RESUMEN
Linalool-rich Rosewood oil (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) is a natural compound widely used in perfumery industry. Evidence suggests that linalool exerts antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Conversely, ethanol binge drinking (i.e., intermittent and episodic consumption) during adolescence elicits neurobehavioral alterations associated with brain damage. Here, we investigated whether linalool-rich Rosewood oil administration can improve the emotional and molecular impairments associated with ethanol binge-like exposure during adolescence in female rats. Rosewood oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and posteriorly analyzed. Adolescent female Wistar rats received four-cycles of ethanol binge-like pattern (3â¯g/kg/day, 3 days on/4 days off) and daily Rosewood oil (35â¯mg/kg, intranasally) for 28 days. Twenty-four hours after treatments, it was evaluated the impact of ethanol exposure and Rosewood oil treatment on the putative emotional impairments assessed on the splash and forced swimming tests, as well as the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), S100B, oxidative parameters, and inflammatory cytokines in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Results indicated that Rosewood oil intranasal administration mitigated emotional impairments induced by ethanol exposure accompanied by a marked increase in BDNF, S100B, glutathione (GSH), and antioxidant activity equivalent to Trolox (TEAC) levels in brain areas. Rosewood oil treatment also prevented the ethanol-induced increase of interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and neurofilament light chain (NFL) levels. These findings provide the first evidence that Rosewood oil intranasal administration exerts protective effects against emotional and molecular impairments associated with adolescent ethanol binge-like exposure, possibly due to linalool actions triggering neurotrophic factors, rebalancing antioxidant status, and attenuating proinflammatory process.
Asunto(s)
Monoterpenos Acíclicos , Etanol , Aceites Volátiles , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Femenino , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/aislamiento & purificación , Monoterpenos Acíclicos/farmacología , Ratas , Consumo Excesivo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Emociones/efectos de los fármacos , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Corteza Prefrontal/efectos de los fármacos , Corteza Prefrontal/metabolismoRESUMEN
Myrcia sylvatica (G. Mey) DC. is known as "insulin plant" because local communities use the infusions of various organs empirically to treat diabetes. The leaves of seven specimens of Myrcia sylvatica (Msy-01 to Msy-07) were collected in the Brazilian Amazon. Furthermore, the essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and their chemical compositions were submitted to multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis). The multivariate analysis displayed the formation of four chemical profiles (chemotypes), described for the first time as follows: chemotype I (specimen Msy-01) was characterized by germacrene B (24.5%), γ-elemene (12.5%), and ß-caryophyllene (10.0%); chemotype II (specimens Msy-03, -06 and -07) by spathulenol (11.1-16.0%), germacrene B (7.8-20.7%), and γ-elemene (2.9-7.6%); chemotype III (Msy-04 and -05) by spathulenol (9.8-10.1%), ß-caryophyllene (2.5-10.1%), and δ-cadinene (4.8-5.6%); and chemotype IV, (Msy-02) by spathulenol (13.4%), caryophyllene oxide (15.0%), and α-cadinol (8.9%). There is a chemical variability in the essential oils of Myrcia sylvatica occurring in the Amazon region.
Asunto(s)
Myrtaceae , Aceites Volátiles , Aceites Volátiles/química , Brasil , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Hojas de la Planta/químicaRESUMEN
Myrciaria (Myrtaceae) species have been well investigated due to their chemical and biological relevance. The present work aimed to carry out the chemotaxonomic study of essential oils of the species M. dubia, M. floribunda, and M. tenella, sampled in the Brazilian Amazon and compare them with the volatile compositions from other Myrciaria species reported to Brazil and Colombia. The leaves of six Myrciaria specimens were collected (PA, Brazil) during the dry season, and their chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The main compounds identified in the essential oils were monoterpenes with pinane and menthane skeletons, followed by sesquiterpenes with caryophyllane and cadinane skeletons. Among the sampled Myrciaria specimens, five chemical profiles were reported for the first time: profile I (M. dubia, α-pinene, 54.0-67.2%); profile II (M. floribunda, terpinolene 23.1%, α-phellandrene 17.7%, and γ-terpinene 8.7%); profile III (M. floribunda, γ-cadinene 17.5%, and an unidentified oxygenated sesquiterpene 15.0%); profile IV (M. tenella, E-caryophyllene 43.2%, and α-humulene 5.3%); and profile V (M. tenella, E-caryophyllene 19.1%, and caryophyllene oxide 41.1%). The Myrciaria chemical profiles showed significant variability in extraction methods, collection sites, plant parts, and genetic aspects.
