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This observational study aimed to describe and analyze data from two external evaluations of the National Program for Improving Access to and Quality of Dental Specialty Centers (PMAQ CEO), held in 2014 and 2018 in Brazil, which evaluated Dental Specialty Centers (CEO) using a national and census approach. We selected questions through a search in the microdata of the first and second evaluations. The groups were analyzed independently. To compare the groups, nonparametric tests were performed (Mann Whitney U). The formulated hypotheses were: there would be no differences between the data of these groups (h0) and there would be differences between the data of these groups (h1). For qualitative nominal variables, frequency distribution was verified and association tests were performed (chi-square test). The significance level for this study was set at 5%. We observed that orthodontic treatments were found in about 13% of the CEO. Regarding human resources, most professionals were specialists or had MSc or PhD degrees; were civil servants; had been hired by direct administration; or had been hired via public tender. Regarding the work process and inclusion of the CEO in the health care network, we observed a greater number of services that use single and electronic medical records, greater presence of services monitoring and analyzing goals, greater knowledge about monthly average of absenteeism (for 2018); and larger number of services with referrals from primary health care centers (for 2014). Expanding the view on orthodontics and including preventive, interceptive, and corrective treatments at different points in health care networks are essential strategies for achieving comprehensive care in universal health systems.
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Atención Odontológica , Salud Bucal , Humanos , Brasil , Ácido Dioctil Sulfosuccínico , Atención a la SaludRESUMEN
Abstract This observational study aimed to describe and analyze data from two external evaluations of the National Program for Improving Access to and Quality of Dental Specialty Centers (PMAQ CEO), held in 2014 and 2018 in Brazil, which evaluated Dental Specialty Centers (CEO) using a national and census approach. We selected questions through a search in the microdata of the first and second evaluations. The groups were analyzed independently. To compare the groups, nonparametric tests were performed (Mann Whitney U). The formulated hypotheses were: there would be no differences between the data of these groups (h0) and there would be differences between the data of these groups (h1). For qualitative nominal variables, frequency distribution was verified and association tests were performed (chi-square test). The significance level for this study was set at 5%. We observed that orthodontic treatments were found in about 13% of the CEO. Regarding human resources, most professionals were specialists or had MSc or PhD degrees; were civil servants; had been hired by direct administration; or had been hired via public tender. Regarding the work process and inclusion of the CEO in the health care network, we observed a greater number of services that use single and electronic medical records, greater presence of services monitoring and analyzing goals, greater knowledge about monthly average of absenteeism (for 2018); and larger number of services with referrals from primary health care centers (for 2014). Expanding the view on orthodontics and including preventive, interceptive, and corrective treatments at different points in health care networks are essential strategies for achieving comprehensive care in universal health systems.
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INTRODUCTION: The assessment of responsiveness and the Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID) is the basis for validating the Maternal perception of Childbirth Fatigue Questionnaire (MCFQ). OBJECTIVE: To assess the responsiveness and determine the value of the MCID for the MCFQ. METHODS: This is an observational study, conducted at HC-UFPE with 50 parturients in active labor. The MCFQ was applied in two moments: in the initial evaluation (EV1), performed at the beginning of labor between 4-6 cm of uterine dilation, and final (EV2), six hours after the first evaluation. Responsiveness was determined by calculating the effect size (ES), and standardized response mean (SRM), considering that values of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 points represent respectively small, moderate, or large values of responsiveness. The ability to detect change through the questionnaire was also assessed by the t-test. The level of significance adopted for this analysis was p less than 0.05. The MCID was verified based on the calculation of the standard error of measurement (SEM) index. RESULTS: The MCFQ showed values of 0.4 and 0.6 for ES and SEM respectively and a p-value <0.001, thus showing a good capacity for change. The value of the MCID for this population was seven points. CONCLUSION: MCFQ presents a potentially significant change with a value of the MCID of seven points after six hours of active labor.
INTRODUÇÃO: A avaliação da responsividade e da Diferença Mínima Importante (DMI) é fundamentação para validação do Questionário de percepção Materna de Fadiga no Trabalho de Parto (QMFP). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a responsividade e determinar o valor da DMI para o QMFP. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, realizado no HC-UFPE com 50 parturientes em fase ativa do trabalho de parto. O QMFP foi aplicado em dois momentos: na avaliação inicial (AV1), realizada no início do trabalho de parto entre 4-6 centímetro de dilatação uterina, e final (AV2), após seis horas da primeira avaliação. A responsividade foi determinada pelo cálculo do effect size (ES), standardized response mean (SRM), considerando que valores de 0,2, 0,5 e 0,8 pontos representam respectivamente um pequeno, moderado ou grande valor de responsividade. A capacidade de detectar mudança pelo questionário também foi avaliada pelo test t. O nível de significância adotado para essa análise foi p menor que 0,05. A DMI foi verificada com base no cálculo do índice standard error of measurement (SEM). RESULTADOS: O QMFP apresentou valores de 0,4 e 0,6 de ES e SEM respectivamente e valor de p<0,001, logo apresenta uma boa capacidade de mudança. O valor da DMI para esta população foi de sete pontos. CONCLUSÃO: O QMFP apresenta uma mudança potencialmente significativa com um valor da DMI de sete pontos após seis horas de trabalho de parto ativo.
