RESUMEN
We studied the effect of KE and AED peptides on the expression of sirtuin-1, sirtuin-6, collagen I, cytokines (IL-1, TGF-ß), and transcription factor NF-κB in human skin fibroblasts during their replicative aging. Immunocytochemical analysis and confocal microscopy showed that KE peptide reduces the synthesis of factors of the inflammatory response IL-1, NF-κB, and TGF-ß and stimulates the synthesis of sirtuin-6. KE peptide normalizes the immunological function of human skin fibroblasts during their aging. AED peptide activates the synthesis of sirtuin-1, sirtuin-6, and collagen I in human skin fibroblasts during their replicative aging, which attests to its geroprotective effect.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Factores Inmunológicos/farmacología , Oligopéptidos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/síntesis química , Senescencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Colágeno Tipo I/genética , Colágeno Tipo I/inmunología , Femenino , Fibroblastos/citología , Fibroblastos/inmunología , Humanos , Factores Inmunológicos/síntesis química , Interleucina-1/genética , Interleucina-1/inmunología , FN-kappa B/genética , FN-kappa B/inmunología , Oligopéptidos/síntesis química , Cultivo Primario de Células , Transducción de Señal , Sirtuina 1/genética , Sirtuina 1/inmunología , Sirtuinas/genética , Sirtuinas/inmunología , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/genética , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/inmunologíaRESUMEN
El maltrato infantojuvenil constituye un problema de salud pública, presenta consecuencias negativas en el adecuado desarrollo de los niños y adolescentes. Es consecuencia de una multiplicidad de factores individuales, sociales, psicológicos y culturales que puede incluso desembocar en la muerte del niño o adolescente. El objetivo fue realizar una descripción sociodemográfica e identificar posibles variables específicas de maltrato en la población que realizó alguna consulta al hospital y que fue derivada por el médico tratante al Consultorio Multidisciplinario de Protección Infantojuvenil (CMPIJ). Se trató de un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo de corte transversal, realizado entre julio de 2016 y mayo de 2017 en el Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan. El criterio de inclusión fue la población que realizó alguna consulta al hospital, ya sea por sospecha de maltrato o por otros motivos y fue derivada por el médico tratante al CMPIJ. Se evaluaron 96 casos. el 67,7% de las sospechas fueron de abuso sexual infantil (ASI), el 22,9% de maltrato físico y el 9,4% de trastorno facticio aplicado a otro. En los casos de alta sospecha de ASI, el 75% de los pacientes eran de sexo femenino; en el 50% de los casos, el supuesto agresor era conviviente y el 50% de las madres refirió antecedentes de malos tratos en la infancia. En los casos de alta sospecha de maltrato físico, el 53% de los pacientes era de sexo masculino, en el 83,3% de los casos el supuesto agresor era conviviente y el 76,5% de las madres refirió antecedentes de malos tratos en infancia. Se concluye la importancia de contar con datos fidedignos en lo relativo al maltrato Infantojuvenil para permitir elaborar estrategias de prevención tanto a nivel asistencial como de Salud Pública (AU)
Child abuse is a public health problem with a negative impact on the adequate development of children and adolescents. It is a consequence of multiple individual, social, psychological, and cultural factors that may even result in the death of the child or adolescent. The aim of this study was to provide a sociodemographic description and to identify possible specific variables associated with abuse in the population that visited the hospital and was referred to the Multidisciplinary Child Protection Clinic (MDCPC). A prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2016 and May 2017 at Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan. The inclusion criterion was the population that visited the hospital, either for suspicion of abuse or for other reasons, who were referred to the MDCPC by the treating physician. Overall, 96 cases were evaluated; 67.7% of the suspicions were of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), 22.9% for child battering, and 9.4% for Munchausen syndrome by proxy. Among the cases with a high level of suspicion of CSA, 75% were female; in 50% of the cases the supposed aggressor lived in the household, and 50% of the mothers reported a history of child abuse. In the cases of a high level of suspicion of child battering, 53% of the patients were male, in 83.3% of the cases the aggressor was living in the household, and 76.5% of the mothers reported a history child abuse. In conclusion, trustworthy data on child abuse are necessary to develop prevention strategies at both the care and public health levels (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Abuso Sexual Infantil , Maltrato a los Niños , Síndrome de Munchausen Causado por Tercero , Derivación y Consulta , Estudios Transversales , Estudios Prospectivos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Skin aging is one of the topical issues in modern gerontocosmetology. Application of cosmetic products with short peptides is a promising measure for retardation of skin aging. This research is aimed at investigation of KE (Lys-Glu, Vilon) dipeptide influence on the expression of markers of aging in human skin fibroblasts in vitro. Collagen type I and sirtuin-6 expression in «young¼ and «old¼ skin cell fibroblasts cultures was studied using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy method. The areas of expression of collagen type I and sirtuin-6 are known to decrease in skin fibroblasts with aging by 3,5 and 3,6 times accordingly. KE dipeptide increases collagen type I expression area in «old¼ skin fibroblasts cultures by 83%. KE dipeptide increases expression area of sirtuin-6 in «young¼ and «old¼ skin fibroblasts cultures by 1,6 and 2,6 times correspondingly. Thus, KE dipeptide promotes functional activity of skin fibroblasts and inhibits their aging.