Asunto(s)
Myrtaceae , Aceites Volátiles , Sesquiterpenos , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Monoterpenos/análisis , Aceites Volátiles/química , Sesquiterpenos/análisisRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To clarify the best protocol for performing remote ischemic conditioning and to minimize the consequences of ischemia and reperfusion syndrome in brain, the present study aimed to evaluate different time protocols and the relation of the organs and the antioxidant effects of this technique. METHODS: The rat's left femoral artery was clamped with a microvascular clamp in times that ranged from 1 to 5 minutes, according to the corresponding group. After the cycles of remote ischemic conditioning and a reperfusion of 20 minutes, the brain and the left gastrocnemius were collected. The samples were used to measure glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase levels. RESULTS: In the gastrocnemius, the 4-minute protocol increased the catalase concentration compared to the 1-minute protocol, but the latter increased both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase compared to the former. On the other hand, the brain demonstrated higher catalase and glutathione peroxidase in 5-minute group, and the 3-minute group reached higher values of glutathione reductase. CONCLUSIONS: Remote ischemic conditioning increases brain antioxidant capacity in a time-dependent way, while muscle presents higher protection on 1-minute cycles and tends to decrease its defence with longer cycles of intermittent occlusions of the femoral artery.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Daño por Reperfusión , Animales , Encéfalo , Glutatión Peroxidasa , Isquemia , Ratas , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & controlRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Purpose To clarify the best protocol for performing remote ischemic conditioning and to minimize the consequences of ischemia and reperfusion syndrome in brain, the present study aimed to evaluate different time protocols and the relation of the organs and the antioxidant effects of this technique. Methods The rat's left femoral artery was clamped with a microvascular clamp in times that ranged from 1 to 5 minutes, according to the corresponding group. After the cycles of remote ischemic conditioning and a reperfusion of 20 minutes, the brain and the left gastrocnemius were collected. The samples were used to measure glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase levels. Results In the gastrocnemius, the 4-minute protocol increased the catalase concentration compared to the 1-minute protocol, but the latter increased both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase compared to the former. On the other hand, the brain demonstrated higher catalase and glutathione peroxidase in 5-minute group, and the 3-minute group reached higher values of glutathione reductase. Conclusions Remote ischemic conditioning increases brain antioxidant capacity in a time-dependent way, while muscle presents higher protection on 1-minute cycles and tends to decrease its defence with longer cycles of intermittent occlusions of the femoral artery.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & control , Antioxidantes , Encéfalo , Glutatión Peroxidasa , IsquemiaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Introduction: Nandrolone decanoate is a synthetic testosterone analogue considered one of the most widely used anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) among adolescents and athletes. Chronic ingestion of AAS increases the incidence of cardiovascular abnormalities in athletes, but the mechanism that causes these changes remains unknown. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to verify the possible effects of the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) on the morphology and oxidative metabolism of the heart in exercised and sedentary rats. Methods: This is a comparative prospective level II study. Twenty-four Wistar rats were distributed in groups that performed voluntary (TG) and sedentary (SG) running exercises, and used AAS: the Anabolic Training Group (ATG), and the Anabolic Sedentary Group (ASG). During the three months of the running protocol, the animals received an intramuscular injection of 5 mg/kg b.p. of AAS. After the training period, the rats were euthanized and the hearts were removed for evaluation of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity, and for morphometric analysis. Results: The anabolic groups, ASG (0.3072 ± 0.0531) and ATG (0.2732 ± 0.0413), presented higher lipid peroxidation when compared to the non-anabolic groups SG (0.1705 ± 0.0224) and TG (0.1785 ± 0.0340). Conclusion: There was no change in total antioxidant capacity or in the thickness of the interventricular septum and left ventricular wall. Thus, the use of anabolic androgenic steroids did not cause morphological changes in the myocardium. However it did alter the oxidative metabolism. It was also verified that aerobic exercise had no protective effect against lipid peroxidation in the myocardium caused by the use of AAS. Level of evidence II; Prospective comparative study.