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Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Trabajo de Parto , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Mujeres Embarazadas , FatigaRESUMEN
Resumo Objetivo Validar o conteúdo e a aparência da Escala de Empoderamento Juvenil pela Educação em Saúde (EJEduS) após uma intervenção educativa. Métodos Estudo metodológico realizado mediante a avaliação da Escala de Empoderamento Juvenil pela Educação em Saúde (EJEduS) pelos critérios de relevância, clareza e pertinência, por especialistas na temática como também por adolescentes escolares e de uma comunidade quilombola. A análise deu-se pelo Índice e pelo Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo, além do cálculo de Gwet AC2, para verificar a concordância inter e intraespecialistas. Resultados Dos 50 itens iniciais da escala, observou-se a necessidade de reformulação de 18 deles e a exclusão de 11 após discussão de consenso com os adolescentes. A concordância intraespecialistas se mostrou quase perfeita para os três critérios: relevância (Gwet: 0,894; IC95% 0,825-0,919), clareza (Gwet: 0,848; IC95% 0,816-0,879) e pertinência (Gwet: 0,896; IC95% 0,870-0,923). Na análise de concordância intra-adolescentes, observou concordância quase perfeita (Gwet: 0,96; IC95% 0,917-1), e com taxas de Índice e Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo aceitáveis de concordância, ambos com 0,91. Conclusão A escala apresentou Índices de Validade de Conteúdo e aparência satisfatórios para aferir o empoderamento juvenil pela educação em saúde.
Resumen Objetivo Validar el contenido y la apariencia de la Escala de Empoderamiento Juvenil por la Educación para la Salud (EJEduS) después de una intervención educativa. Métodos Estudio metodológico realizado mediante la evaluación de la Escala de Empoderamiento Juvenil por la Educación para la Salud (EJEduS), según criterios de relevancia, claridad y pertinencia, tanto por especialistas del tema, como también por adolescentes escolares y de una comunidad quilombola. El análisis se realizó a través del Índice y del Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido, además del cálculo de Gwet AC2, para verificar la concordancia inter e intraespecialistas. Resultados De los 50 ítems iniciales de la escala, se observó la necesidad de reformular 18 de ellos y de excluir 11 luego de una discusión de consenso entre los adolescentes. La concordancia intraespecialistas demostró ser casi perfecta en los tres criterios: relevancia (Gwet: 0,894; IC95 % 0,825-0,919), claridad (Gwet: 0,848; IC95 % 0,816-0,879) y pertinencia (Gwet: 0,896; IC95 % 0,870-0,923). En el análisis de concordancia intraadolescentes, se observó concordancia casi perfecta (Gwet: 0,96; IC95 % 0,917-1) y con valores aceptables de concordancia del Índice y Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido, ambos 0,91. Conclusión La escala presentó Índices de Validez de Contenido y apariencia satisfactorios para determinar el empoderamiento juvenil por la educación para la salud.
Abstract Objective To validate the Youth Empowerment Through Health Education Scale (EJEduS) content and appearance after an educational intervention. Methods This is a methodological study carried out through EJEduS assessment by relevance, clarity and pertinence criteria by experts in the subject as well as by school adolescents and from a quilombola community. The analysis was performed using the Content Validity Coefficient and Content Validity Index, in addition to calculating the Gwet AC2 to verify inter- and intra-expert agreement. Results Of the initial 50 items on the scale, 18 needed to be reformulated and 11 were excluded after consensus discussion with adolescents. The intra-expert agreement was almost perfect for the three criteria: relevance (Gwet: 0.894; 95%CI 0.825-0.919), clarity (Gwet: 0.848; 95%CI 0.816-0.879) and pertinence (Gwet: 0.896; 95%CI 0.870-0.923). In the intra-adolescent agreement analysis, an almost perfect agreement was observed (Gwet: 0.96; 95%CI 0.917-1), with acceptable agreement rates of Content Validity Coefficient and Content Validity Index, both with 0.91. Conclusion The scale presented satisfactory Content Validity Indexes and appearance to measure youth empowerment through health education.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dentists' income and to identify associated factors in one of the poorest Brazilian states. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study including dentists who volunteered to answer an electronic questionnaire in Maranhão. Hierarchical multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed, estimating crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) (alpha=5%). Results: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the professionals´ income negatively [55.44% (50.26-60.52%)] and also positively [6.9% (4.55-9.94%)]. The negative impact on income was greater among male dentists (OR=2.54; 95%CI: 1.16-5.53), over 30 years of age (OR=3.03; 95%CI: 1.34-6.87), with family income below two minimum wages (OR=4.63; 95%CI: 1.50-14.30), who worked in the continent instead of in the capital island (OR=2.21; 95%CI: 1.14-4.29) and in the private sector (OR=31.43; 95%CI: 11.59-85.22). Moreover, those who had been tested for COVID-19, with a negative result, had a 21.3-fold greater chance of having an increased household income when compared to those who had not been tested. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the dentists' income in Maranhão, especially the older, males, with lower incomes, and who worked in the private sector, living far from the capital. The SUS played an important role in the social protection of dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic, mitigating the economic impacts on the public sector working class.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Salarios y Beneficios , Sistema Único de Salud , COVID-19/prevención & control , Brasil/epidemiología , Intervalos de Confianza , Modelos Logísticos , Estudios Transversales/métodos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Encuestas EpidemiológicasRESUMEN
Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of dental visits due to toothache and tooth extraction in Brazil and its association with individual and contextual variables. This two-step cross-sectional study included persons aged 18 years and older in the 2019 National Health Survey who had visited a dentist in the 12 months prior to the interview (n = 40,369). The individual-level outcome was having a dental visit due to toothache or tooth extraction. The ecological-level outcome was the proportion of dental visits for these reasons relative to all dental visits by Brazilian state. Associations with individual - sociodemographic characteristics, number of teeth, and type of health service used - and ecological variables - HDI and dental service coverage - were assessed using Poisson regressions. The prevalence of dental visits due to toothache or extraction was higher among individuals with no formal education, household income < 25% of the minimum wage, of black and brown skin color, living in rural areas, who consulted in the public health system, with 10-19 and 1-9 teeth, and men. The proportion of dental visits due to toothache/extraction in Brazilian states was negatively associated with the HDI and the rate of dental emergency team/100,000 inhabitants and positively associated with primary dental care coverage. The prevalence of dental visits due to toothache/extraction was associated with individual and ecological characteristics, indicating inequities in reasons for dental visits in Brazil. The potential of a well-structured oral health care network to overcome these inequities is suggested and needs to be better explored.
