Nutritional support therapy for liver transplantation in an adult-onset type II citrullinemia patient: a case report.

Liver transplantation is an effective measure to treat adult-onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2). Active and effective perioperative nutrition support is a very important treatment for the prognosis of such patients. In this paper, we analyzed the process, results, and outcome of nutritional support therapy in a case of CTLN2, and concluded that the perioperative nutritional support program for CTLN2 patients should be followed prior to surgery:1.because of the prevalence of severe malnutrition in CTLN2 patients, Enteral nutrition (EN) combined with Parenteral nutrition (PN) should be the first choice for nutritional support; 2. daily energy intake should be 35 ~ 40 kcal/kg; 3. the nutritional formula should be composed of low-carbohydrates and high medium-chain triglyceride (MCT). Postoperative: initiating EN as soon as possible is recommended to restore intestinal function and adjuvant PN might be taken into consideration in the early stage. The purpose of this case was to provide experience for the development and adjustment of the perioperative nutritional support regimen for CTLN2 patients.

Global, regional, and national burden of chronic respiratory diseases and associated risk factors, 1990-2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Background: The burden of chronic respiratory diseases has changed over the three decades. This study aims to describe the spatiotemporal trends of prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) due to chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) worldwide during 1990-2019 using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Methods: The prevalence, mortality, and DALY attributable to CRDs and risk factors from 1990 to 2019 were estimated. We also assessed the driving factors and potentiality for improvement with decomposition and frontier analyses, respectively. Results: In 2019, 454.56 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 417.35-499.14] million individuals worldwide had a CRD, showing a 39·8% increase compared with 1990. Deaths due to CRDs were 3.97 (95%UI: 3.58-4.30) million, and DALY in 2019 was 103.53 (95%UI: 94.79-112.27) million. Declines by average annual percent change (AAPC) were observed in age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR) (0.64% decrease), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) (1.92%), and age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR) (1.72%) globally and in 5 socio-demographic index (SDI) regions. Decomposition analyses represented that the increase in overall CRDs DALY was driven by aging and population growth. However, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was the leading driver of increased DALY worldwide. Frontier analyses witnessed significant improvement opportunities at all levels of the development spectrum. Smoking remained a leading risk factor (RF) for mortality and DALY, although it showed a downward trend. Air pollution, a growing factor especially in relatively low SDI regions, deserves our attention. Conclusion: Our study clarified that CRDs remain the leading causes of prevalence, mortality, and DALY worldwide, with growth in absolute numbers but declines in several age-standardized estimators since 1990. The estimated contribution of risk factors to mortality and DALY demands the need for urgent measures to improve them. Systematic review registration: http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool.

Isolation of oligostilbenes from Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz and their anti-inflammatory activities.

Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz (Iris lactea) is an herbaceous perennial widely distributed in China, India, and South Korea. Iris lactea has been extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine. The present study isolated a new oligostilbene (compound 1), together with three known oligostilbenes (compounds 2, 3 and 4) from the seeds of Iris lactea. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by HRESIMS, NMR, and chemical analyses. The network-based pharmacologic analysis platform was used to predict the target proteins related to inflammation of isolated compounds. Furthermore, the isolated compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In this network, 138 candidate targets of compounds related to its therapeutic effect on inflammation were identified. In addition, compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4 significantly decreased NO content and the IL-6 levels as well as the expression of COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

Identification of Senescence-Related Subtypes, the Development of a Prognosis Model, and Characterization of Immune Infiltration and Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer.

Cellular senescence is associated with tumorigenesis, and the subtype and prognostic signatures of senescence-related genes (SRGs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and gut microbiota have not been fully determined. Analysis of 91 SRGs obtained from the GSEA and MSigDB, and mRNA sequencing of genes in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases enabled the identification of two distinct molecular types of colorectal cancer (CRC). Patient samples were clustered into two subtypes, with Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showing significant differences in patient survival between the two subtypes. Cluster C2 was associated with patient clinicopathological features, high immune score, high abundance of immune infiltrating cells and somewhat high abundance of bacteria. A risk model based on eight SRGs showed that a low risk score was characterized by inhibition of immune activity and was indicative of better prognosis in patients with CRC. In combination with clinical characteristics, risk score was found to be an independent prognostic predictor of survival in patients with CRC. In conclusion, the present study showed that senescence-related subtypes and a signature consisting of eight SRGs were associated with CRC patient prognosis, as well as with immune cell infiltration and gut microbiota. These findings may enable better prediction of CRC patient prognosis and facilitate individualized treatments.

