Temporal patterns of food consumption and their association with cardiovascular risk in rotating shift workers.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the association of temporal patterns of food consumption with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included male rotating shift workers in an iron ore extraction company. Data on food consumption was collected using a 24 h recall, applied by trained interviewers. The variables for temporal patterns of food consumption were: eating window, eating at night, number of meals and omission of breakfast. CVD-risk was measured by calculating the Framingham coronary heart disease risk score (FCRS), and classified as low risk or intermediate to high risk. Descriptive, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses examined the association between variables related to temporal patterns of food consumption and CVD-risk. RESULTS: The study assessed 208 workers, the majority with 20-34 years (45.1%), non-white (77.2%), and 5 years or more in shift work (76.0%). Most participants had a feeding window exceeding 12 h (63.9%), consumed meals until 10 p.m. (68.1%), had five or more meals per day (54.8%), and did not skip breakfast (86.5%). Regarding CVD-risk, 43.8% of the participants were classified with intermediate to high risk for CVD. In the multivariate model, a feeding window (OR: 2.32; 95%CI: 1.01-5.35), eating after 10 p.m. (OR: 3.31; 95%CI: 1.01-11.0), and skipping breakfast (OR: 2.58; 95%CI: 1.07-6.19) increased the likelihood of intermediate to high CVD-risk. Conversely, having five or more meals per day decreased the odds (OR: 0.27; 95%CI: 0.08-0.92). CONCLUSION: Eating window longer than 12 h, eating after 10 p.m., less than four meals a day and omission of breakfast, are associated with cardiovascular risk in shift workers.

Arterial hypertension in rotating shift workers: The role of hypertriglyceridemic waist and hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height ratio phenotypes.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of arterial hypertension and the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HWP) and hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height phenotype (HWHP). METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 1422 male rotating shift workers in Brazil. The HWP was defined as having a waist circumference ≥94 cm and serum triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, whereas the HWHP was determined by having a waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5 and serum triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL. To provide a characterization of the sample, data were presented in both absolute and relative values, and Pearson's chi-square test was employed. To investigate the potential association between arterial hypertension and the presence of HWP or HWHP, multivariate logistic regression was conducted, accounting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical variables. Furthermore, we conducted a stratified multivariate logistic regression analysis, considering the duration of shift work, to assess whether the results remained consistent depending on the length of work experience in shifts. RESULTS: A noteworthy association was observed between arterial hypertension and both HWP and HWHP, with HWHP exhibiting a stronger association with the disease. Furthermore, a positive association between arterial hypertension and these phenotypes was identified in workers with five or more years of shift work. CONCLUSION: We recommend the utilization of HWHP as a screening tool, as it indicates a stronger association with arterial hypertension compared to HWP. Additionally, the duration of time spent working in shifts emerged as a significant factor influencing the presence of these phenotypes.

The predictive values of BOAH and No-apnea score for screening obstructive sleep apnea in rotating shift worker drivers.

Objective: To evaluate the BOAH (Body mass index, Observed apnea, Age, and Hypertension) and No-apnea score's diagnostic values for detecting obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk in shift workers. Methods: Cross-sectional study with male rotating shift workers and drivers of heavy off-road machinery. The BOAH score is based on body mass index, witnessed apneas during sleep, age, and hypertension. The No-apnea score is based on neck circumference and age. Based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), the severity of OSA was categorized as least mild OSA (AHI ≥5/h), moderate to severe OSA (AHI ≥15/h), and severe OSA (AHI ≥30/h). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Results: Among 119 workers evaluated, 84.0% had AHI ≥5, 46.2% had AHI ≥15, and 14.3% had AHI ≥30. BOAH score with 2 points for AHI ≥5, the AUC was 0.679, and sensitivity and specificity were 41.0% and 94.7%, respectively. No-apnea score with 3 points AHI ≥5, the AUC was 0.692, and sensitivity and specificity were 70.0% and 68.4%, respectively. Furthermore, using at least one of the positive scores, the AUC was higher when compared to the single tests for AHI ≥5 (AUC = 0.727). And when both scores were positive, the AUC was higher for AHI ≥30 (AUC = 0.706). Conclusion: In rotating shift workers and drivers of heavy off-road machinery, BOAH, and No-apnea scores can be helpful tools in identifying individuals at risk for sleep apnea. In addition, matching the scores may increase the prediction of OSA.

Vitamin D deficiency and hyperglycemia in male rotating shift workers: A disturbed circadian rhythms influence.