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O programa de extensão Observatório de Saúde Bucal (OSB/UFPE) objetiva a gestão da informação e desenvolvimento de ferramentas digitais para amelhoria da governança na saúde bucal no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), por meiodo desenvolvimento de pesquisa-ensino-extensão. Atualmente, abriga dois projetos: (1) Saúde Digitaldesenvolvimento de ferramentas eletrônicas para avaliação de serviços e programas de saúdee (2) Gestão da Informação em Saúde Bucal. A execução das ações tem caráter remoto, nas plataformas digitais e presenciais no Laboratório de Gestão da Informação em Saúde Bucal. Para cada projeto,visandomelhorar a qualificação dos atores envolvidos, tem havidoseminários, cursos e eventos, bem como a disponibilização de produtos técnicos e científicos: pesquisas com estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação; elaboração e divulgaçãodeboletins analíticos de serviços de saúde; desenvolvimento e uso de ferramentas de saúde digital.O OSB constituiu-secomo umarede colaborativa de trabalho com agentes múltiplosda academia(docentes, graduandos, residentes, mestrandos e mestres da área de Saúde Coletiva e Informática) e do serviço (gestores municipais e estadual, gerentes, profissionais e usuários dos serviços odontológicos do SUS),os quais se articulam sistematicamente para implementação das ações desenvolvidas conjuntamente. A operacionalização deste programa tem promovido a integraçãocom oserviço, visando à melhoria das práticas da gestãoe da atuação de profissionais nessa áreae tem contribuídoparaa tomada de decisão ágil e oportuna, pautada na evidência científica, possibilitando melhoria de qualidade e promoção de saúde (AU).
The Oral Health Observatory extension program (OSB/UFPE) aims to manage information and develop digital tools that improve the governance in oral health in the Unified Health System (SUS), through the development of research-teaching-extension. It currently shelters two projects: (1) Digital Health development of electronic tools for the evaluation of services and health programs and (2) Oral Health Information Management. The execution of these actions has a remote nature, in digital platforms and on-site at the Oral Health Information Management Laboratory. Aiming to improve the qualification of the actors involved, there has been seminars, courses, and events for each project, as well as the provision of technical and scientific products: research with undergraduate and post-graduate students; elaboration and dissemination of analytical newsletters for health services; development and use of digital health tools. The OSB is a collaborative support work network with multiple academic representatives (professors, undergraduates, residents, masters, and masters in the field of Public Health and Informatics) and services (city and state administrators, managers, professionals, and users of the dental services of the SUS), in which systematically coordinate to implement actions developed collectively. The operationalization of this program has promoted the integration with the service, aiming the improvement of management practices and the practice of professional in this field and has contributed to rapid and timely decision-making, guided on scientific evidence, enabling the improvement of the quality and promotion of health (AU).
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Salud Bucal , Estrategias de Salud , Calidad, Acceso y Evaluación de la Atención de Salud , Gestión de la Información en Salud , Sistema Único de Salud , Educación en Salud , Epidemiología Descriptiva , GobernanzaRESUMEN
Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar os cuidados em saúde bucal de crianças/adolescentes com Paralisia Cerebral (PC) segundo a gravidade, através da percepção dos pais/cuidadores. Estudo série de casos realizado em serviços de saúde de Pernambuco com 94 mães/cuidadores de sujeitos com PC entre 5 e 18 anos. Avaliaram-se fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos, cuidados em saúde bucal e uso de serviços odontológicos (SO). O Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa mostrou 67% com comprometimento motor grave. Indivíduos com PC grave tiveram frequência significantemente maior de pertencerem a famílias com renda mais baixa (89%, p < 0,001), residirem no interior (44%, p < 0,005), terem dificuldades de transporte (60%, p = 0,04) e acessibilidade aos SO (88%, p = 0,009) e maior necessidade de higiene bucal (67%, p = 0,008) realizada pelas mães (94%, p < 0,001). Apesar das barreiras de acesso aos SO, o mesmo foi facilitado para aqueles com PC grave, com uso precoce dos SO, mas com baixa oferta de dentistas e de humanização. Esses resultados informam problemas relacionados aos cuidados diários em saúde bucal, contexto de vida das famílias, de apoio institucional e de qualidade dos SO a serem enfrentados com políticas públicas socioeconômicas e de saúde integrais inclusivas e equânimes.