Asunto(s)
Senescencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Dipéptidos/farmacología , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Ozono/uso terapéutico , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Sirtuinas/metabolismo , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Anciano , Células Cultivadas , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Fibroblastos/fisiología , Humanos , Microscopía Confocal/métodos , Microscopía Fluorescente/métodosRESUMEN
The review of the peptides used in dermatocosmetology is represented. The purpose of this review is a search of results of the basic scientific researches confirming or disproving efficiency and/or safety of peptide molecules used in a modern dermatocosmetology. Questions of forms of application, biological availability, reliability of the rendered anti-aging effects are considered.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas Cosméticas , Dermatología/métodos , Péptidos/farmacología , Envejecimiento de la Piel , Disponibilidad Biológica , Fármacos Dermatológicos/farmacología , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Envejecimiento de la Piel/patología , Envejecimiento de la Piel/fisiologíaRESUMEN
This paper analyzes the ontological requirements for representing biology knowledge, and identifies several areas where current knowledge representation (KR) paradigms need to be extended. We focus on the representation of experimental materials and methods, and the reasoning task of intelligent information retrieval; however, the ontological issues we raise apply to biology (and experimental sciences) in general. We have identified two important concept types in molecular biology that cause problems for standard knowledge models: 1) complex substances such as mixtures and nucleic acid sequences; 2) transformations (such as biochemical reactions) that convert one substances into another. We describe these problems, propose solutions for some of them, and given examples of the need for such knowledge representations in intelligent information retrieval.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Biológicos , Filosofía , Programas InformáticosRESUMEN
Intelligent text-oriented tools for representing and searching the biological research literature are being developed, which combine object-oriented databases with artificial intelligence techniques to create a richly structured knowledge based of Materials and Methods sections of biological research papers. A knowledge model of experimental processes, biological and chemical substances, and analytical techniques is described, based on the representation techniques of taxonomic semantic nets and knowledge frames. Two approaches to populating the knowledge base with the contents of biological research papers are described: natural language processing and an interactive knowledge definition tool.
Asunto(s)
Bases de Datos Factuales , Publicaciones Periódicas como Asunto , Algoritmos , Inteligencia ArtificialRESUMEN
The Biological sciences produce an enormous research literature every year. Research papers are highly structured documents whose content is not captured using the traditional techniques of information retrieval: keywords and flat text. This is especially true of the Materials & Methods section of experimental papers. A great deal of highly structured information is packed into this section. It involves logical and temporal sequences of operations that combine and operate on materials using various instruments and depending on many parameters. We are designing and implementing databases that will allow this complex knowledge to be represented, stored in object-oriented databases and retrieved. We are developing an application of this technology called the Laboratory Notebook. This application is a software system that will contain personal laboratory information as well as have access to databases of Materials & Methods sections drawn from the literature.
Asunto(s)
Inteligencia Artificial , Sistemas de Administración de Bases de Datos , Bases de Datos Factuales , Biología Molecular/métodos , Libros , Publicaciones Periódicas como Asunto , InvestigaciónRESUMEN
Two types of lens photography are compared in the same patients: photography according to Schaimpflüger and reproduction biomicrophotography with subsequent densitometry of the negatives. The authors find Schaimpflüger's photography preferable, its advantages consisting in convenience of the procedure and possibility to make standard pictures. An experienced worker can make high-quality images of the lens optic section with a slit photographic lamp, this permitting an objective assessment of changes in the optic densities of different lenticular laminae.
Asunto(s)
Cristalino , Fotograbar/métodos , Densitometría , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Fluorescein movements in the lens laminae of isolated porcine eyes were examined by biomicroscopy. The stain disseminated in two directions: from the lens nucleus to capsules and fluorescein release into the intraocular fluid and from the outer laminae of the equatorial zone to the nucleus. Lecozyme, a proteolytic agent, accelerated fluorescein movement in both directions. The method suggested by the authors permits an objective assessment of fluorescein movement in the lens, which appears to reflect the processes of extracellular fluid ultrafiltration in the lens. The data evidence the possibility of effecting the extracellular intralenticular fluid microcirculation by proteolytic enzymes. The suggested technique may be useful in studies of cataract pathogenesis and of anticataract action of various drugs.