BACKGROUND: Shift work is related to several negative impacts on the health of workers. This study aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and hyperglycemia in shift workers. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study included male rotating shift workers in an iron ore extraction company. Participants were classified as VDD when 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL for a healthy population and 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL for groups at risk for VDD. Hyperglycemia was classified when fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥ 5.7%. Data were compared using chi-square analysis with Cramer's V as effect size, and Bonferroni correction. Multivariate logistic regression, from a model of determination, was performed to investigate whether VDD was associated with hyperglycemia. RESULTS: The study evaluated 1411 workers, most workers were aged 30-39 years (53.2%), and 77.5% self-declared as black, brown, with up to complete high school (71.4%) and working alternate shifts for more than 5 years (76.1%). Regarding glucose and vitamin D, 32.0% and 29.1% of the workers had hyperglycemia and VDD, respectively. In multivariate analysis, controlled for confounding factors, workers with VDD had a 119% increased chance of hyperglycemia (OR: 2.19; IC95%: 1.56-3.08). Furthermore, vitamin D levels in distribution quintiles showed a dose-response gradient in relation to hyperglycemia, where increased vitamin D values were associated with a reduction in the occurrence of hyperglycemia. CONCLUSION: Rotating shift workers with vitamin D deficiency are more likely to have hyperglycemia.

Association of Hypovitaminosis D with Sleep Parameters in Rotating Shift Worker Drivers.

Objective To evaluate the association between sleep parameters and hypovitaminosis D in rotating shift drivers. Material and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on 82 male rotating shift workers (24-57 years old) with at least one cardiovascular risk factor (such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension, and smoking). Polysomnography was used to evaluate sleep parameters. Logistic regression was used to model the association between hypovitaminosis D and sleep parameters after adjustment for relevant covariates. Results Hypovitaminosis D (< 20 ng/mL) was seen in 30.5% of the workers. Shift workers with hypovitaminosis D had lower sleep efficiency (odds ratio [OR]: 3.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.95-5.53), lower arterial oxygen saturation (OR: 5.35; 95% CI: 3.37-6.12), and increased microarousal index (OR: 3.85; 95% CI: 1.26-5.63) after adjusting. Conclusion We suggest that hypovitaminosis D is associated with greater sleep disturbances in rotating shift workers.

Rotating shift workers with vitamin D deficiency have a higher risk of obstructive sleep apnea.

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to evaluate the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in shift workers. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included male rotating shift workers in an iron ore extraction company. Participants were classified as VDD when 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL for a healthy population and 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL for groups at risk for VDD. Risk of developing OSA was classified by Berlin questionnaire (BQ) and NoSAS score. Data were compared using chi-square analysis with Cramer's V as effect size, and Bonferroni correction. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate whether or not VDD was associated with OSA risk assessment. RESULTS: Among 1423 male workers, mostly younger, aged 30 to 39 years (53%), worked shifts for more than 5 years (76%). The prevalence of high risk of OSA by BQ was 16%, and 33% by NoSAS score. Additionally, 29% had VDD. In multivariate analysis, controlled for confounding factors, workers with VDD had a 52% increased chance of OSA by BQ (OR 1.52; CI95% 1.06-2.18) and a 64% increased chance of OSA by NoSAS score (OR 1.64; CI95% 1.09-2.48). After subgroup analyses, similar results were not observed in workers aged 20-29 and 30-39 years. CONCLUSION: Rotating shift workers with vitamin D deficiency are more likely to have obstructive sleep apnea, assessed by the Berlin questionnaire and NoSAS score.

COVID-19: perfil de trabalhadores brasileiros em uma companhia de mineração e a dinâmica dos casos comunitários / COVID-19: profile of Brazilian workers of a mining company and the dynamic of community cases

Resumo Objetivo: descrever o perfil de desfechos de COVID-19 em trabalhadores da mineração e a dinâmica dos casos nas unidades de mineração e seus respectivos municípios. Métodos: estudo de coorte e ecológico, com dados secundários clínico-epidemiológicos, sociodemográficos e ocupacionais de trabalhadores de mineradora multinacional no Brasil e de casos de COVID-19 nos cinco municípios onde as unidades estavam localizadas, de março de 2020 a abril de 2021. A incidência acumulada e média móvel (MM) de 7 dias dos casos foram calculadas e comparadas na unidade e respectivo município. Resultados: foram incluídos 17.523 trabalhadores; 88,4% eram do sexo masculino; e 22,6% tiveram pelo menos um resultado positivo. Os trabalhadores mais testados, com casos positivos, colocados em quarentena e com sintomas foram do sexo feminino, de meia-idade, morando e trabalhando no Rio de Janeiro, diretamente contratados pela mineradora, em turnos e ocupações de alto risco. Todas as unidades apresentaram uma incidência acumulada superior aos seus respectivos municípios. Três municípios apresentaram picos de COVID-19 com MM coincidindo com o aumento de casos entre trabalhadores de mineração. Conclusão: aproximadamente um quinto dos trabalhadores foram diagnosticados com COVID-19, e a distribuição temporal dos casos nas unidades de mineração foi semelhante àquela dos municípios onde estavam localizadas.