Abstract The aim was to evaluate the oral health care of children/adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CP) according to severity through the perceptions of parents/caregivers. A case series study was conducted at health services in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil with 94 mothers/caregivers of subjects with CP from 5 and 18 years old. Sociodemographic factors, oral health care and use of dental services (DS) were evaluated. The Gross Motor Function Classification System showed 67% with severe motor impairment. Subjects with severe CP had significantly higher frequencies of belonging to families with lower income (89%, p < 0.001), living in the interior (44%, p < 0.005), having transportation difficulties (60%, p = 0.04), difficulty regarding access to DS (88%, p = 0.009) and a greater need for oral hygiene (67%, p = 0.008), which was performed exclusively by the caregiver (94%, p < 0.001). Despite identified access barriers, dental care was facilitated for those with severe CP, early DS use, but low availability of dentists and low degree of humanization were cited as major problems. These results reveal problems related to daily oral health care, family living context, institutional support and quality of DS that should be addressed in comprehensive, inclusive, equitable social and economic public policies.
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Humanos , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Parálisis Cerebral , Cuidadores , Padres , Percepción , Brasil , Salud Bucal , Atención a la SaludRESUMEN
Objective. To analyze the specialized services of oral health care for people with disabilities, attended by the specialty of Special Care Dentistry (SCD). Methods. A cross-sectional study with data from the Program for Improving Access and Quality of Dental Specialties Centers (PMAQ-CEO), 2014. Results. A total of 932 services were evaluated: 89.8% did have SCD, 30.4% had physical accessibility, 59.7% had reference to hospital care and most guaranteed complete treatment. Only a third of the CEOs offered 40 hours per week of SCD. Conclusion. The network of care for people with disabilities is being formed, and even with specific financial incentives, has limitations. Services need to eliminate physical and attitudinal barriers to ensure universal accessibility. Protocols based on risk classification are necessary, prioritizing the attendance in the CEO of the complex cases, not attended in the primary care and organizing the dental health care network of the people with disabilities.
Objetivo. Descrever os serviços de atenção à saúde bucal para pessoas com deficiência, atendidas pela especialidade Odontologia para Pacientes com Necessidades Especiais (PNE). Métodos. Estudo transversal, com dados do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (PMAQ-CEO), 2014. Resultados. Dos 932 serviços avaliados, 89,8% contavam com atendimento a PNEs, 30,4% apresentavam acessibilidade física e 59,7% contavam com referência para atendimento hospitalar. A maioria garantia tratamento completo. São disponibilizadas 40h semanais de atendimento clínico a PNEs em 1/3 dos CEOs. Conclusão. A rede de cuidado para pessoas com deficiência encontra-se em formação e, apesar dos incentivos financeiros específicos, apresenta limitações. Os serviços precisam eliminar barreiras físicas e atitudinais para garantir acessibilidade universal. Protocolos baseados em classificação de risco são necessários, priorizando atendimento no CEO dos casos complexos, não atendidos na Atenção Básica e organizando a rede de cuidados em saúde bucal da pessoa com deficiência.
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This study aimed to present preliminary research results about the impact of COVID-19 on the professional practice of dentists in Pernambuco. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory study, whose population was composed of dental surgeons with active enrollment in the Regional Dentistry Council of Pernambuco. Data collection was performed using an electronic form and included characterization of professionals (gender, age, time since graduation, marital status, family income and field of work) and health status (vaccination schedule, presence of comorbidities, biosafety knowledge and testing for COVID-19). Preliminary data correspond to the first week of collection, which were analyzed from the frequency, proportions, and measures of central tendency distributions. Of the 363 dental surgeons, for the field of work, 38.6% work in both the public and private sectors. Comorbidities related to the worsening of COVID-19 were identified in 35.0% of participants, 24.5% are not up to date with influenza and hepatitis vaccines, and 79.3% have not been tested for COVID-19. Regarding the biosafety instructions for COVID-19, 30.7% received no training. It is necessary to immunize dental surgeons to prevent from immunilogical diseases and expansion of the testing capacity for COVID-19, especially for professionals belonging to the risk group. In addition to guaranteeing the offer of qualification courses on biosafety, which is essential for the safe resumption of activities.