RESUMO Introdução: O decanoato de nandrolona é um análogo sintético da testosterona, considerado um dos esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA) mais utilizados entre adolescentes e atletas. Sua ingestão crônica aumenta a incidência de anormalidades cardiovasculares em atletas, porém o mecanismo que causa essas alterações ainda permanece desconhecido. Objetivos: O estudo teve como objetivo verificar os possíveis efeitos do uso de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA) na morfologia e no metabolismo oxidativo do coração de ratos treinados e sedentários. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo comparativo nível II. Vinte e quatro ratos Wistar foram distribuídos em grupos que realizaram exercícios de corrida voluntária (GT) e sedentários (GS) e faziam uso dos EAA, Grupo Treinado com Anabolizante (GTA) e Grupo Sedentário com Anabolizante (GSA). Durante os três meses do protocolo de corrida, os animais receberam injeção intramuscular de 5 mg/kg p.c. de EAA. Após o período de treinamento, houve a eutanásia e remoção do coração dos ratos para avaliação da peroxidação lipídica e capacidade antioxidante, além da análise morfométrica. Resultados: Verificaram-se que os grupos anabolizantes, GSA (0,3072 ± 0,0531) e GTA (0,2732 ± 0,0413), apresentaram maior peroxidação lipídica quando comparados aos grupos não anabolizantes GS (0,1705 ± 0,0224) e GT (0,1785 ± 0,0340). Conclusões: Não houve alteração na capacidade antioxidante total, assim como não houve alteração na espessura do septo interventricular e da parede ventricular esquerda. Portanto, o uso de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos não provocou alterações morfológicas no miocárdio, contudo alterou o metabolismo oxidativo. Verificou-se também que a prática de exercício aeróbico não teve efeito protetor contra a peroxidação lipídica no miocárdio provocada pelo uso dos EAA. Nível de evidência II; Estudo prospectivo comparativo.
RESUMEN Introducción: El decanoato de nandrolona es un análogo sintético de la testosterona considerado uno de los esteroides anabólicos androgénicos (EAA) más utilizados entre los adolescentes y atletas. Su ingestión crónica aumenta la incidencia de anomalías cardiovasculares en atletas, aunque el mecanismo que causa esas alteraciones sigue siendo desconocido. Objetivos: El estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar los posibles efectos del uso de esteroides anabólicos androgénicos (EAA) en la morfología y en el metabolismo oxidativo del corazón de ratones entrenados y sedentarios. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio prospectivo comparativo nivel II. Fueron distribuidos 24 ratones Wistar en grupos que realizaron ejercicios de carrera voluntaria (GE) y sedentarios (GS), y hacían uso de los EAA, Grupo Entrenado con Anabolizante (GEA) y Grupo Sedentario con Anabolizante (GSA). Durante los tres meses del protocolo de carrera, los animales recibieron inyección intramuscular de 5 mg/kg p.c. de EAA. Después del período de entrenamiento, hubo la eutanasia y remoción del corazón de los ratones, para evaluación de la peroxidación lipídica y capacidad antioxidante, además del análisis morfométrico. Resultados: Se verificó que los grupos anabolizantes, GSA (0,3072 ± 0,0531) y GEA (0,2732 ± 0,0413), presentaron mayor peroxidación lipídica cuando comparados a los grupos no anabolizantes GS (0,1705 ± 0,0224) y GE (0,1785 ± 0,0340). Conclusiones: No hubo alteración en la capacidad antioxidante total, así como no hubo alteración en el espesor del septo interventricular y de la pared ventricular izquierda. Por lo tanto, el uso de esteroides anabólicos androgénicos no provocó alteraciones morfológicas en el miocardio, aunque alteró el metabolismo oxidativo. Se verificó también que la práctica de ejercicio aeróbico no tuvo efecto protector contra la peroxidación lipídica en el miocardio provocada por el uso de EAA. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudio prospectivo comparativo.