Abstract Objective: to describe the COVID-19 clinical outcomes profile from mining workers and the cases dynamic within the mining units and their respective municipalities. Methods: a cohort and ecological study using workers clinical-epidemiological, sociodemographic, and occupational secondary data of a multinational mining company, and of COVID-19 cases from five municipalities where the mining units were located, in Brazil, between March 2020 to April 2021. We calculated the cases cumulative incidence and the 7-day moving average (MA), and compared at the mining unit and respective municipality. Results: the study included 17,523 workers, 88.4% male, and 22.6% had at least one positive result for COVID-19. The workers most tested, with positive results, placed in quarantine, and with symptoms were female, middle-aged, living and working in Rio de Janeiro state, directly hired by the mining company, in shift-work, and in high-risk occupations. All mining units presented a cumulative incidence higher than their respective municipalities. Three municipalities showed peaks of COVID-19 with MA cases coinciding with an increase in cases among mining workers. Conclusion: approximately one-fifth of workers were diagnosed with COVID-19. The mining units had a similar temporal distribution of COVID-19 cases to the municipalities where they were located.

O trabalho terceirizado e por turnos está associado ao aumento do risco de COVID-19? Descobertas de um estudo com trabalhadores da mineração / Is outsourced and shift work associated with an increased risk of COVID-19? Findings from a study about mining workers

Resumo Objetivos: investigar os fatores de risco sociodemográficos e ocupacionais associados à infeção por COVID-19 em trabalhadores da mineração. Métodos: estudo de coorte retrospectivo com dados secundários dos trabalhadores de uma empresa multinacional de mineração, de março de 2020 a abril de 2021. Casos de COVID-19 foram definidos por meio do resultado do teste reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) positivo para SARS-CoV-2. Riscos relativos (RR) para testes positivos foram obtidos por regressão de Poisson. Resultados: dos 10.484 trabalhadores testados, 2.578 (24,6%) tiveram pelo menos um resultado positivo. Foi realizada uma média de 4,0 (desvio-padrão: 3,6) testes para cada trabalhador, totalizando 41.962 testes. A maioria dos trabalhadores eram do sexo masculino (88,3%), com idade entre 30 e 39 anos (38,7%), terceirizados (74,1%) e que não trabalhavam em turnos (70,5%). No modelo múltiplo, os trabalhadores terceirizados (RR: 1,39; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 1,27;1,51) e trabalhadores por turnos (RR: 1,10; IC95%: 1,01;1,20) apresentavam maior risco de infecção quando comparados com seus homólogos. Conclusões: os trabalhadores terceirizados e por turnos exibiram maior risco de infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 quando comparados com seus homólogos. Portanto, é necessário fornecer monitoramento contínuo com oferta regular e adequada de testes para mitigação e prevenção da COVID-19 nestes grupos ocupacionais.

Abstract Objectives: to investigate the sociodemographic and occupational risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection in mining workers. Methods: a retrospective cohort study, using secondary workers' health data from a multinational mining company, from March 2020 to April 2021. A COVID-19 case was defined based on a SARS-CoV-2 positive result in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Risk ratios (RRs) for positive testing were estimated using Poisson's regression model. Results: of 10,484 workers, 2,578 (24.6%) had at least one positive result for COVID-19. Each worker underwent an average of 4.0 (standard deviation: 3.6) tests, totaling 41,962 PCR tests. Most of the evaluated workers were male (88.3%), aged from 30 to 39 years (38.7%), outsourced (74.1%) and non-shift workers (70.5%). Our multivariate model showed that outsourced (RR: 1.39; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.27;1.51) and shift workers (RR: 1.10; 95%CI: 1.01;1.20) had a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection than their counterparts. Conclusions: outsourced and shift workers have a higher risk of COVID-19 infection than their counterparts. Therefore, it is necessary to provide continuous monitoring with regular and adequate testing for mitigation and prevention of COVID-19 in these occupational groups.

Diagnostic accuracy of the Berlin questionnaire and the NoSAS score in detecting risk for obstructive sleep apnea in rotating shift workers.