Este estudo objetivou apresentar resultados preliminares de pesquisa acerca do impacto da COVID-19 na prática profissional de cirurgiões-dentistas de Pernambuco. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, cuja população foi composta por cirurgiões-dentistas com inscrição ativa no Conselho Regional de Odontologia de Pernambuco. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de formulário eletrônico e contemplou caracterização dos profissionais (sexo, idade, tempo de formado, estado civil, renda familiar e setor de atuação) e situação de saúde (esquema vacinal, presença de comorbidades, conhecimento sobre biossegurança e realização de teste para COVID-19). Os dados preliminares correspondem a primeira semana de coleta, os quais foram analisados a partir da distribuição de frequência, proporções e medida de tendência central. Dos 363 cirurgiões-dentistas, 72,5% eram do sexo feminino e 50,1% casados ou em união estável. A renda familiar de 66,1% profissionais foi igual ou superior a cinco salários mínimos e 55,9% relataram possuir especialização ou residência. Quanto ao local de atuação, 38,6% atuam tanto no setor público quanto no privado. Identificou-se comorbidades relacionadas ao agravamento da COVID-19 em 35,0% dos participantes, 24,5% não estão em dia com as vacinas de gripe e de hepatite, e 79,3% não foram testados para a COVID-19. No que diz respeito às instruções de biossegurança para COVID-19, 30,7% não receberam nenhum treinamento. Se faz necessário a imunização dos cirurgiões dentistas para doenças imunopreviníveis, ampliação da capacidade de testagem para a COVID-19, em especial aos profissionais pertencentes ao grupo de risco. Além de garantir a oferta de cursos de qualificação no tema da biossegurança, fundamental para a retomada segura das atividades.
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Objetivo: Descrever os serviços de atenção à saúde bucal para pessoas com deficiência, atendidas pela especialidade Odontologia para Pacientes com Necessidades Especiais (PNE). Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (PMAQ-CEO), 2014. Resultados: Dos 932 serviços avaliados, 89,8% contavam com atendimento a PNEs, 30,4% apresentavam acessibilidade física e 59,7% contavam com referência para atendimento hospitalar. A maioria garantia tratamento completo. São disponibilizadas 40h semanais de atendimento clínico a PNEs em 1/3 dos CEOs. Conclusão: A rede de cuidado para pessoas com deficiência encontra-se em formação e, apesar dos incentivos financeiros específicos, apresenta limitações. Os serviços precisam eliminar barreiras físicas e atitudinais para garantir acessibilidade universal. Protocolos baseados em classificação de risco são necessários, priorizando atendimento no CEO dos casos complexos, não atendidos na Atenção Básica e organizando a rede de cuidados em saúde bucal da pessoa com deficiência.
Objetivo: Describir los servicios de atención a la salud bucal para personas con discapacidad, atendidos por la especialidad Odontología para Pacientes con Necesidades Especiales (PNE). Métodos: Estudio transversal, con datos del Programa de Mejora del Acceso y Calidad de los Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (PMAC-CEO), 2014. Resultados: Se evaluaron 932 servicios: 89,8% contaba con atención a los PNEs, 30,4% tenía accesibilidad física y 59,7% tenía referencia para atención hospitalaria. La mayoría garantía tratamiento completo. Sólo 1/3 ofrecían 40hs semanales de atención PNE. Conclusión: La red de atención para personas con discapacidades se está formando, y a pesar de los incentivos financieros específicos, tiene limitaciones. Los servicios necesitan eliminar las barreras físicas y de actitud para garantizar la accesibilidad universal. Protocolos basados en clasificación de riesgo son necesarios, priorizando la atención en el CEO de los casos complejos, no atendidos en la atención básica y organizando la red de atención en salud bucal de la persona con discapacidad.
Objective: To describe the oral health care services for people with disabilities treated within the Dentistry for Patients with Special Needs (PSN) specialty. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with data from the Program for Improving Access and Quality of Dental Specialty Centers (PMAQ-CEO) in 2014. Results: Of the total of 932 services evaluated, 89.8% did provide care for PSNs, 30.4% had physical accessibility, 59.7% provided referral to hospital care and most guaranteed complete treatment. Only a third of the Dental Specialty Centers planned 40 or more hours a week for providing clinical care to PSNs. Conclusion: The care network for people with disabilities is being formed but, even with specific financial incentives, it has limitations. Services need to eliminate physical and attitudinal barriers to ensure universal accessibility. Protocols based on risk classification are necessary, prioritizing care at DSCs for complex cases not attended to in Primary Care and organizing the dental health care network for people with disabilities.
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Humanos , Salud Bucal , Atención Odontológica/estadística & datos numéricos , Personas con Discapacidad , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Clínicas Odontológicas/tendencias , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/tendenciasRESUMEN
Abstract Objective: To present the results of preliminary research on the characterization of dental surgeons in the state of Pernambuco, during a pandemic of COVID-19. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory study, whose population was composed of dental surgeons with active enrollment in the Regional Dentistry Council of Pernambuco. Data collection was performed using an electronic form and included characterization of professionals (gender, age, time since graduation, marital status, family income and field of work) and health status (vaccination schedule, presence of comorbidities, biosafety knowledge and testing for COVID-19). Preliminary data correspond to the first week of collection, which were analyzed from the frequency, proportions, and measures of central tendency distributions. Results: Of the 363 dental surgeons, for the field of work, 38.6% work in both the public and private sectors. Comorbidities related to the worsening of COVID-19 were identified in 35.0% of participants, 24.5% are not up to date with influenza and hepatitis vaccines, and 79.3% have not been tested for COVID-19. Regarding the biosafety instructions for COVID-19, 30.7% received no training. Conclusion: It is necessary to immunize dental surgeons to prevent immunological diseases and expansion of the testing capacity for COVID-19, especially for professionals belonging to the risk group. In addition to guaranteeing the offer of qualification courses on biosafety, which is essential for the safe resumption of activities.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Brasil/epidemiología , Salud Bucal/educación , Infecciones por Coronavirus/inmunología , Odontólogos , COVID-19/inmunología , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Transversales/métodos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Resumo O nexo causal entre as condições de saúde das populações e o ordenamento socioeconômico de distintas sociedades vem sendo inequivocamente demonstrado por tratar-se de um objeto cuja determinação não é exclusivamente biológica, mas também histórica e social. No Brasil, esse debate se desenha quando a saúde passa a ser apreendida como questão social, e ganha destaque no momento em que as formulações sobre desenvolvimento, subdesenvolvimento e dependência são difundidas. Este estudo - descritivo, exploratório e de natureza quantitativa - objetivou analisar as condições sociossanitárias da população que reside em um específico polo de crescimento em Pernambuco, cujas estratégias de desenvolvimento vêm sendo formuladas à luz da ideologia novo-desenvolvimentista. A análise das condições sociossanitárias foi realizada através de um conjunto de indicadores socioeconômicos e de saúde, e os valores alcançados pelo PIB e PIB per capita dessa região confirmam o expressivo crescimento econômico, embora, concomitantemente, haja crescimento da desigualdade de renda e da concentração da riqueza. Foi possível concluir que esse modelo de crescimento econômico não assegura transformações no padrão de vida da população, pelo contrário, ocasiona sérios problemas médico-sociais.