RESUMEN
RESUMO A radiologia no curso de graduação em Medicina alcançou nova dimensão não só como instrumento de diagnóstico complementar, mas também por sua utilização como ferramenta de ensino, integrada ao estudo da anatomia e patologia, entre outros assuntos. Embora os conhecimentos da radiologia sejam bastante utilizados no ensino da medicina através de metodologias ativas, ainda são escassos os trabalhos relatando a experiência de como o aluno percebe a importância desse conhecimento. Objetivo Estudar a percepção de alunos de medicina sobre a inserção da radiologia no ensino de graduação com uso de metodologias ativas. Método Estudo qualitativo, realizado com estudantes de medicina matriculados no terceiro e quinto semestres, cuja amostra constituiu-se de 12 alunos de uma população de 100 alunos de uma universidade pública estadual. Os dados foram obtidos através de entrevistas, com a aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado com questões abertas sobre o ensino da radiologia, suas implicações e aplicações em medicina, características positivas e negativas, no processo de aprendizagem através do uso de metodologias ativas. Os dados foram analisados separadamente, agrupados por categorização e submetidos à análise temática por dois pesquisadores, antes da reflexão conjunta, havendo ainda a descrição do ambiente e também a triangulação dos resultados. Resultados Foram identificados conteúdos latentes e semânticos, recorrentes, singulares e controversos. Os temas recorrentes identificados como fundamentos de uma estratégia vantajosa para o ensino do radiodiagnóstico na graduação médica foram: necessidade de introdução precoce da radiologia por conta de sua transversalidade e seu papel na atividade de ensino em serviço; ensino sistemático dos princípios biofísicos e vocabulário para facilitar o estudo; o papel do exame complementar no contexto do problema na tutoria e o desenvolvimento de material didático de conteúdo integrado com abordagem morfofuncional. Aspectos singulares como a dificuldade para estudo que envolva conhecimento de língua estrangeira e o uso de redes sociais, e controvérsias identificadas, a respeito do papel do professor no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, bem como, em relação ao significado do aprendizado da radiologia na graduação em medicina, também foram considerados elementos construtivos de uma abordagem moderna, já que o ensino da radiologia vive um momento de reformulação. Conclusão Observou-se que na percepção dos estudantes entrevistados, o componente curricular morfofuncional, frequentemente utilizado no ensino baseado em problemas poderá ser usado para abordar a radiologia e diagnóstico por imagem numa visão multidimensional, contextualizada e interdisciplinar que vá além do papel de método de exame complementar, integrado a outros saberes de forma significativa, especialmente anatomia e patologia, facilitando a aprendizagem tanto da radiologia quanto dos demais assuntos envolvidos na temática abordada em cada módulo de estudo.
ABSTRACT Radiology in medical school has taken on a new dimension in terms of its usefulness, not only as a complementary diagnostic instrument but also as a teaching tool integrated into the study of anatomy and pathology, among other subjects. Although knowledge of radiology is widely used in medical teaching, through active methodologies, there is a lack of studies reporting experiences of how students view the importance of this knowledge. Aim To study the perceptions of medical students on the inclusion of radiology in undergraduate education, through the use of active methodologies. Method A qualitative study, conducted with students enrolled in the third and fifth semesters. The sample comprised 12 subjects chosen from a population of 100 students at a public state university. Data were obtained from interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire with open questions about radiology teaching, its implications and applications in medicine, and positive and negative characteristics of the learning process using active methodologies. Data were analyzed separately, grouped by categorization, and submitted to thematic analysis by two researchers, before being reflected on jointly. There was also description of the environment and triangulation of the results. Results Latent, semantic, recurrent, unique, and controversial contents were identified. The recurrent themes in the interviews, identified as forming the basis of an advantageous strategy for radiodiagnostic teaching in undergraduate medical education, were as follows: (a) the need of an early introduction to radiology, due to its transversality and its importance to teaching; (b) a systematic study of the biophysical principles and vocabulary used in the field, to facilitate its study; (c) the role of complementary exams in the context of tutoring problems and (d) the development of teaching materials that use integrated content with a morphofunctional approach. Unique aspects, such as study difficulties related to knowledge of a foreign language and the use of social networks, and controversies regarding the teachers' role in the process and what it means to learn radiology in medical school were also considered elements that can be used as part of a modern approach, with radiology education currently being in a process of change. Conclusion It was concluded, according to the perceptions of the students interviewed, that the morphofunctional curricular component often used in problem-based teaching might be used to teach radiology and imaging diagnosis, within a multidimensional, contextualized, and transdisciplinary perspective. This goes beyond its role as a means of providing complementary exams, significantly integrating other sources of knowledge (especially anatomy and pathology) and facilitating the learning of both radiology and related subjects addressed in each study module.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE:: To assess antioxidant effects of açaí seed extract on anorexia-cachexia induced by Walker-256 tumor. METHODS:: A population of 20 lab rats were distributed into four groups (n=5): Control Group (CG), which only received tumor inoculation. Experimental Group-100 (EG-100), with animals submitted to tumor inoculation and treated with seed extract in a 100 mg / ml concentration through gavage. Experimental Group-200 (EG-200), with animals submitted to tumor inoculation and treated with seed extract in a 200 mg / ml concentration. Placebo Group (GP), which received tumor inoculation and ethanol-water solution. We analyzed proteolysis, lipid peroxidation, tumor diameter and weight. RESULTS:: Lipid peroxidation was representative only in the cerebral cortex, where there was more oxidative stress in rats treated with the extract (p = 0.0276). For proteolysis, there was less muscle damage in untreated rats (p = 0.0312). Only tumor diameter in treated rats was significantly lower (p = 0.0200) compared to untreated ones. CONCLUSIONS:: The açaí seed extract showed no beneficial effect on the general framework of the cachectic syndrome in lab rats. However, some anticarcinogenic effects were observed in the tumor diameter and weight.
