Multi-scale mechanisms driving root regeneration: From regeneration competence to tissue repatterning.

Plants possess an outstanding capacity to regenerate enabling them to repair damages caused by suboptimal environmental conditions, biotic attacks, or mechanical damages impacting the survival of these sessile organisms. Although the extent of regeneration varies greatly between localized cell damage and whole organ recovery, the process of regeneration can be subdivided into a similar sequence of interlinked regulatory processes. That is, competence to regenerate, cell fate reprogramming, and the repatterning of the tissue. Here, using root tip regeneration as a paradigm system to study plant regeneration, we provide a synthesis of the molecular responses that underlie both regeneration competence and the repatterning of the root stump. Regarding regeneration competence, we discuss the role of wound signaling, hormone responses and synthesis, and rapid changes in gene expression observed in the cells close to the cut. Then, we consider how this rapid response is followed by the tissue repatterning phase, where cells experience cell fate changes in a spatial and temporal order to recreate the lost stem cell niche and columella. Lastly, we argue that a multi-scale modeling approach is fundamental to uncovering the mechanisms underlying root regeneration, as it allows to integrate knowledge of cell-level gene expression, cell-to-cell transport of hormones and transcription factors, and tissue-level growth dynamics to reveal how the bi-directional feedbacks between these processes enable self-organized repatterning of the root apex.

Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity Induces Progressive Changes in Myocardial Metabolism and Mitochondrial Quality Control: Novel Therapeutic Target.

Background: Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) debilitates quality of life in cancer survivors. Serial characterizations are lacking of the molecular processes occurring with AIC. Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize AIC progression in a mouse model from early (subclinical) to advanced heart failure stages, with an emphasis on cardiac metabolism and mitochondrial structure and function. Methods: CD1 mice received 5 weekly intraperitoneal doxorubicin injections (5 mg/kg) and were followed by serial echocardiography for 15 weeks. At 1, 9, and 15 weeks after the doxorubicin injections, mice underwent fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and hearts were extracted for microscopy and molecular analysis. Results: Cardiac atrophy was evident at 1 week post-doxorubicin (left ventricular [LV] mass 117 ± 26 mg vs 97 ± 25 mg at baseline and 1 week, respectively; P < 0.001). Cardiac mass nadir was observed at week 3 post-doxorubicin (79 ± 16 mg; P = 0.002 vs baseline), remaining unchanged thereafter. Histology confirmed significantly reduced cardiomyocyte area (167 ± 19 µm2 in doxorubicin-treated mice vs 211 ± 26 µm2 in controls; P = 0.004). LV ejection fraction declined from week 6 post-doxorubicin (49% ± 9% vs 61% ± 9% at baseline; P < 0.001) until the end of follow-up at 15 weeks (43% ± 8%; P < 0.001 vs baseline). At 1 week post-doxorubicin, when LV ejection fraction remained normal, reduced cardiac metabolism was evident from down-regulated markers of fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis. Metabolic impairment continued to the end of follow-up in parallel with reduced mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production. A transient early up-regulation of nutrient-sensing and mitophagy markers were observed, which was associated with mitochondrial enlargement. Later stages, when mitophagy was exhausted, were characterized by overt mitochondrial fragmentation. Conclusions: Cardiac atrophy, global hypometabolism, early transient-enhanced mitophagy, biogenesis, and nutrient sensing constitute candidate targets for AIC prevention.

New avenues for potentially seeking microbial responses to climate change beneath Antarctic ice shelves.