[Preparation and characterization of fenugreek leaf flavonoids and their protective effects against oxidative damage to hepatocytes].

The present study investigated the main components of fenugreek(Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) leaf flavonoids(FLFs) and their antioxidant activity. FLFs were prepared and enriched by solvent extraction, and the flavonoids were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). The protective effect of FLFs against H_2O_2-induced stress damage to L02 hepatocytes was also investigated. Firstly, the cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The oxidative stress injury model was induced by H_2O_2 in L02 cells. The release of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), the content of reduced glutathione(GSH) and malondialdehyde(MDA), and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were measured by assay kits. Hoechst fluorescence staining was performed to observe the cell apoptosis. The expression levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2), nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2(Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1(HO-1), and their phosphorylated proteins were detected by Western blot. Based on the MS fragment ion information and data in databases, FLFs contained eight flavonoids with quercetin and kaempferol as the main aglycons. The cell viabi-lity assay revealed that as compared with the conditions in the H_2O_2 treatment group, 3.125-25 µg·mL~(-1) FLFs could increase the viability of L02 cells, reduce LDH release and MDA content in a dose-dependent manner, potentiate the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH, decrease the phosphorylation of JNK and ERK1/2 proteins, and up-regulate the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. The results of fluorescence staining showed that the nucleus of the H_2O_2 treatment group showed concentrated and dense strong blue fluorescence, while the blue fluorescence intensity of the FLFs group decreased significantly. FLFs showed a protective effect against H_2O_2-induced oxidative damage in L02 cells, and the underlying mechanism is associated with the enhancement of cell capability in clearing oxygen free radicals and the inhibition of apoptosis by the activation of the MAPKs/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. The antioxidant effect of fenugreek leaf is related to its rich flavonoids.

Effect of B-complex vitamins on the antifatigue activity and bioavailability of ginsenoside Re after oral administration.

BACKGROUND: Both ginsenoside Re and B-complex vitamins are widely used as nutritional supplements. They are often taken together so as to fully utilize their antifatigue and refreshing effects, respectively. Whether actually a drug-nutrient interaction exists between ginsenoside Re and B-complex vitamins is still unknown. The objective of this study was to simultaneously investigate the effect of B-complex vitamins on the antifatigue activity and bioavailability of ginsenoside Re after their oral administration. The study results will provide valuable theoretical guidance for the combined utilization of ginseng and B-complex vitamins. METHODS: Ginsenoside Re with or without B-complex vitamins was orally administered to mice to evaluate its antifatigue effects and to rats to evaluate its bioavailability. The antifatigue activity was evaluated by the weight-loaded swimming test and biochemical parameters, including hepatic glycogen, plasma urea nitrogen, and blood lactic acid. The concentration of ginsenoside Re in plasma was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: No antifatigue effect of ginsenoside Re was noted when ginsenoside Re in combination with B-complex vitamins was orally administered to mice. B-complex vitamins caused to a reduction in the bioavailability of ginsenoside Re with the area under the concentration-time curve from zero to infinity markedly decreasing from 11,830.85 ± 2,366.47 h·ng/mL to 890.55 ± 372.94 h·ng/mL. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that there were pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug-nutrient interactions between ginsenoside Re and B-complex vitamins. B-complex vitamins can significantly weaken the antifatigue effect and decrease the bioavailability of ginsenoside Re when simultaneously administered orally.

[Stable Isotopes Characters of Soil Water Movement in Shijiazhuang City].

In this study, we analyzed the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope values of precipitation, soil water, irrigation water that collected in Shijiazhuang City from April 2013 to May 2014 to investigate the changing rule of the stable isotopes in different soil profiles and the process of soil water movement according to using the isotope tracer technique. The results showed that the mean excess deuterium of the local precipitation was -6.188 5 per thousand. Those reflected that the precipitation in Shijiazhuang City mainly brought by the monsoon from the ocean surface moisture, and also to some extent by the local evaporation. Precipitation was the main source of the soil water and the irrigation water played the supplementary role. In the rainy season, precipitation was enough to supply the soil water. The stable oxygen isotopes at 10-100 cm depth decreased with the increase of depth, the maximum depth of evaporation in the rainy season reached 40 cm. The peak of stable oxygen isotopes of soil water pushed down along the profile, which was infected by the interaction of the precipitation infiltration, evaporation and the mixing water.