BACKGROUND: Data on the validity of tools for sleep apnea risk detection in rotating shift workers are limited. The aim was to evaluate the Berlin questionnaire (BQ) and the Neck, Obesity, Snoring, Age, Sex (NoSAS) score for the detection of obstructive sleep apnea risk in shift workers. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included male rotating shift workers, drivers of heavy off-road machinery in an iron ore extraction company. Polysomnography was the gold standard for evaluation. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of ≥ 5 events/h. The Shapiro-Wilk test verified the data distribution and comparative analysis was conducted using the chi-square analyses and U Mann-Whitney with Bonferroni correction. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and accuracy were used for evaluate BQ and NoSAS with OSA diagnosis by polysomnograph. RESULTS: Among 119 male shift workers, ages 24 to 57 years, polysomnography showed that 84% had obstructive sleep apnea (AHI ≥ 5), and 46% had moderate to severe sleep apnea (AHI ≥ 15). For AHI ≥ 5, the NoSAS score had higher sensitivity and specificity than the BQ. For AHI ≥ 15 and AHI ≥ 30, the NoSAS score had a sensitivity higher than 70% while BQ was 60% and 58%, respectively. The accuracy of the NoSAS score was higher for all OSA criteria than that of BQ. CONCLUSION: In rotating shift workers, drivers of heavy off-road machinery, the NoSAS score showed higher accuracy in identifying patients at risk for sleep apnea than the BQ.

Body fat indicators for cardiometabolic risk screening among shift workers.

BACKGROUND: In view of the costly methods currently available for the assessment of body adiposity, anthropometric obesity indicators have proven effective in predicting cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the discriminatory power of body fat indicators for cardiovascular risk screening among shift workers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with male employees of an iron ore extraction company. The predictive power of body fat indicators relative to cardiovascular risk was analyzed based on the Framingham risk score and metabolic syndrome by means of receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden's index. RESULTS: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk was 14.2% in the metabolic syndrome risk model. According to the Framingham score, 95.0%, 4.1% and 0.9% of the participants exhibited low, moderate and high risk, respectively. All the analyzed body fat indicators exhibited satisfactory discriminatory power for the tested cardiovascular risk models. CONCLUSION: Waist-height ratio exhibited the highest ability to predict cardiometabolic risk in both risk models.

Concordância entre cintura hipertrigliceridêmica e cintura estatura hipertrigliceridêmica em trabalhadores em turnos alternantes / Agreement between hypertriglyceridic waist and hypertriplyceridemic waist height in rotation shift workers

Objetivos: Avaliar a concordância entre fenótipo de cintura hipertrigliceridêmica e fenótipo cintura estatura hipertrigliceridêmica, e a associação desses fenótipos com alterações antropométricas, bioquímicas e clínicas em homens adultos com risco metabólico aumentado pela exposição ao turno alternante. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 678 trabalhadores do sexo masculino. O fenótipo de cintura hipertrigliceridêmica foi definido pelo perímetro da cintura ≥ 94 cm e triglicérides ≥ 150 mg/dL; o fenótipo cintura estatura hipertrigliceridêmica pela razão cintura estatura ≥ 0,5; e triglicérides ≥ 150mg/dL. Foram avaliados o índice de massa corporal, pressão arterial, colesterol total, high-density lipoprotein colesterol, low-density lipoprotein colesterol, triglicérides e glicemia de jejum. O teste Kappa foi utilizado para avaliar a concordância entre os fenótipos e o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, para verificar a associação entre os fenótipos e os componentes de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Para todos os testes, o nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A concordância entre o fenótipo de cintura hipertrigliceridêmica e o fenótipo cintura estatura hipertrigliceridêmica foi significativa e substancial. Ambos fenótipos foram relacionados significativamente com índice de massa corporal, colesterol total, high-density lipoprotein colesterol e pressão arterial aumentados. Conclusões: Sugere-se o uso do fenótipo cintura estatura hipertrigliceridemica, já que demonstrou associações que se mantiveram independentemente da faixa etária e identificou maior proporção de trabalhadores em turnos alternantes com componentes de risco cardiovascular. (AU)

Objective: This study evaluated the agreement between hypertriglyceridemic waist and hypertriglyceridemic waist height phenotypes and the association of these phenotypes with anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical alterations in adult men with increased metabolic risk due to rotating shift exposure. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 678 male workers. The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was defined as waist circumference ≥ 94 cm and triglyceride concentration ≥150 mg/dL; the hypertriglyceridemic waist height phenotype was defined as a height-waist ratio ≥0.5 and triglyceride concentration ≥ 150mg/dL. Body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels were evaluated. The Kappa test was used to assess the concordance between phenotypes, and the Pearson's chi-square tests were used to verify the association between phenotypes and risk components for cardiovascular diseases. For all tests, the significance level was 5%. Results: The agreement between the hypertriglyceridemic waist and the hypertriglyceridemic waist height phenotypes was significant and substantial. Both phenotypes were significantly related to increased body mass index, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure. Conclusion: We propose the use of hypertriglyceridemic waist-toheight ratio as it demonstrated associations that persisted regardless of the age group and also identified a higher proportion of rotating shift workers with cardiovascular risk components. (AU)