The signs of climate change are undeniable, and the impact of these changes on ecosystem function heavily depends on the response of microbes that underpin the food web. Antarctic ice shelf is a massive mass of floating ice that extends from the continent into the ocean, exerting a profound influence on global carbon cycles. Beneath Antarctic ice shelves, marine ice stores valuable genetic information, where marine microbial communities before the industrial revolution are archived. Here, in this proof-of-concept, by employing a combination of single-cell technologiesand metagenomics, we have been able to sequence frozen microbial DNA (≈300 years old) stored in the marine ice core B15 collected from the Filchnner-Ronne Ice Shelf. Metagenomic data indicated that Proteobacteria and Thaumarchaeota (e.g., Nitrosopumilus spp.), followed by Actinobacteria (e.g., Actinomarinales), were abundant. Remarkably, our data allow us to "travel to the past" and calibrate genomic and genetic evolutionary changes for ecologically relevant microbes and functions, such as Nitrosopumilus spp., preserved in the marine ice (≈300 years old) with those collected recently in seawater under an ice shelf (year 2017). The evolutionary divergence for the ammonia monooxygenase gene amoA involved in chemolithoautotrophy was about 0.88 amino acid and 2.8 nucleotide substitution rate per 100 sites in a century, while the accumulated rate of genomic SNPs was 2,467 per 1 Mb of genome and 100 years. Whether these evolutionary changes remained constant over the last 300 years or accelerated during post-industrial periods remains an open question that will be further elucidated. IMPORTANCE: Several efforts have been undertaken to predict the response of microbes under climate change, mainly based on short-term microcosm experiments under forced conditions. A common concern is that manipulative experiments cannot properly simulate the response of microbes to climate change, which is a long-term evolutionary process. In this proof-of-concept study with a limited sample size, we demonstrate a novel approach yet to be fully explored in science for accessing genetic information from putative past marine microbes preserved under Antarctic ice shelves before the industrial revolution. This potentially allows us estimating evolutionary changes as exemplified in our study. We advocate for gathering a more comprehensive Antarctic marine ice core data sets across various periods and sites. Such a data set would enable the establishment of a robust baseline, facilitating a better assessment of the potential effects of climate change on key genetic signatures of microbes.

Oxidative Post-translational Protein Modifications upon Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

While reperfusion, or restoration of coronary blood flow in acute myocardial infarction, is a requisite for myocardial salvage, it can paradoxically induce a specific damage known as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our understanding of the precise pathophysiological molecular alterations leading to I/R remains limited. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive and unbiased time-course analysis of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the post-reperfused myocardium of two different animal models (pig and mouse) and evaluated the effect of two different cardioprotective therapies (ischemic preconditioning and neutrophil depletion). In pigs, a first wave of irreversible oxidative damage was observed at the earliest reperfusion time (20 min), impacting proteins essential for cardiac contraction. A second wave, characterized by irreversible oxidation on different residues and reversible Cys oxidation, occurred at late stages (6-12 h), affecting mitochondrial, sarcomere, and inflammation-related proteins. Ischemic preconditioning mitigated the I/R damage caused by the late oxidative wave. In the mouse model, the two-phase pattern of oxidative damage was replicated, and neutrophil depletion mitigated the late wave of I/R-related damage by preventing both Cys reversible oxidation and irreversible oxidation. Altogether, these data identify protein PTMs occurring late after reperfusion as an actionable therapeutic target to reduce the impact of I/R injury.

Evaluation of the effect of physical and chemical factors in the recovery of Cu, Pb and Fe from waste PCB through acid leaching.

Electronic waste recycling is a strategy that contributes to implement a circular economy model which include reuse, component and raw material recovery and minimum final deposition. Given the importance of reincorporating the components of electronic devices into the productive chain and a correct recovery for some hazardous metals such as lead contained in such residues. This study is focused on the effect of maximum available content (MAC) of metal, sulfuric acid initial concentration, agitation velocity, and oxidising agent on the recovery of copper, lead and iron from electronic waste through acid leaching. A solid-state characterization before and after treatment and electrochemical analysis was carried out to analyse MCA effects and surface chemistry. It was found that sub-millimetric particles show a better available extraction percentage in case of copper and iron, being opposite for lead. Presence of hydrogen peroxide enhance the extraction efficiency, however, this cause iron and lead precipitation, therefore it is inefficient for metals recovery as well as for reagent consumption. The presence of calcium salts reacts producing gypsum, which reduces the extraction yield of copper at particle size below 250 µm.

Parenteral Nutrition: Current Use, Complications, and Nutrition Delivery in Critically Ill Patients.

