric tumors.

[Specific changes in the parameters of blood antioxidant status in patients with cervical carcinoma in the course of cancer therapyi]. / Osobennosti izmeneniia parametrov antiokislitel'nogo statusa krovi bol'nykh rakom sheiki matki v dinamike protivoopukholevogo lecheniia.

Parameters of the blood and plasma antioxidant systems were investigated at different stages of specific therapy for T3NxM0 cervical tumors in 23 patients to identify mechanisms of "relative" drug resistance. Treatment included preoperative telegammatherapy (10 Gy), aregional and regional lymphinfusion with low and high doses of cytostatics, respectively, complemented with endolymphatic injection of tocopherol acetate 100 ng. As a result, surgery after Wertheim became feasible in 14 out of 23 patients following external exposure to 30-40 Gy. Morphological examination detected metastases into the regional lymph nodes in 3 patients. The advantages offered by the treatment modality include adequate response to therapy as well as access to control of free-radical processes taking place in membranes of immunocompetent cells which in turn assures good clinical results.

[Method of diagnosing liver tumors]. / Metod diagnostiki opukholevykh porazhenii pecheni.

The investigation is concerned with developing a model for using blood serum from patients with hepatic tumors to induce the activity of a gamma-glutamyl transferase enzyme in homogenized bovine hepatic tissue culture. An immunoglobulin protein was found to be responsible for the effect. The technique under discussion (Patent No. 2027997) provides a means for differential diagnosis of hepatoma and liver metastasis, on the one hand, and cholecystitis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, echinococcosis and hemangioma of the liver, on the other. The effectiveness of the method was 94.7; sensitivity--90.8 and specificity--97.9%.

[The effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on free-radical oxidation of lipids in the lymph of lung cancer patients]. / Vliianie khimiopreparatov na protsessy svobodno-radikal'nogo okisleniia lipidov v limfe bol'nykh rakom lëgkogo.

Indices of lipid peroxidation in lymph from lung cancer patients before and after chemotherapy were studied. Chemotherapeutic drugs were shown to exert a moderate stressor effect on lymph by triggering oscillating reactions of endogenous antioxidant systems. Stress releases a pool of low-molecular weight antioxidants. Absence of catalase activity in plasma and lymphocytes is a peculiar feature of lymph in lung cancer patients.