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in shift workers: Study protocol for randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The present clinical study aims to describe protocol to evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on the cardiovascular risk factors in a population of rotating shift workers. DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group clinical trial testing 2 oral dosages of cholecalciferol (14,000 IU and 28,000 IU per week) for 12 months. SETTING: The primary outcome for evaluation is an 18% reduction in hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dL) between pre and postintervention measurements. Baseline characteristics of the study population will be summarized separately within each randomized group, and will use tests for continuous and categorical variables. For all tests, a P < .05 will be considered significant. The analysis of primary and secondary outcomes will use an intention-to-treat population and a per-protocol population. The primary and secondary outcomes will be compared separately between each treatment group and placebo, using binary logistic regression or regressão de Poisson for proportions (for binary outcomes) and using linear regression for differences in means (for continuous endpoints), with 95% confidence intervals. PARTICIPANTS: Rotating shift workers, adults aged between 18 and 60 years, with hypovitaminosis D and alterations in at least 1 of the following parameters: fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and waist circumference. CONCLUSION: This clinical trial aims to contribute to the gap in knowledge about the potential, dose, and time of vitamin D supplementation to generate beneficial effects on triglycerides in a population at increased risk for hypertriglyceridemia and vitamin D deficiency.

Hipovitaminose D e índices glicêmicos em trabalhadores de turno alternante de empresa de mineração / Hypovitaminosis D and glycemic index in individuals working in rotate shifts of a mining company

Objetivo: Demonstrar a prevalência da hipovitaminose D em trabalhadores de turno de uma empresa de mineração e verificar se, nesta população, há correlação entre as variáveis glicêmicas (hemoglobina glicada e glicemia de jejum) e os níveis séricos de vitamina D. Métodos: Estudo transversal observacional realizado por 2 anos consecutivos com trabalhadores de turno. No primeiro ano, foram analisados os níveis séricos de vitamina D (25(OH)D) e glicemia de jejum, excluindo indivíduos que realizavam tratamento para controle glicêmico, suplementação de vitamina D e/ou participantes do sexo feminino, totalizando 548 trabalhadores. No ano seguinte, foram selecionados da amostra anterior apenas os indivíduos que apresentaram hipovitaminose D (25(OH) D<30ng/mL). Nestes, foram analisados os níveis de 25(OH)D, glicemia de jejum e hemoglobina glicada. Foram aplicados o teste de normalidade Kolmogorov-Smirnov e a correlação de Spearman. Resultados: A idade média dos participantes foi de 38,2 anos. No primeiro ano, 80,8% dos trabalhadores apresentaram hipovitaminose D e 10,8% apresentavam glicemia de jejum fora dos níveis de normalidade. Dentre a amostra do ano seguinte, 81,1% permaneceram com hipovitaminose D, 18,2% apresentaram glicemia de jejum fora dos níveis de normalidade e 15,8% apresentaramhemoglobina glicada alterada. Não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre a 25(OH)D e a glicemia de jejum e hemoglobina glicada. Conclusão: Foi observada alta prevalência de hipovitaminose nos trabalhadores de turno. Diferentemente de outros estudos, não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre as variáveis glicêmicas e a concentração sérica da vitamina D. (AU)

Objective: To demonstrate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in shift workers of a mining company, and to check whether, in this population, there is a correlation between glycemic variables (glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose)- and serum levels of vitamin D. Methods: These are cross-sectional observational studies performed in two consecutive years with shift workers. In the first year, the serum levels of vitamin D (25(OH)D) and fasting plasma glucose were analyzed, with people who underwent treatment for glycemic control, vitamin D supplementation, and/or female participants being excluded, totalizing 548 workers. In the following year, only those individuals who presented hypovitaminosis D (25 (OH) D <30 ng/dL) were selected from the previous sample. The levels of 25 (OH) D, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1C of these individuals were analyzed. The Kolmorogov-Smirnov normality test and the Spearman correlation were applied. Results: Th e m ean a ge o f participants was 38.2 years. In the first year, 80.8% (n=442) of the workers presented hypovitaminosis D, and 10.8% had fasting plasma glucose out of normal levels. Among the sample of the following year, 81.1% remained with hypovitaminosis D, 18.2% (n=51) had fasting glycemia out of normal levels, and 15.8% (n=44) had altered glycosylated hemoglobin. Conclusion: A high prevalence of hypovitaminosis in shift workers was observed. Differently from other studies, no significant correlations were found between glycemic variables and serum vitamin D concentration. (AU)

Qualidade de vida e excesso de peso em trabalhadores em turnos alternantes / Quality of life and overweight in alternating shift workers