Abstract The correlation between populations' health and socioeconomic planning of different communities has undisputedly become evident, especially because its determination factors are not only biological, but also historical and social. In Brazil, this debate was set when health started to be considered a social issue and it was highlighted by the time postulations on development, underdevelopment and dependence were precisely widespread. This descriptive/exploratory study - developed with quantitative data - aims at analyzing the socio-sanitary conditions of the population that lives in a specific industrial developing center in Pernambuco, Brazil, which follows strategies that have been formulated in light of the new developmentalist ideology. We analyzed socio-sanitary conditions through a set of socioeconomic and health indicators, and this region's GDP and GDP per capita values confirm a significant economic growth, even though, at the same time, income inequality and concentration of wealth have also grown. Thus, we concluded that this economic model does not guarantee improvements on populations standard of living, but causes serious medical and social problems.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Desarrollo Económico , Estado de Salud , Salud Pública/instrumentación , Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Factores Socioeconómicos , Determinantes Sociales de la SaludRESUMEN
Abstract The aim of this article was to evaluate the influence of biological and sociobehavioral factors on the development of malocclusions in children. This is a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort of 350 children who participated in a community intervention study. After six years, an active search identified 290 children with occlusal abnormalities. Socioeconomic status, linear growth, and nutritional status of the child at birth and at the time of measurement, as well as dietary and sucking habits, were investigated. Malocclusions were evaluated across three spatial planes - anteroposterior, vertical, and transverse. The prevalence of these anomalies was 64.5%, primarily in the anteroposterior plane. The logistic regression analysis revealed that pacifier use for 60 months or more, stunting as measured at age six, and reduced gain in head circumference from birth to six years of age, were significantly associated with the development of malocclusion in childhood. Head circumference and linear growth are associated with occlusal anomalies in infants, independent of pacifier sucking.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Conducta en la Lactancia/fisiología , Desarrollo Infantil/efectos de los fármacos , Estado Nutricional/fisiología , Conducta Alimentaria/fisiología , Cabeza/crecimiento & desarrollo , Maloclusión/etiología , Factores Socioeconómicos , Factores de Tiempo , Peso al Nacer , Brasil/epidemiología , Lactancia Materna , Modelos Logísticos , Cefalometría , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , Análisis Multivariante , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Edad , Distribución por Sexo , Chupetes/efectos adversos , Succión del Dedo/efectos adversos , Maloclusión/epidemiología , Desarrollo MaxilofacialRESUMEN
Objective: To evaluate access to oral health services and associated factors in areas covered by the Family Health Strategy. Material and Methods: This is a populationbased study with a systematic random sample of 759 individuals aged ≥ 06 years of a municipality in northeastern Brazil. Data on socio-economic and demographic conditions, tooth pain severity in the last six months and issues related to access to oral health services were collected. Data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test and Poisson regression analysis, considering 5% significance level. All tests were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 18.0. Results: 61.7% of individuals had access to dental services, 53.5% of them in the public sector. Through Poisson multivariate regression, individuals more likely to have full access were students (PR: 3.085, 95% CI 1.75-5.43), adolescents (PR: 2.297, 95% CI 1.30-4.04), adults at reproductive phase (PR: 2.127, 95% CI 1.24-3.62) and those with toothache in the last six months (PR: 1.314, 95% CI 1.08-1.59). Illiterates and individuals with up to complete elementary school were associated with lower likelihood of having full access to oral health services. Conclusion: More than half of the sample had access to oral health services, being higher in the public sector than in the private sector. Having full access to oral health services was associated in the multivariate model with age, education and toothache in the last six months.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Servicios de Salud Dental , Estrategias de Salud Nacionales , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Estudios Transversales , Análisis Multivariante , Distribución de PoissonRESUMEN
Resumo Este artigo teve como objetivo elaborar um instrumento qualificador visando contribuir para o monitoramento e a avaliação do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família. Foi um estudo avaliativo exploratório desenvolvido em duas fases: a primeira, constituída pela construção e validação de face do modelo lógico e da matriz de indicadores, por meio de análise documental e da técnica de consenso grupo nominal. Essa primeira fase, por sua vez, aconteceu em dois momentos, pré e pós-reunião de consenso, nos quais se procurou validar um modelo lógico e uma matriz de indicadores que refletissem os principais elementos avaliativos do programa. A segunda fase compreendeu a construção do instrumento avaliativo. A partir do grupo de consenso, foram validados um modelo lógico e a matriz de indicadores, o que resultou em 32 indicadores, utilizados para a construção do instrumento avaliativo que se formatou por meio de questionário estruturado. Este questionário foi composto por 35 perguntas avaliativas distribuídas em 19 questões na dimensão gestão do programa; cinco na dimensão estrutura organizacional e 11 na dimensão processo pedagógico. O instrumento elaborado, baseado em protocolo aceito universalmente para esse fim, precisará ser aplicado em pesquisas futuras para completar seu processo de validação.
