Association between adult food insecurity and mortality among adults aged 20-79 years with diabetes: A population-based retrospective cohort study.

AIMS: There is limited research on the relationship between food insecurity and mortality among individuals with diabetes. This study aims to investigate the impact of food insecurity on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adults with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study included 5749 adults with diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles 2003-2018 and followed up until 31 December 2019. Food insecurity was measured by the Food Security Survey Module. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for both all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS: The weighted prevalence of full food security, marginal food security, low food security, and very low food security was 70.8%, 11.0%, 10.4%, and 7.8%, respectively. Food insecurity demonstrated a significant correlation with diminished diet quality and reduced consumption of healthy foods. Over the course of 42,272.0 person-years of follow-up, we documented 1091 deaths, of which 370 were attributed to cardiovascular disease and 180 to cancer. After adjusting for multiple variables, food insecurity scores were significantly and linearly associated with increased all-cause mortality. Comparing to full food security, participants experiencing very low food security had a multivariate-adjusted HR of 1.48 (1.12, 1.95) for all-cause mortality (ptrend = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Food insecurity was associated with increased all-cause mortality and compromised diet quality, especially in individuals experiencing very low food security. Future strategies may necessitate the monitoring of and interventions for food insecurity among individuals with diabetes.

Enhancement of the classification and recovery process of fine mineral particles via a newly developed volute feed hydrocyclone.

Ore resources in the mining process form a large number of unmanageable tailings, mostly inhalable fine mineral particles, into the environment will cause serious pollution, and recycling is a precious resource. The cyclone classification provides the possibility for the recovery and exploitation of fine particles, but the recovery and utilization rate of conventional cyclone separation is seriously low, and the performance urgently should be optimized. In the present study, a new type of volute feed was proposed to strengthen the classification and recovery process of fine mineral particles. Combined with numerical simulation and experimental research, the effects of various structural parameters and operating parameters on the flow field distribution, particle motion, and classification performance were systematically examined. The obtained results reveal that the new volute feed structure can effectively reduce the internal turbulence and improve the flow field stability and particle classification efficiency. Compared with the traditional hydrocyclone, the classification efficiency of fine particles with new feed structure increases by 10-18%. Increasing underflow diameter and feed pressure and reducing overflow diameter and feed concentration are also beneficial to lessening classification particle size and enhancing classification performance. The currently achieved outcomes can provide valuable guidelines for further development of novel hydrocyclones.

Efficient hydrogen production from wastewater remediation by piezoelectricity coupling advanced oxidation processes.

Efficient H2 harvesting from wastewater instead of pure water can minimize fresh water consumption, which is expected to solve the problem of water shortage in H2 production process and contribute to carbon neutrality in the environmental remediation, but the inevitable electron depletion caused by electron-consuming pollutants will result in an exhausted H2 evolution reaction (HER) performance. In this paper, by coupling piezocatalysis and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) by a MoS2/Fe0/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) ternary system, extensive types of wastewater achieved considerable H2 generation, which exceeded the yield in pure water with synchronous advanced degradation of organic pollutants. In addition, profiting from the crucial bridging role of PMS, the H2 yield in nitrobenzene wastewater after the introduction of PMS-based AOPs increased 3.37-fold from 267.7 µmol·g-1·h-1 to 901.0 µmol·g-1·h-1 because the presence of PMS both thermodynamically benefited MoS2 piezocatalytic H2 evolution and eliminated the electron depletion caused by organic pollutants. By this way, the original repressed H2 evolution performance in substrate of wastewater not only was regained but even showed a significant enhancement than that in pure water (505.7 µmol·g-1·h-1). Additionally, the cyclonic piezoelectric reactor was preliminarily designed for future industrialization. This strategy provided a valuable path for the recycling of actual wastewater by fuel production and synchronous advanced treatment.

Sludge low-temperature drying with mainly non-phase change in mere seconds based on particle high-speed self-rotation in cyclone.

Improper sludge treatment will cause serious environmental problems, and sludge drying is the key to effective treatment. Almost all the existing sludge drying technologies use heating to overcome the great latent heat of moisture vaporization, which leads to high drying energy consumption. In this study, based on the particle high-speed self-rotation in the cyclone and micro-interface oscillations, the cyclone self-rotation drying (CSRD) technology was developed. It can realize drying of the dewatered landfill sludge (DLS) and the urban sewage dewatered sludge (UDSS) with mainly non-phase change. The obtained results reveal that at low carrier gas temperatures (< 100 °C) and very short residence time (< 15 s), the moisture content of the DLS decreased from 53% to 6.85%, and that of the UDSS decreased from 67% to 18.92%. Through calculation, the proportions of moisture non-phase change removal during the CSRD process touched 68.94% and 63.39%, respectively. Based on the experimental studies, we proposed an enlarged industrial application program (50 t/d) for the UDSS drying by employing the CSRD technology. The operating cost was 159.69 CNY/t H2O, showing prominent advantages. This study can provide guidelines for the practical application of CSRD technology and fill the scientific gap in the field of moisture non-phase change separation for sludge drying.