Resumo Objetivo: identificar a percepção dos trabalhadores de turnos alternantes de uma mineradora da região dos Inconfidentes, Minas Gerais, sobre sua qualidade de vida (QV) e analisar sua associação com indicadores de excesso de adiposidade corporal. Métodos: estudo transversal com 437 trabalhadores em turnos alternantes com um ou mais fatores de risco cardiovascular. Dados sociodemográficos e clínicos foram analisados. A QV foi avaliada com o questionário SF-36 e a adiposidade corporal estimada a partir das medidas antropométricas e de composição corporal. Resultados: a pontuação para os domínios da QV variou de 67 a 100, no entanto, o aumento de gordura corporal apresentou correlação negativa com os domínios saúde geral, vitalidade e capacidade funcional. Foi observada, por análise de cluster, a formação de dois agrupamentos, um composto pelos domínios da QV e o outro constituído pelos indicadores de composição corporal. Não foi identificada associação entre os escores estimados de QV dos trabalhadores de turno e o tempo de trabalho. Conclusão: o declínio da QV apresentou associação com o excesso de adiposidade corporal. Recomenda-se a adoção de medidas visando reduzir o excesso de adiposidade corporal e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores em turno alternante da mineração.

Abstract Objective: to identify the perception that alternating shift workers from a mining company in the region of Inconfidentes, Minas Gerais, Brazil, have about their quality of life (QoL) and to analyse its association with indicators of excess body adiposity. Methods: cross-sectional study involving 437 alternating shift workers with one or more cardiovascular risk factors. Sociodemographic and clinical data were analyzed. QoL was evaluated by the SF-36 questionnaire. Body adiposity was estimated through anthropometric and body composition measurements. Results: the scores for QoL domains ranged from 67 to 100, however, body fat increasing showed a negative correlation with general health, vitality and functional capacity domains. Through cluster analysis, the authors observed the formation of two groups, one comprising the QoL domains, and a second made up of body composition indicators. No association was found between the shift workers estimated QoL scores and their shift working lifetime. Conclusion: the QoL decline was associated with body adiposity excess. The recommendation is the adoption of measures aimed at reducing excess body adiposity and improving mining alternating shift workers' quality of life.

Indicadores de adiposidade como método de rastreamento para polissonografia em trabalhadores de turno / Adiposity indicators as a screening method for polysomnography in shift workers

Resumo Objetivo: verificar o potencial discriminatório dos indicadores de adiposidade na predição da apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) em trabalhadores de turnos. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado em uma empresa de extração de minério de ferro, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Dados antropométricos foram coletados e polissonografia (PSG) foi realizada em 118 trabalhadores de turno do sexo masculino que possuíam ao menos um fator de risco global para doença cardiovascular. Resultados: a prevalência de AOS na amostra foi de 84,7%. Entre os indicadores de adiposidade usados para predizerem a AOS (≥ 5 eventos/hora), o índice de massa corporal (IMC), a circunferência da cintura (CC), a relação cintura/estatura (RCE) e a gordura corporal total (GCT), revelaram valores de sensibilidade acima de 70%. Gordura visceral (GV), circunferência do pescoço (CP) e relação pescoço-estatura (RPE) foram as mais efetivas em identificar corretamente trabalhadores sem AOS (valores de especificidade acima de 70%). As áreas sob a curva de Característica de Operação do Receptor (COR) para CC e RPE foram maiores que 0,7, o que indicou que o teste foi eficaz na discriminação de indivíduos com AOS. Conclusões: alterações nos indicadores de adiposidade abdominal e cervical têm relação significativa com a presença de AOS e demostraram eficácia como método de rastreamento para PSG. CC e RPE são considerados bons indicadores para predizerem a AOS.

Abstract Objective: to verify the discriminatory power of adiposity indicators in the prediction of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in shift workers. Methods: a cross-sectional study carried out in an iron ore extraction company, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Anthropometric data were collected and polysomnography (PSG) was performed in 118 male shift workers who owned at least one overall risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Results: the OSA prevalence in the sample was 84.7%. Among the adiposity indicators used to predict OSA (≥ 5 events/hour), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and total body fat (TBF) showed sensitivity values higher than 70%. Visceral fat (VF), neck circumference (NC), and neck-to-height ratio (NHtR) were the most effective in correctly identifying workers without OSA (specificity values higher than 70%). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for WC and NHtR were greater than 0.7, which indicated the test was effective in discriminating individuals with OSA. Conclusions: alterations in abdomen and neck adiposity indicators have a significant relationship with the presence of OSA and showed effectiveness as a screening method for PSG. WC and NHtR are considered good indicators for OSA prediction.