Abstract This paper aimed to develop a qualifying instrument to contribute to the monitoring and evaluation of the Multidisciplinary Residency Program in Family Health. It was an exploratory evaluation study carried out in two phases: the first comprising the face construction and validation of the logic model and of the indicator matrix, through document analysis and a nominal group consensus technique. The first phase, in turn, took place in two stages, before and after the consensus meeting, in which the goal was to validate a logical model and an indicators matrix that would reflect the main evaluative elements of the program. The second phase included the construction of the evaluation instrument. A logical model and the indicator matrix were validated based on the work done by the consensus groups, the outcome of which was 32 indicators used to build the evaluation instrument that was formatted through a structured questionnaire. This questionnaire consisted of 35 evaluative questions divided into 19 questions in the program management dimension; five in the organizational structure dimension, and 11 in the educational process dimension. The instrument that was prepared, based on a universally accepted protocol for this purpose, will need to be applied in future surveys for its validation process to be completed.
Resumen Este artículo tuvo como objetivo preparar un instrumento calificador apuntando a construir para el monitoreo y la evaluación del Programa de Residencia Multiprofesional en Salud de la Familia. Fue un estudio de evaluación exploratorio desarrollado en dos fases: la primera, constituida por la construcción y validación de la comprensión del modelo lógico y de la matriz de indicadores, por medio de análisis documental y de la técnica de consenso grupo nominal. Esta primera fase, a su vez, tuvo lugar en dos momentos, pre y post reunión de consenso, en los cuales se buscó validar un modelo lógico y una matriz de indicadores que reflejaran los principales elementos de evaluación del programa. La segunda fase comprendió la construcción del instrumento de evaluación. A partir del grupo de consenso, se validaron un modelo lógico y la matriz de indicadores, lo que resultó en 32 indicadores, utilizados para la construcción del instrumento de evaluación que se formató mediante cuestionario estructurado. Este cuestionario estaba compuesto por 35 preguntas de evaluación distribuidas en 19 preguntas en la dimensión gestión del programa; cinco en la dimensión estructura organizacional y 11 en la dimensión proceso pedagógico. El instrumento preparado, basado en protocolo de aceptación universal para esa finalidad, deberá ser aplicado en futuras investigaciones para completar su proceso de validación.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Política Pública , Evaluación Educacional , Indicadores (Estadística) , Capacitación de Recursos Humanos en SaludRESUMEN
Resumo A educação permanente em saúde propõe a criação de espaços coletivos com a finalidade de levar os trabalhadores da saúde à reflexão e avaliação de seus atos produzidos no cotidiano, a fim de buscar a transformação das práticas de saúde e de educação. Este artigo propôs a discussão da educação permanente com base nas ponderações feitas pelos trabalhadores da Estratégia Saúde da Família quanto aos processos de sua atividade profissional. Para isso, desenvolveu-se um estudo qualitativo, com a utilização da técnica de grupo focal. Como resultado, verificou-se que a reflexão dos profissionais de saúde sobre a realidade do próprio cotidiano de trabalho permitiu uma discussão acerca da educação permanente e, em consequência, o início de um processo de mudança de suas práticas.
Abstract Continuing education in health proposes the creation of collective spaces to lead health workers to reflect on and evaluate their actions in daily life in order to seek the transformation of health and education practices. This article proposes a discussion on continuing education based on the considerations made by the Family Health Strategy workers with regard to the processes of their professional activity. A qualitative study using the focal group technique was developed for the discussion. As a result, it was found that the health professionals' reflection about the reality of their own daily work allowed for a discussion on continuing education and, thus, the onset of a process of changing their practices.
