Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Osteoartritis/veterinaria , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Animales , Conducta Animal/fisiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Enfermedades de los Perros/fisiopatología , Perros , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Ortopedia/métodos , Ortopedia/veterinaria , Osteoartritis/patología , Osteoartritis/fisiopatología , Dolor/diagnóstico , Dolor/veterinariaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by loss of neurons and are commonly associated with a genetic mutation. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To characterize the clinical and histopathological features of a novel degenerative neurological disease affecting the brain of young adult Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers (NSDTRs). ANIMALS: Nine, young adult, related NSDTRs were evaluated for neurological dysfunction and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. METHODS: Case series review. RESULTS: Clinical signs of neurological dysfunction began between 2 months and 5 years of age and were progressive in nature. They were characterized by episodes of marked movements during sleep, increased anxiety, noise phobia, and gait abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging documented symmetrical, progressively increasing, T2-weighted image intensity, predominantly within the caudate nuclei, consistent with necrosis secondary to gray matter degeneration. Abnormalities were not detected on clinicopathological analysis of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, infectious disease screening or urine metabolite screening in most cases. Postmortem examination of brain tissue identified symmetrical malacia of the caudate nuclei and axonal dystrophy within the brainstem and spinal cord. Genealogical analysis supports an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: A degenerative encephalopathy was identified in young adult NSDTRs consistent with a hereditary disease. The prognosis is guarded due to the progressive nature of the disease, which is minimally responsive to empirical treatment.
Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Trastornos Heredodegenerativos del Sistema Nervioso/veterinaria , Trastorno de la Conducta del Sueño REM/veterinaria , Animales , Encefalopatías/genética , Encefalopatías/patología , Enfermedades de los Perros/genética , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Trastornos Heredodegenerativos del Sistema Nervioso/diagnóstico , Trastornos Heredodegenerativos del Sistema Nervioso/patología , Masculino , Linaje , Trastorno de la Conducta del Sueño REM/genética , Trastorno de la Conducta del Sueño REM/patologíaRESUMEN
Spinal arachnoid cysts were diagnosed in four dogs; two schipperkes and two rottweilers. Myelography showed the cysts to be localised either at the second to third caudal vertebrae or between the eighth and tenth thoracic vertebrae. The cysts were drop-shaped with a dorsal midline localisation, intradural in the arachnoid space, and with a cranial opening. Surgical treatment was performed by one of two techniques; durotomy with drainage or durectomy with resection. As the pathological examination in one case revealed a lining of hyperplastic pia-arachnoid meningothelial cells in the cyst, it was assumed that the cyst originates from a developmental disturbance during formation of the arachnoid membrane. Follow-up studies were carried out from 10 months to four years postoperatively and revealed that there were no further problems in three out of four of the dogs during this period.