Comportamentos em saúde autorreferidos por docentes e técnico-administrativos da região sudeste: estudo transversal / Health behaviors autoreferred by teachers and technical-administratives of the southeastern region: cross-sectional study / Comportamientos en salud autorreferidos por docentes y técnico-administrativos de la región sudeste: estudio transversal

Os hábitos alimentares, a prática de esporte e lazer, o tabagismo e o consumo de álcool são hábitos de vida que podem influenciar nas condições de vida e de saúde do indivíduo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar os comportamentos em saúde dos docentes e técnico-administrativos de uma universidade pública da região Sudeste em relação ao hábito alimentar, à prática de atividade física, ao estado nutricional, à presença de tabagismo, ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e de outras drogas entre os servidores. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, que teve os dados coletados de um banco de dados secundário, proveniente do Questionário de Saúde (condições de saúde autorreferidas por docentes e técnico-administrativos), da Pró-reitoria de Assuntos Comunitários da Instituição. Os resultados apontaram, dentre as variáveis avaliadas, hábito alimentar, tabagismo, consumo de bebida alcoólica, prática de atividade física, peso, altura e IMC, diferenças entre as médias das variáveis peso, altura e IMC e os fatores associados às morbidades entre docentes e técnico-administrativos. Concluiu-se que alimentação não saudável, atividade física irregular/sedentário, excesso de peso, tabagismo e consumo de bebida alcoólica estiveram associados com a categoria do servidor, o sexo e a idade e influenciaram nas condições de vida e de saúde desses indivíduos.

Eating habits, sports and leisure practice, smoking and alcohol consumption are habits of life that can influence the life and health conditions of the individual. The objective of this study was to characterize the health behaviors of teachers and technical-administratives from a public university in the Southeast region in relation to dietary habits, physical activity, nutritional status, smoking habits, consumption of alcoholic beverages and of other drugs among the servers. This is a cross-sectional study, which had data collected from a secondary database, from the Health Questionnaire (health conditions self-reported by teachers and technical-administrative staff), from the Pro-Rectory of Community Affairs of the institution. The results pointed out, among the variables assessed, dietary habits, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, practice of physical activities, weight, height and BMI, differences between the means of the variables weight, height and BMI and the factors associated with morbidities between teachers and technical-administrative staff. It was possible to conclude that unhealthy eating, irregular / sedentary physical activity, overweight, smoking and alcohol consumption were associated with the server category, gender and age influenced the life and health conditions of these individuals.

Los hábitos alimentarios, la práctica del deporte y el ocio, el tabaquismo y el consumo de alcohol son hábitos de vida que pueden influir en las condiciones de vida y de salud del individuo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar los comportamientos en salud de los docentes y técnico-administrativos de una universidad pública de la región sudeste en relación al hábito alimentario, a la práctica de actividad física, al estado nutricional, a la presencia de tabaquismo, al consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y de otras drogas entre los servidores. Tratase de un estudio transversal, que tuvo los datos recogidos de un banco de datos secundario, proveniente del Cuestionario de Salud (condiciones de salud autorreferidas por docentes y técnico-administrativos), de la Pro-Rectoría de Asuntos Comunitarios de la Institución. Los resultados apuntaron, entre las variables evaluadas, hábito alimentario, tabaquismo, consumo de bebidas alcohólica, práctica de actividad física, peso, altura, e IMC, diferencias entre las medias de las variables peso, altura e IMC y los factores asociados a las morbilidades entre docentes y técnico-administrativos. Concluyóse que alimentación no sana, actividad física irregular / sedentario, exceso de peso, tabaquismo y consumo de bebidas alcohólicas estuvieron asociados con la categoría del servidor; sexo y edad influenciaron en las condiciones de vida y de salud de esos individuos.

Resistin and visfatin concentrations are related to central obesity and inflammation in Brazilian children

Background:The evidence that cardiovascular disease begins in childhood and adolescence, especially in the presence of excess weight, is associated with dysfunction on adipokine pro-inflammatory secretion. These affect glucose metabolism and lead to other complications related to insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. This study assessed the association of anthropometric and metabolic parameters related to obesity, cardiovascular risk,and insulin resistance with concentrations of resistin and visfatin, in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was developed with 178 children of 6­10 years old enrolled in public city schools. Anthropometric data, composition body, clinical, and biochemical were measured according to standard procedures. We used multiple regression models by stepwise method to evaluate the associations of resistin and visfatin with variables of interest.RESULTS: In healthy weight children, resistin was associated with LDL cholesterol, visfatin, atherogenic index, andwaist-to-height ratio, whereas in obese children resistin was associated with visfatin and interaction between conicity index and HOMA-AD. Furthermore, in healthy weight children, visfatin was associated to resistin and triceps skinfold thickness and negatively associated to HOMA-AD, while in obese ones visfatin was associated with waist-to-height ratio, atherogenic index, resistin, and interaction between trunk adiposity index and adiponectin and wasnegatively associated with the HOMA-IR index.CONCLUSIONS:Our study shows an association between anthropometric and biochemical variables related tovisceral fat and inflammation. These results suggest the resistin and visfatin as good pro-inflammatory markers. In addition, both adipokines are strongly related to central obesity, in children. In addition, both adipokines are strongly related to central obesity, in children.