Asunto(s)
Anorexia/tratamiento farmacológico , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Caquexia/tratamiento farmacológico , Euterpe/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Semillas/química , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Anorexia/etiología , Antioxidantes/análisis , Caquexia/etiología , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/complicaciones , Corteza Cerebral/enzimología , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Neoplasias Experimentales/complicaciones , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas Wistar , Síndrome , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To assess antioxidant effects of açaí seed extract on anorexia-cachexia induced by Walker-256 tumor. METHODS: A population of 20 lab rats were distributed into four groups (n=5): Control Group (CG), which only received tumor inoculation. Experimental Group-100 (EG-100), with animals submitted to tumor inoculation and treated with seed extract in a 100 mg / ml concentration through gavage. Experimental Group-200 (EG-200), with animals submitted to tumor inoculation and treated with seed extract in a 200 mg / ml concentration. Placebo Group (GP), which received tumor inoculation and ethanol-water solution. We analyzed proteolysis, lipid peroxidation, tumor diameter and weight. RESULTS: Lipid peroxidation was representative only in the cerebral cortex, where there was more oxidative stress in rats treated with the extract (p = 0.0276). For proteolysis, there was less muscle damage in untreated rats (p = 0.0312). Only tumor diameter in treated rats was significantly lower (p = 0.0200) compared to untreated ones. CONCLUSIONS: The açaí seed extract showed no beneficial effect on the general framework of the cachectic syndrome in lab rats. However, some anticarcinogenic effects were observed in the tumor diameter and weight.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Semillas/química , Caquexia/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Anorexia/tratamiento farmacológico , Euterpe/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Síndrome , Caquexia/etiología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/complicaciones , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Anorexia/etiología , Corteza Cerebral/enzimología , Análisis de Varianza , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Experimentales/complicaciones , Antioxidantes/análisisRESUMEN
Introdução: A atividade física pode ser uma aliada para minimizar o surgimento da lipodistrofia e seus efeitos deletérios. Objetivo: Analisar a relação do nível de atividade física (NAF) e a síndrome lipodistrófica com a composição corporal e a qualidade de vida (QV) de portadores do HIV/Aids. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 120 pacientes com HIV/Aids (38,55 ± 11,47 anos). Foram avaliados quanto ao índice de massa corporal, composição corporal, taxa metabólica basal, índice cintura-quadril, QV, presença, tipo e local de lipodistrofia, força de preensão manual e NAF. Resultados: Constatou-se que 70% eram sedentários; além disso, a massa magra foi 9,5% maior nos pacientes ativos, bem como a força muscular de preensão com a mão direita (11%) e esquerda (12%) e a taxa metabólica basal (6,9%). Quanto à associação da QV ao NAF, foi notada correlação fraca apenas para a preocupação com o sigilo (r = 0,2160; p = 0,0210), bem como, os pacientes ativos demonstraram melhor resultado que os sedentários (p < 0,05). Dos pacientes que apresentaram lipodistrofia, 66% eram sedentários; o tipo predominante foi a lipodistrofia mista (46%) e as regiões mais comuns foram a face e abdome. Ressalta-se que nos pacientes sem a síndrome a taxa metabólica basal foi maior (p = 0,0175) e o tempo de infecção (p = 0,0020) e de TARV (p = 0,0002) foram menores. Conclusão: Conclui-se, conforme metodologia adotada, que o sedentarismo predominou, o NAF apresentou associação positiva somente com a preocupação com o sigilo e os sedentários apresentaram dois domínios abaixo do escore de 50 (preocupação financeira e com o sigilo), com relação a um domínio dos pacientes ativos. A lipodistrofia esteve presente em 37% da amostra, sendo o tipo mais presente a lipodistrofia mista, e os locais de maior ocorrência foram a face e o abdome. Para esse grupo o NAF não se apresentou positivo para a composição corporal e a presença da lipodistrofia não influenciou na QV.