Resumen La educación permanente en salud propone la creación de espacios colectivos con la finalidad de llevar a los trabajadores de la salud a la reflexión y evaluación de sus actos producidos en quehacer cotidiano, a fin de buscar la transformación de las prácticas de salud y de educación. Este artículo propuso la discusión de la educación permanente con base en las ponderaciones realizadas por los trabajadores de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, en cuanto a los procesos de su actividad profesional. Para ello, se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo, con utilización de la técnica de grupo focal. Como resultado, se observó que la reflexión de los profesionales de salud sobre la realidad del propio cotidiano de trabajo permitió una discusión acerca de la educación permanente y, en consecuencia, el inicio de un proceso de cambio de sus prácticas.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Práctica Profesional , Educación ContinuaRESUMEN
Objective: To identify the sociodemographic factors and the oral health conditions related to the impact on the quality of life of adolescents. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1,417 students of both sex aged 15-19 years in São Lourenço da Mata - PE, Brazil. The collected information comprised sociodemographic data (gender, age, race / color), oral health status (dental caries, periodontal disease and pain) and impact on oral health-related quality of life of adolescents through the OIDP test. Statistical analysis used the Pearson's chi-square test and multiple logistic regression, with 5% significance level. Results: High impact on oral health-related quality of life was evidenced in 66.1% of adolescents. The prevalence of dental caries, gingival bleeding and pain was respectively 51.29%, 49.60% and 73.6%. The multiple regression analysis found that the high impact on the quality of life was related to the oral health condition and sex of teenagers, showing that girls, who had higher prevalence of dental caries and pain, had greater impact related to oral health. Conclusion: Dental caries and pain of dental origin cause a high impact on the quality of life of adolescents, being higher among girls.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adolescente , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Salud Bucal , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Distribución por Edad y Sexo , Brasil , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Estudios Transversales/métodos , Modelos Logísticos , Estudios Observacionales como Asunto/métodosRESUMEN
ResumoConsiderando que os serviços de urgência odontológica compõem a rede de referência e contrarreferência, interagindo na intersecção do atendimento primário, secundário e terciário, a presente pesquisa visou descrever a interface entre a atenção primária à saúde (APS), particularmente da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, e a atenção secundária em saúde bucal, utilizando-se dos Serviços Odontológicos de Urgência (SOU), no município do Recife. Trata-se de um estudo de caso qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo. A coleta de dados se deu a partir da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foi utilizada a análise clássica do ALCESTE a partir do Dendograma de Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, permitindo compreender as expressões e cada uma das palavras pronunciadas pelos profissionais de odontologia, analisando-as a partir de seus lugares e inserções sociais. Evidenciamos uma frágil integração e pouca resolutividade entre os níveis de atenção, apresentando uma rede parcialmente desconectada. Indubitavelmente os problemas com a interface entre a atenção primária e os serviços de urgência em saúde bucal são múltiplos e complexos. As soluções individuais possuem baixa efetividade, sendo estas complexas em sua operacionalização.
AbstractConsidering that emergency dental services include the referral network and the counter-referral network, interacting at the intersection between primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare, this study aims to describe the interface between primary healthcare (APS – Atenção Primária a Saúde), particularly of the Family Health Strategy, and secondary care in oral health, using the Emergency Dental Services (SOU), in the municipality of Recife. It is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive case study. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Classical ALCESTE analysis was used based on the Descending Hierarchical Classification Dendrogram, making it possible to understand the expressions and each one of the words spoken by the dental health professionals, analyzing them using their social places and contexts as a starting point. What we found was only a fragile degree of integration, and little capacity for solution, between the levels of care – a partially disconnected network. Undoubtedly the problems with the interface between primary care and the emergency services in oral health are multiple and complex. The individual solutions have low efficacy, and are complex in their operation.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Atención Primaria de Salud , Atención Odontológica , Servicios Médicos de Urgencia , Derivación y Consulta , Brasil , Salud BucalRESUMEN
Introdução: No Brasil, a partir da década de 1990, quando foram implementadas novas modalidades contratuais flexíveis na administração pública, tem se destacado o debate sobre as relações de trabalho. Esse movimento de mudanças tem repercutido no sistema público de saúde pela tendência à instabilidade dos vínculos laborais e à desproteção social. Objetivo: Investigar o perfil profissional de cirurgiões-dentistas dos centros de especialidades odontológicas e analisar a natureza das relações de trabalho em vigor nos contratos firmados entre esses profissionais e os municípios. Metodologia:O estudo, de natureza exploratória, foi realizado a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 289 profissionais alocados em 59 centros de especialidades odontológicas das 5 macrorregiões do país, selecionados entre os 10% com melhor e pior desempenho na produção de procedimentos. Resultados:Entre os profissionais investigados, a maioria era do sexo feminino (55,0%). Quanto à qualificação profissional, 72,7% do total dos entrevistados afirmaram ter cursado ou estar cursando pós-graduação no momento da entrevista. A presença de vínculos precários e a instabilidade laboral sobressaem nas entrevistas, o que evidencia algumas distinções entre as macrorregiões do país. Conclusões:Ao ressaltar o debate sobre o conceito de trabalho precário, os autores reafirmam que essa condição se faz presente no espaço da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal implementada por estados e municípios.
Introduction: In the 1990s, flexible contractual relations were implemented in the realm of public administration in Brazil, which have led to job insecurity among health professionals working in the public sector. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the profile of dentists at Dental Specialty Centers of the Brazilian public healthcare system and to analyze the nature of work relations stipulated in contracts between dentists and municipalities. Methods: An exploratory study was carried out involving semi-structured interviews with 289 dentists at 59 Dental Specialty Centers representative of the five macro-regions of Brazil and selected among the 10% best and worst performance in the production of procedures. Results:Among the professionals surveyed, more than half were women (55.0%). As regards professional qualifications, 72.7% of total respondents said they had attended or were attending postgraduate school at the time of the interview. The most important issues raised during the interviews regarded unstable work ties and job insecurity. Moreover, differences were found among the country's macro-regions. Conclusions: The findings of the present study underscore the existence of job insecurity stemming from the Brazilian National Oral Health Policy implemented by states and municipalities.