Vasorelaxation induced by a new naphthoquinone-oxime is mediated by NO-sGC-cGMP pathway.

It has been established that oximes cause endothelium-independent relaxation in blood vessels. In the present study, the cardiovascular effects of the new oxime 3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-(3-methylbut-2-enylnaphtalen-1(4H)-one (Oxime S1) derived from lapachol were evaluated. In normotensive rats, administration of Oxime S1 (10, 15, 20 and 30 mg/Kg, i.v.) produced dose-dependent reduction in blood pressure. In isolated aorta and superior mesenteric artery rings, Oxime S1 induced endothelium-independent and concentration-dependent relaxations (10(-8) M to 10(-4) M). In addition, Oxime S1-induced vasorelaxations were attenuated by hydroxocobalamin or methylene blue in aorta and by PTIO or ODQ in mesenteric artery rings, suggesting a role for the nitric oxide (NO) pathway. Additionally, Oxime S1 (30 and 100 µM) significantly increased NO concentrations (13.9 ± 1.6 nM and 17.9 ± 4.1 nM, respectively) measured by nitric oxide microsensors. Furthermore, pre-contraction with KCl (80 mM) prevented Oxime S1-derived vasorelaxation in endothelium-denuded aortic rings. Of note, combined treatment with potassium channel inhibitors also reduced Oxime S1-mediated vasorelaxation suggesting a role for potassium channels, more precisely Kir, Kv and KATP channels. We observed the involvement of BKCa channels in Oxime S1-induced relaxation in mesenteric artery rings. In conclusion, these data suggest that the Oxime S1 induces hypotension and vasorelaxation via NO pathway by activating soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and K+ channels.

Nitric oxide as a target for the hypotensive and vasorelaxing effects induced by (Z)-ethyl 12-nitrooxy-octadec-9-enoate in rats.

The cardiovascular effects induced by a new organic nitrate were investigated in rats. The (Z)-ethyl 12-nitrooxy-octadec-9-enoate (NCOE) was synthesized from ricinoleic acid, the major compound of the castor oil. NCOE induced significant and dose-dependent hypotension and bradycardia in normotensive rats. In rats pretreated with NCOE (60 mg/kg, i.v., once a day) for 4 consecutive days, hypotension induced by the nitrate was similar to that observed in rats that were not pretreated with the compound. The vasorelaxation induced by the compound was concentration-dependent (10(-10)-10(-3) M) in rat mesenteric artery rings, pre-contracted with phenylephrine (1 µM), with or without endothelium. Pre-incubation with PTIO (300 µM), a free radical form of NO (NO) scavenger, attenuated the NCOE vasorelaxation potency. However, in the presence of L-cysteine (3 mM), a reduced form of NO (NO-) scavenger, NCOE response was potentiated. NCOE effect was not changed in the presence of an inhibitor of cytochrome P450, proadifen (10 µM). On the other hand, the vasodilation was reduced in the presence of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor (mtALDH), cyanamide (1 mM); soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (sGC), ODQ (10 µM); and non-selective K+ channels blocker, TEA (3 mM). In addition the NCOE-induced vasorelaxation was reduced by BKCa (iberiotoxin, 100 nM) and KATP selective (glibenclamide, 10 µM) blockers, however the effect was not modified by a KV blocker (4-aminopyridine, 1 mM). Furthermore, NCOE increased NO levels in rat aortic smooth muscle cultured cells, detected by NO-sensitive probe DAF-2DA, by flow cytometry. These results together suggest that NCOE induces short-lasting hypotension and bradycardia, and promotes vasorelaxation due to NO release through the compound metabolism via mtALDH and consequent sGC, KATP and BKCa activation. Furthermore, the compound was not able to induce tolerance.

Vasorelaxation, induced by Dictyota pulchella (Dictyotaceae), a brown alga, is mediated via inhibition of calcium influx in rats.

This study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular effects elicited by Dictyota pulchella, a brown alga, using in vivo and in vitro approaches. In normotensive conscious rats, CH(2)Cl(2)/MeOH Extract (CME, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) from Dictyota pulchella produced dose-dependent hypotension (-4 ± 1; -8 ± 2; -53 ± 8 and -63 ± 3 mmHg) and bradycardia (-8 ± 6; -17 ± 11; -257 ± 36 and -285 ± 27 b.p.m.). In addition, CME and Hexane/EtOAc Phase (HEP) (0.01-300 µg/mL) from Dictyota pulchella induced a concentration-dependent relaxation in phenylephrine (Phe, 1 µM)-pre-contracted mesenteric artery rings. The vasorelaxant effect was not modified by the removal of the vascular endothelium or pre-incubation with KCl (20 mM), tetraethylammonium (TEA, 3 mM) or tromboxane A(2) agonist U-46619 (100 nM). Furthermore, CME and HEP reversed CaCl(2)-induced vascular contractions. These results suggest that both CME and HEP act on the voltage-operated calcium channel in order to produce vasorelaxation. In addition, CME induced vasodilatation after the vessels have been pre-contracted with L-type Ca(2+) channel agonist (Bay K 8644, 200 nM). Taken together, our data show that CME induces hypotension and bradycardia in vivo and that both CME and HEP induce endothelium-independent vasodilatation in vitro that seems to involve the inhibition of the Ca(2+) influx through blockade of voltage-operated calcium channels.

Vasorelaxant action of N-p-nitrophenylmaleimide in the isolated rat mesenteric artery.

The vasorelaxant response of N-p-nitrophenylmaleimide (4-NO2-NPM) was evaluated. The mesenteric rings (1-2 mm i.d.) were suspended by cotton thread for isometric tension recordings in a Tyrode's solution at 37 degrees C and gassed with a mixture of 95% O2 and 5% CO2, under a resting tension of 0.75 g. 4-NO2-NPM induced relaxation in mesenteric rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine (Phe; 10 microM, pD2 = 6.7 +/- 0.3) or KCl (80 mM, pD2 = 3.9 +/- 0.2). This effect was significantly attenuated after removal of the vascular endothelium, N(G)-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 microM), atropine (1 microM), indomethacin (10 microM), L-NAME + indomethacin or 1H-[1,2,3]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 10 microM). L-Arginine (1 mM) reversed the inhibitory effect of L-NAME. In endothelium-intact preparations pre-incubated with 20 mM KCl, tetraethylammonium bromide (TEA; 1 mM) or glibenclamide (Glib; 10 microM), the vasorelaxant effect was significantly attenuated when compared to controls (endothelium intact). In denuded rings, separate incubation with 20 mM KCl, TEA or Glib did not change the relaxation when compared with that obtained in denuded rings. 4-NO2-NPM inhibited in a concentration-dependent and non-competitive manner the concentration-response curves induced by CaCl2. In calcium-free medium, the transient contractions induced by Phe (10 microM) or caffeine (20 mM) were inhibited. The relaxant effect induced by 4-NO2-NPM appeared to be due to endothelial muscarinic receptors activation, NO and prostacyclin release and K(ATP) and BK(Ca) (Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels) endothelium-dependent activation. Inhibition of the Ca2+ influx and inhibition of the Ca2+ release from intracellular IP3- and caffeine-sensitive stores are also involved in the vasorelaxation.