Introduction: Physical activity can be an ally to minimize the appearance of lipodystrophy and its deleterious effects. Objective: To analyze the relationship between physical activity level (PAL) and lipodystrophy syndrome with body composition and quality of life (QOL) of patients with HIV/Aids. Methods: The study included 120 patients with HIV/Aids (38.55±11.47 years). They were evaluated for body mass index, body composition, basal metabolic rate, waist-hip ratio, QOL, presence, type, and location of lipodystrophy, hand grip strength, and PAL. Results: It was found that 70% were sedentary; in addition, lean body mass was 9.5% higher in active patients, as well as muscle strength of right hand grip (11%) and left hand grip (12%) and basal metabolic rate (6.9%). Regarding the association between QOL and PAL, a weak correlation was noted only in relation to confidentiality (r=0.2160, p=0.0210), and active patients showed better results than sedentary ones (p<0.05). Of the patients with lipodystrophy, 66% were sedentary; the predominant type was mixed lipodystrophy (46%) and the most common regions were face and abdomen. It is noteworthy that in patients without the syndrome, the basal metabolic rate was higher (p=0.0175) and the time of infection (p=0.0020) and HAART (p=0.0002) were lower. Conclusion: We conclude, according to the methodology, that sedentary life was predominant, PAL showed positive association only with the concern with confidentiality and the sedentary patients showed two domains below the score of 50 (financial concern and confidentiality), in relation to one domain of active patients. Lipodystrophy was present in 37% of the sample, being the most prevalent type the mixed lipodystrophy, and the main sites of occurrence were face and abdomen. For this group PAL was not positive for body composition and the presence of lipodystrophy did not influence QOL.
Introducción: La actividad física puede ser un aliado para minimizar la aparición de lipodistrofia y sus efectos nocivos. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el nivel de actividad física (NAF) y el síndrome de lipodistrofia con la composición corporal y la calidad de vida (CV) de las personas con VIH/Sida. Métodos: Se incluyó 120 pacientes com VIH/SIDA (38,55 ± 11,47 años). Ellos fueron evaluados en relación al índice de masa corporal, la composición corporal, metabolismo basal, el índice cintura-cadera, CV, presencia, tipo y ubicación de lipodistrofia, fuerza de prensión manual y NAF. Resultados: Se encontró que el 70% eran sedentarios; además, la masa magra fue 9,5% mayor en los pacientes activos, así como la fuerza muscular de prensión manual derecha (11%) y prensión manual izquierda (12%) y la tasa metabólica basal (6,9%). En cuanto a la asociación de la calidad de vida y NAF, se observó correlación débil solamente con la preocupación con la confidencialidad (r = 0,2160; p = 0,0210), así como los pacientes activos han demostrado mejores resultados que los sedentarios (p < 0,05). De los pacientes con lipodistrofia, 66% eran sedentarios, el tipo predominante fue lipodistrofia mixta (46%) y las regiones más afectadas fueron la cara y el abdomen. Es de destacar que en pacientes sin síndrome, la tasa metabólica basal fue mayor (p = 0,0175) y el tiempo de infección (p=0,0020) y TARV (p = 0,0002) fueron inferiores. Conclusión: Se concluye que, de acuerdo con la metodología adoptada, el sedentarismo es predominante, el NAF presentó una asociación positiva sólo con la preocupación por la confidencialidad y los pacientes sedentarios tenían dos dominios por debajo de la puntuación de 50 (preocupación financiera y confidencialidad), con respecto a un dominio de los pacientes activos. La lipodistrofia estuvo presente en 37% de la muestra, siendo el tipo más presente la lipodistrofia mixta y los sitios de mayor incidencia la cara y el abdomen. Para este grupo la NAF no se ha presentado positiva para la composición corporal y la presencia de lipodistrofia no influyó en la calidad de vida.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of low-intensity therapeutic ultrasound (LITUS) on wound healing in rats with third-degree burns. METHODS: Twenty rats were divided into the Control Group that comprised four rats without third-degree burns that did not undergo LITUS, the Burned Group (BG), comprising eight rats with third-degree burns that did not undergo LITUS, and the Burned with Treatment Group (BTG), comprising eight rats with third-degree burns that were administered LITUS. LITUS began 24 h after injury and involved daily applications for 8 min at 0.1 W/cm2 for 14 days. RESULTS: The BTG lost less weight than the BG (Q=2.75; p<0.05). No visible differences were apparent among the groups' lesions on day 4. By the end of treatment, wound healing was more evident in the BTG. No statistically significant differences were found between the BG and the BTG in relation to the parameters measured using the histological changes in burn wound healing scoring system. CONCLUSION: The LITUS protocol applied to the animals with third-degree burns accelerated the formation of fibrin-leukocyte crusts and significantly reduced weight loss. However, burn wound healing was not accelerated.
