Capacitação dos profissionais de saúde e seu impacto no rastreamento de lesões precursoras do câncer de colo uterino / Training of health professionals and its impact on the trace of precursoring injuries of the uterine column cancer

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da capacitação dos profissionais do SUS envolvidos na coleta de amostras cervicovaginais para rastreamento de lesões precursoras do câncer de colo uterino no município de Videira (SC). Métodos: Estudo de intervenção cujas variáveis estudadas foram: adequabilidade da amostra, epitélios representados e resultado do exame citopatológico. A avaliação da qualificação dos profissionais baseou-se na comparação dos formulários referentes ao período de dezembro de 2015 a junho de 2016, antes da capacitação, com os formulários de junho de 2016 a janeiro de 2017, após a capacitação. Avaliou-se o resultado utilizando-se o teste do c2 de Pearson, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Após a capacitação, houve aumento de amostras satisfatórias, de 97,81% para 99,0%. Observou-se insatisfatoriedade nas amostras coletadas antes e após a capacitação, correspondendo a 2,18% e 1,0%, respectivamente (p<0,0001). Houve índice maior de espécimes com representatividade somente de células escamosas antes da qualificação ­ 44,6 %. Verificou-se aumento da frequência de representação de células endocervicais, 55,39% para 85,03% (p<0,0001). Quanto aos resultados negativos para lesão intraepitelial e/ou malignidade, os percentuais obtidos foram 97,02% e 93,38%, antes e depois da capacitação, respectivamente. Foram constatados 2,41% e 5,14% (p<0,0001) de lesões menos graves, em comparação às lesões mais graves, correspondendo a 0,55% e 1,46% (p=0,0182), nas amostras obtidas antes e após a qualificação, respectivamente. Conclusão: Após a capacitação, houve melhora na adequabilidade da amostra, representação dos epitélios e resultado do exame. Logo, é imprescindível a capacitação dos profissionais coletores do exame citopatológico, proporcionando maior confiabilidade nos resultados.

Ocorrência de geohelmintos em areia de locais públicos municipais de Videira e Itá SC, Brasil / Occurrence of parasites in public places of sand municipal Videira and Itá, SC, Brazil

A areia das áreas de lazer presentes em praças públicas pode constituir uma via de transmissão de doenças, com potencial risco para as crianças. Um grande número de espécies que podem ser encontradas na areia são potentes agentes patogênicos. Por este motivo, foi expressa a preocupação de que estes locais possam atuar como reservatórios de doenças. Portanto, este estudo objetiva avaliar a qualidade da areia de praças nas cidades de Videira e Itá SC, sob o ponto de vista parasitológico, utilizando os métodos de Lutz e Rugai. No presente trabalho, através da análise microscópica do material coletado, foi possível observar que 40 % das praças analisadas apresentavam-se contaminadas. Foram encontrados ovos de Ascaris lumbricoides e larvas de ancilostomídeos, indicando que a população que frequenta estes locais apresenta risco de contrair estas parasitoses se não forem tomadas medidas de sanitização e prevenção.

The sand of recreational areas found in public squares can be a route of transmission of disease, with potential risk to children. A large number of species that can be found in the sand are potent pathogenic agents. For this reason, concern has been expressed that these places can act as reservoirs or disease vectors. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the quality of the sand public squares in the cities of Videira and Ita SC, under the parasitological point of view, using Lutz and Rugai methods. In this study, through the microscopic analysis of the collected material, it was observed that 40% of the analyzed squares had become contaminated. Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm larvae were found, indicating that the population that frequents these places is at risk of contracting these parasites if not taken measures of sanitation and prevention.

Leafy Vegetables Free Of Coliforms And Parasites After Washing In Chlorine Treated Water

The production and preparation of vegetables for consumption involve procedures that pose health risks to consumers. In this context the water plays an important role in the quality of minimally processed vegetables. We assessed the hygienic-sanitary quality of leafy vegetables and obtained data of interest to health surveillance agencies and public health. They were tested for the presence of total and faecal coliforms, and also parasitic protozoa and helminths. The vegetable samples were purchased in supermarkets of the Midwest of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. We performed bacteriological analyses of wash water samples using chromogenic substrates to obtain the most probable number of the coliform group at 35 °C and Escherichia coli. We used Hoffman's spontaneous sedimentation technique for the parasitological analysis in order to check the occurrence of heavy and light helminths eggs and protozoan cysts. The analyses indicated the presence of coliforms, nematodes and freeliving protozoa, except for the last wash. We concluded that the washing process using running water and no active chlorine was not efficient in reducing the load of microorganisms in the vegetables. Therefore, intensive educational programmes should be implemented by health authorities to encourage hygienic-sanitary practices and risk reduction of food-borne diseases.(AU)

Endothelins contribute towards nociception induced by antigen in ovalbumin-sensitised mice.

1. The contribution of endogenous endothelins to nociceptive responses elicited by ovalbumin (OVA) in the hind-paw of mice sensitised to this antigen (50 microg OVA+5 mg Al(OH)(3), s.c., 14 days beforehand) was investigated. 2. Sensitised mice exhibited greater nocifensive responsiveness to intraplantar (i.pl.) OVA (total licking time over first 30 min: 85.2+/-14.6 s at 0.3 microg; 152.6+/-35.6 s at 1 microg) than nonsensitised animals (29.3+/-7.4 s at 1 microg). Nocifensive responses of sensitised mice to 0.3 microg OVA were inhibited by morphine (3 mg kg(-1), s.c.) or local depletion of mast cells (four daily i.pl. injections of compound 48/80). 3. Pretreatment with i.v. bosentan (mixed ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist; 52 micromol kg(-1)) or A-122722.5 (selective ET(A) receptor antagonist; 6 micromol kg(-1)) reduced OVA-induced licking from 124.8+/-20.6 s to 45.7+/-13.0 s and 64.2+/-12.1 s, respectively, whereas A-192621.1 (selective ET(B) receptor antagonist; 25 micromol kg(-1)) enhanced them to 259.2+/-39.6 s. 4. Local i.pl. pretreatment with BQ-123 or BQ-788 (selective ET(A) or ET(B) receptor antagonists, respectively, each at 3 nmol) reduced OVA-induced licking (from 106.2+/-15.2 to 57.0+/-9.4 s and from 118.6+/-10.5 to 76.8+/-14.7 s, respectively). Sarafotoxin S6c (selective ETB receptor agonist, 30 pmol, i.pl., 30 min after OVA) induced nocifensive responses in OVA-sensitised, but not in nonsensitised, animals. 5. Compound 48/80 (0.3 microg, i.pl.) induced nocifensive responses per se and potentiated those induced by i.pl. capsaicin (0.1 microg). Treatment with BQ-123 (3 nmol, i.pl.) reduced only the hyperalgesic effect of compound 48/80, whereas BQ-788 (3 nmol) was ineffective. 6. Thus, immune-mediated Type I hypersensitivity reactions elicit mast cell- and endothelin-dependent nociception in the mouse hind-paw, which are mediated locally by both ET(A) and ET(B) receptors. The nocifensive response to antigen is amenable to blockade by systemic treatment with dual ET(A)/ET(B) or selective ET(A) receptor antagonists, but is sharply potentiated by systemic selective ET(B) receptor antagonist treatment. The apparently distinct roles played by ET(B) receptors in this phenomenon at local and other sites remain to be characterised.