[Environmental conditions and prevalence of parasitic infection in Xukuru-Kariri indigenous people, Caldas, Brazil]. / Condições ambientais e prevalência de infecção parasitária em indígenas Xukuru-Kariri, Caldas, Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the environmental conditions and the parasitic infection status of Xukuru-Kariri individuals living in the municipality of Caldas, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in March 2009. Sociodemographic and environmental data were collected through interviews. Water and fecal samples were collected for determination of environmental contamination and parasitic infection status. RESULTS: The Xukuru-Kariri population living in Caldas included 86 people divided into 22 families. Of 22 heads of household, 81.8% had low schooling (not higher than elementary education). Of 26 water samples collected for microbiological analysis, 77.0% were positive for total coliforms and 4.0% for Escherichia coli. Residents of 27.3% of households defecated in the open. Trash was scattered in the yard of 54.5% of households. Fecal samples were collected from 60 individuals, with parasitic infection in 66.6%. The following prevalence rates were recorded: Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, 6.7%; Entamoeba coli, 60.0%; Endolimax nana, 1.8%; and Giardia duodenalis, 6.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The people included in this study faced environmental characteristics that contributed to their health vulnerability. Health actions as well as the implementation of public policies to provide sanitation, with quality water and adequate collection and treatment of human and household waste, are essential to prevent environmental degradation and improve the quality of life of these individuals.

Heart rate variability in shift workers: responses to orthostatism and relationships with anthropometry, body composition, and blood pressure.

In order to investigate the response of heart rate variability (HRV) components to postural change and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in shift workers, a cross-sectional study with 438 Brazilian males rotating shift workers was done. Anthropometric, body composition, and clinical measures were collected. Electrocardiogram was recorded for 3 minutes, in the supine and orthostatic position, and HRV components were extracted. Descriptive analyses showed that mean values of body mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio, visceral fat area (VFA), and blood pressure (BP) were higher than the reference values. In the regression model, age, WC, VFA, and systolic BP showed negative association with HRV components. These findings suggest the need for determining effective strategies for the evaluation and promotion of health among shift workers focused on the altered variables.

Condições ambientais e prevalência de infecção parasitária em indígenas Xukuru-Kariri, Caldas, Brasil / Environmental conditions and prevalence of parasitic infection in Xukuru-Kariri indigenous people, Caldas, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Descrever as condições ambientais e o quadro de infecção parasitária dos indígenas Xukuru-Kariri residentes no município de Caldas (MG), Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal em março de 2009. Dados sociodemográficos e ambientais foram coletados através de entrevista. Amostras de água e fezes foram coletadas para determinação da contaminação ambiental e parasitológica. RESULTADOS: A população foi composta por 86 indivíduos, divididos em 22 famílias, sendo 81,8% dos chefes de baixa escolaridade (primeiro grau incompleto). Das 26 amostras de água coletadas para análise microbiológica, 77,0% foram positivas para coliformes totais e 4,0% para Escherichia coli. Em 27,3% dos domicílios, os moradores defecavam na parte exterior da casa, e 54,5% dos domicílios possuíam lixo espalhado pelo quintal. Foram coletadas amostras fecais de 60 indivíduos, com positividade em 66,6%. As prevalências registradas foram: Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, 6,7%; Entamoeba coli, 60,0%; Endolimax nana, 1,8%; e Giardia duodenalis, 6,6%. CONCLUSÕES: As pessoas incluídas na pesquisa estavam sujeitas a características ambientais que as tornavam vulneráveis nos aspectos relacionados à saúde. É primordial a promoção de ações de saúde e a implementação de políticas públicas de saneamento, com fornecimento de água de qualidade adequada e recolhimento e tratamento de dejetos humanos e rejeitos domiciliares para evitar a degradação ambiental e melhorar a qualidade de vida desses indivíduos.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the environmental conditions and the parasitic infection status of Xukuru-Kariri individuals living in the municipality of Caldas, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in March 2009. Sociodemographic and environmental data were collected through interviews. Water and fecal samples were collected for determination of environmental contamination and parasitic infection status. RESULTS: The Xukuru-Kariri population living in Caldas included 86 people divided into 22 families. Of 22 heads of household, 81.8% had low schooling (not higher than elementary education). Of 26 water samples collected for microbiological analysis, 77.0% were positive for total coliforms and 4.0% for Escherichia coli. Residents of 27.3% of households defecated in the open. Trash was scattered in the yard of 54.5% of households. Fecal samples were collected from 60 individuals, with parasitic infection in 66.6%. The following prevalence rates were recorded: Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, 6.7%; Entamoeba coli, 60.0%; Endolimax nana, 1.8%; and Giardia duodenalis, 6.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The people included in this study faced environmental characteristics that contributed to their health vulnerability. Health actions as well as the implementation of public policies to provide sanitation, with quality water and adequate collection and treatment of human and household waste, are essential to prevent environmental degradation and improve the quality of life of these individuals.