Asunto(s)
Quemaduras/terapia , Tejido Conectivo/lesiones , Ondas Ultrasónicas , Cicatrización de Heridas , Animales , Quemaduras/clasificación , Quemaduras/patología , Fibrina/metabolismo , Calor/efectos adversos , Masculino , Ratas Wistar , Repitelización , Pérdida de PesoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of low-intensity therapeutic ultrasound (LITUS) on wound healing in rats with third-degree burns. METHODS: Twenty rats were divided into the Control Group that comprised four rats without third-degree burns that did not undergo LITUS, the Burned Group (BG), comprising eight rats with third-degree burns that did not undergo LITUS, and the Burned with Treatment Group (BTG), comprising eight rats with third-degree burns that were administered LITUS. LITUS began 24 h after injury and involved daily applications for 8 min at 0.1 W/cm2 for 14 days. RESULTS: The BTG lost less weight than the BG (Q=2.75; p<0.05). No visible differences were apparent among the groups' lesions on day 4. By the end of treatment, wound healing was more evident in the BTG. No statistically significant differences were found between the BG and the BTG in relation to the parameters measured using the histological changes in burn wound healing scoring system. CONCLUSION: The LITUS protocol applied to the animals with third-degree burns accelerated the formation of fibrin-leukocyte crusts and significantly reduced weight loss. However, burn wound healing was not accelerated.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Quemaduras/terapia , Tejido Conectivo/lesiones , Ondas Ultrasónicas , Cicatrización de Heridas , Quemaduras/clasificación , Quemaduras/patología , Fibrina/metabolismo , Calor/efectos adversos , Ratas Wistar , Repitelización , Pérdida de PesoRESUMEN
Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are artificial testosterone analogues, used as medicine in chronic diseases, because they increase protein synthesis generating muscle hypertrophy. Its effect has caught the attention of athletes and gym users, thus their consumption has become epidemic, due to easy marketing, the immediate results and the false impression that it doesn't carry health risks. Such risks may globally harm the body. This study aims to investigate the influence on spermatogenesis of using nandrolone decanoate with or without physical training. Twenty-four rats, divided into four groups were used: sedentary group (SG), sedentary on steroids group (SSG), trained group (TG) and trained on steroids group (TSG). The animals were trained on voluntary exercise wheel twice a week during 12 weeks, and were subsequently euthanized by decapitation. Groups TSG and SSG received intramuscular injections of 5 mg / kg of the AAS. It was found that there was a greater cellularity in TSG, suggesting interference between androgen therapy and physical training on the mount of cells in the seminiferous epithelium. Comparing the TSG group with the SG, it is noticed that the physical training associated with the use of steroid tends to affect cell division without compromise, however, the number of spermatogonia, did not significantly vary compared to the control group. Finally, it seems that there was no significant statistical difference among the groups in terms of spermatogenesis yield, so that can not be said that the use of nandrolone decanoate, with or without the physical training, interfere with fertility.
Los esteroides anabólicos androgénicos (EAA) son análogos de testosterona artificiales, utilizados como medicina en las enfermedades crónicas, ya que aumentan la síntesis de proteínas generando hipertrofia muscular. Su efecto ha llamado la atención de atletas y usuarios de gimnasios, por lo que su consumo se ha convertido en epidemia, debido a la comercialización fácil, los resultados inmediatos y la falsa impresión de que no conllevan riesgos para la salud. Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la influencia de utilizar decanoato de nandrolona con o sin entrenamiento físico sobre la espermatogénesis. Se utilizaron 24 ratas, divididas en cuatro grupos: entrenado (GE), entrenado en esteroides (GEE), sedentario en esteroides (GSE) y sedentario (GS). Los grupos GEE y GSE recibieron inyecciones intramusculares de 5 mg/kg de la EAA. Los animales fueron entrenados con ejercicio voluntario en la rueda de correr dos veces por semana durante 12 semanas. Luego, los animales fueron sacrificados por decapitación. Se encontró que hubo una mayor celularidad en GEE, lo que sugiere la interferencia entre la terapia con andrógenos y entrenamiento físico en la cantidad de células en el epitelio seminífero. Comparando el grupo GEE con el GS, se observa que el entrenamiento físico asociado con el uso de esteroides tiende a afectar a la división celular sin comprometerla, sin embargo, el número de espermatogonias, no varió significativamente en comparación con el grupo control. Finalmente, no hubo diferencia significativa entre los grupos en términos de rendimiento de la espermatogénesis, por lo que no se puede decir que el uso del decanoato de nandrolona, con o sin el entrenamiento físico, interfiere con la fertilidad.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Anabolizantes/farmacología , Ejercicio Físico , Nandrolona/farmacología , Espermatogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Fertilidad/efectos de los fármacos , Estudios Prospectivos , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determinate the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis among a group of newborns (NBs) from Belém using neonatal screening. METHODS: Among the 6,000 newborns referred for investigation of genetic and metabolic diseases, 1,000 were selected for screening for congenital toxoplasmosis by determining the amount of IgM in the eluates of blood collected on filter paper. Positive tests were confirmed using paired serology of the NB and his mother. RESULTS: Out of the 1,000 NBs assessed, one had a positive screening result that was confirmed by paired serology. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis in Belém was 10/10,000 live NBs.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Tamizaje Neonatal , Toxoplasma/inmunología , Toxoplasmosis Congénita/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Incidencia , Recién Nacido , Toxoplasmosis Congénita/diagnósticoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determinate the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis among a group of newborns (NBs) from Belém using neonatal screening. METHODS: Among the 6,000 newborns referred for investigation of genetic and metabolic diseases, 1,000 were selected for screening for congenital toxoplasmosis by determining the amount of IgM in the eluates of blood collected on filter paper. Positive tests were confirmed using paired serology of the NB and his mother. RESULTS: Out of the 1,000 NBs assessed, one had a positive screening result that was confirmed by paired serology. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis in Belém was 10/10,000 live NBs.