Application of gas cyclone-liquid jet absorption separator for purification of tail gas containing ammonia.

In this experiment, with stainless steel gas cyclone-liquid jet absorption separator as carrier, NH3 as experimental gas, and water and H3PO4 solution as absorbents, corresponding NH3 absorption rate change is obtained through the adjustment of experimental parameters, such as NH3 inlet concentration, inlet velocity of mixed gas, injection flow rate of absorbent, temperature of absorbent, and H3PO4 absorbent concentration. The NH3 absorption rate decreases with the increase in NH3 inlet concentration and inlet gas velocity. The NH3 absorption rate will increase first and then tends to remain unchanged after reaching a certain degree with the increase in liquid injection flow rate and absorbent concentration. The NH3 absorption rate will increase first and then decrease with the increase in the absorbent temperature. The maximum NH3 removal efficiencies of water and H3PO4 were 96% and 99%, respectively.

Enhancement of PM2.5 Cyclone Separation by Droplet Capture and Particle Sorting.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is one of the most serious environmental pollutants worldwide, and efficient separation technologies are crucial to the control of PM2.5 emission from industrial sources. We developed a novel method to enhance PM2.5 cyclone separation by droplet capture and particle sorting using a vertical reverse rotation cyclone (VRR-C, inlet particle-sorting cyclone). The separation performances of common cyclone (CM-C) without droplets, CM-C with droplets, and VRR-C with droplets were compared in terms of energy consumption, overall separation efficiency, particle grade efficiency, outlet particle concentration, and outlet particle size distribution. The results show that the highest overall separation efficiencies were 51.7%, 89.9%, and 94.5% for CM-C without droplets, CM-C with droplets, and VRR-C with droplets, respectively, when the mean diameter of the inlet particles was 3.2 µm and the inlet particle concentration was 500 mg/m3. The PM2.5 grade efficiency of VRR-C with droplets was as high as 89.8%, which was 6.2% and 49.9% higher than those of CM-C with droplets and CM-C without droplets, respectively. This novel method was first successfully applied to the deep purification of product gas in the methanol-to-olefin (MTO) industry, for which the separation efficiency of fine catalyst particles was considerably improved.

In-situ sludge reduction and carbon reuse in an anoxic/oxic process coupled with hydrocyclone breakage.

The long-term performance of an anoxic-oxic-hydrocyclone (AOH) process with an in-situ hydrocyclone treatment unit in the mixed liquid return line for sludge reduction and carbon reuse has been observed, in comparison with a conventional anoxic-oxic (AO) process. Three parallel side-stream systems, including one AOH25 system with a 25-mm hydrocyclone, one AOH35 system with a 35-mm hydrocyclone and one AO system, were built and fed with real wastewater for a comparative study in a wastewater treatment plant. The results demonstrate that the hydrocyclone in the AOH process was able to break macro-flocs into smaller flocs. And the desorption of the extracellular polymeric substance from return activated sludge (AS) leaded to an average increase of 62.97% and 36.36% in SCOD in the AOH25 and AOH35 system, respectively. In addition, shear forces, centrifugal forces of revolution and flocs' rotation in the hydrocyclone were proposed to be the main influence mechanism of hydrocyclone treatment on AS properties. Compared with the AO process, the SCOD concentration in the effluent of the AOH processes presented a decrease of 12.0 mg/L and the TN was reduced by 21.50% owing to the released carbon sources reuse. Moreover, the sludge production was reduced by 36.81% and 35.92% in the AOH25 and AOH35 process, respectively. By contrast, the AOH25 system was better than the AOH35 system.

Inlet Particle-Sorting Cyclone for the Enhancement of PM2.5 Separation.

Many cities are suffering from severe air pollution from fine particulate matter. Cyclone is an effective separator for particulate pollutant but has low efficiency for those with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm or less (PM2.5). In this research, four novel inlet particle-sorting cyclones were first developed to enhance the separation of PM2.5. The energy consumption, overall separation efficiency, particle grade efficiency,outlet particle concentration and size distribution were compared with common cyclone (CM-C). It was found that the vertical reverse rotation cyclone (VRR-C), which made the smaller particles enter cyclone from radially outer side and axially lower side at the rectangular inlet, had the best separation performance, especially for PM2.5 separation. The mean diameter of inlet particles was 15.7 µm and the particle concentration was 2000 mg/m3, the overall separation efficiency of the VRR-C reached 98.3%, which was 6.4% higher than that of CM-C. PM2.5 grade efficiency of the VRR-C exceeded 80%, which was 15∼20% higher than that of CM-C. The PM2.5 content at the VRR-C outlet was 30.8 mg/m3, while that of CM-C was still 118.4 mg/m3. The novel inlet particle-sorting cyclone is an effective separation enhancement for PM2.5 source control in the process of industrial production and environment protection.