INTRODUÇÃO: O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a incidência da toxoplasmose congênita em um grupo de recém-nascidos (RNs) de Belém, pela triagem neonatal. MÉTODOS: Entre 6.000 RNs, encaminhados para investigação de doenças genéticas e metabólicas, foram selecionados 1.000 para triagem de toxoplasmose congênita, através da pesquisa de anticorpos IgM em eluatos de sangue colhido em papel de filtro. Os testes positivos foram confirmados, através da sorologia pareada do RN e respectiva genitora. RESULTADOS: Dos 1.000 RNs investigados, um apresentou triagem positiva confirmada pela sorologia pareada. CONCLUSÕES: A incidência de toxoplasmose congênita em Belém foi de 10/10.000 RNs vivos.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Tamizaje Neonatal , Toxoplasma/inmunología , Toxoplasmosis Congénita/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Incidencia , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Toxoplasmosis Congénita/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Objective: to evaluate the antineoplasic effect of ethanolic extract of the vine of Uncaria tomentosa (cat:.. claw) on cell viability and survivorship of Ehr/ich tumor-bearing mice. Methods: 2,8x107 Ehr/ich tumor cells were inoculated in the peritoneum of 30 Swiss male mice distributed on 3 groups of 10 animals, which were observed for 30 days and received the following solutions by gavage : CGcontrol group, which received NaCl 0,9%; EG 100 - experimental group that received the ethano/ic extract on a 100 mg/Kg dosage; and EG 200 - experimental group that received the ethano/ic extract on a 200 mg/Kg dosage. After eleven days oftreatment, 1ml of ascitic liquid was withdrawn of each animal and cellular counting was made on a Neubauer chamber by optic microscopy using the Trypan blue stain. Results: there were reduction on tumor proliferation on EG 100 and 200 of 39 and 43,5%, respectively, and a slightly increase on survivorship of EG 100 compared to control gro/lp. Conc/usion: the ethanolic extract of the vine of Uncaria tomentosa had a statistically significant and dose-dependant anti-proliferative action on Ehrlich tumor. However, on the dosages and routes studied, there was no significant increase on survi vorship of the animais.
Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos antineoplásicos do extrato etanólico (EA) do cipó de Uncaria tomentosa (Unha de gato) sobre a viabilidade celular e sobrevida de camundongos portadores do Tumor Ascítico de Ehrlich (TA E). Método: inoculadas 2,8 x 107 células do TA E, por via intraperitoneal, em 30 camundongos suíços, machos, distribuídos e.m três grupos de dez animais cada, sendo observados por 30 dias e recebendo as seguintes soluções por gavagem, por onze dias, após a inoculação do tumor: GC - GrttpO controle, que recebeu solução salina de NaCl a 0,9%; GE 100 - Grupo experimental que recebeu o EA na dose de 100 mglKg; e GE 200 - Grupo experimental, que recebeu o EA na dose de 200 mglKg. Após onze dias de tratamento, foi retirado 1 ml de líquido ascítico de cada animal e feita a contagem celular sob microscopia óptica em câmara de Neubauer, utilizando a coloração de azul de Trypan. Resultados: Houve redução na proliferação do tumor dos animais dos grupos GE 100 e GE 200 da ordem de 39 e 43,5%, respectivamente, e um ligeiro aumento da sobrevida dos animais do grupo GE /00 em cerca de três dias, comparado ao grupo controle. Conclusão: o extrato alcoólico do cipó de Uncaria tomentosa exerceu ação antiproliferativa do TA E, de forma estatisticamente significativa e dose dependente. Porém, nas doses e vias mencionadas o extrato não aumentou de forma significativa a sobrevida dos animais.