BACKGROUND: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is needed to avoid the development of malnutrition when enteral nutrition (EN) is not possible. Our main aim was to assess the current use, complications, and nutrition delivery associated with PN administration in adult critically ill patients, especially when used early and as the initial route. We also assessed the differences between patients who received only PN and those in whom EN was initiated after PN (PN-EN). METHODS: A multicenter (n = 37) prospective observational study was performed. Patient clinical characteristics, outcomes, and nutrition-related variables were recorded. Statistical differences between subgroups were analyzed accordingly. RESULTS: From the entire population (n = 629), 186 (29.6%) patients received PN as initial nutrition therapy. Of these, 74 patients (11.7%) also received EN during their ICU stay (i.e., PN-EN subgroup). PN was administered early (<48 h) in the majority of patients (75.3%; n = 140) and the mean caloric (19.94 ± 6.72 Kcal/kg/day) and protein (1.01 ± 0.41 g/kg/day) delivery was similar to other contemporary studies. PN showed similar nutritional delivery when compared with the enteral route. No significant complications were associated with the use of PN. Thirty-two patients (43.3%) presented with EN-related complications in the PN-EN subgroup but received a higher mean protein delivery (0.95 ± 0.43 vs 1.17 ± 0.36 g/kg/day; p = 0.03) compared with PN alone. Once adjusted for confounding factors, patients who received PN alone had a lower mean protein intake (hazard ratio (HR): 0.29; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18-0.47; p = 0.001), shorter ICU stay (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.91-0.99; p = 0.008), and fewer days on mechanical ventilation (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.81-0.89; p = 0.001) compared with the PN-EN subgroup. CONCLUSION: The parenteral route may be safe, even when administered early, and may provide adequate nutrition delivery. Additional EN, when possible, may optimize protein requirements, especially in more severe patients who received initial PN and are expected to have longer ICU stays. NCT Registry: 03634943.

Consulta enfermera de Educación Terapéutica en asma grave / Outpatient nurse clinic on Therapeutic Education for severe asthma

La enfermera de la Unidad de Alergología del Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda (Madrid) propuso al equipo crear una consulta monográfica de educación en asma dada la alta prevalencia, consiguiendo el consenso del equipo interdisciplinar, y la acreditación de la Sociedad Española de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica. El proyecto de creación de la nueva consulta surgió al finalizar la pandemia de COVID-19, debido a la necesidad de mejorar la educación y el seguimiento de estos pacientes crónicos para reducir las recidivas. La Consulta de Educación en Asma Grave se puso en marcha en marzo de 2022. La educación terapéutica, como proceso continuo de cuidados centrado en el paciente, es una de las claves para mejorar el control de la enfermedad y la calidad de vida del paciente-familia. La enfermera es el profesional esencial que interviene en todos los procesos asistenciales, que puede conseguir promover el empoderamiento del paciente frente a su enfermedad, así como su rol activo en autocuidados. (AU)

The nurses from the Allergology Unit of the Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda (Madrid) put forward to the team the idea of creating a specialized outpatient clinic on asthma education, given its high prevalence, and obtained consensus by the interdisciplinary team and accreditation by the Spanish Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. The project for creating this new outpatient clinic came up at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the need to improve the education and follow-up of these chronic patients in order to reduce relapses. The Outpatient Clinic for Education on Severe Asthma was launched in March 2022. Therapeutic education, as an ongoing process of patient-centred care, is one of the keys to improve disease control and the quality of life of patients and their families. The nurse is the key professional involved in all processes of care, who can achieve the promotion of patient empowerment regarding their disease, as well as an active role in self-care. (AU)

Liderazgos comunitarios de mujeres y expresiones de la incidencia política en la subregión de Urabá

Los liderazgos comunitarios son expresiones de incidencia política en sí misma. Este artículo propone reconocer los liderazgos comunitarios de mujeres de la Red Juntas Somos Más, sus logros y expresiones de incidencia política en la subregión de Urabá. Adoptamos un enfoque cualitativo y paradigma socio-crítico, que permite develar las estructuras del orden social sobre las que se ponen en riesgo las garantías de los derechos. Se realizaron entrevistas, grupos focales y talleres. En los principales hallazgos tenemos la caracterización de las mujeres lideresas de la Red, las expresiones sobre incidencia política, la relación contradictoria con el Estado, la reivindicación por lo cotidiano y la búsqueda por lo común.

Community leadership is an expression of advocacy in itself. This article proposes to recognize women's community leadership of the Juntas Somos Más Network, their achievements, and expressions of advocacy in the Urabá subregion. A qualitative approach and socio-critical paradigm was adopted, which allows us to unveil the structures of the social order on which the guarantees of rights are put at risk. Interviews, focus groups and workshops were conducted. The main findings include the characterization of the women leaders of the Network, the expressions on advocacy, the contradictory relationship with the State, the vindication for the daily life, and the search for the common.

Recomendaciones de no hacer en distintos ámbitos de la atención pediátrica / Do not do recommendations in different paediatric care settings

Introducción: Muchas son las iniciativas encaminadas a eliminar intervenciones clínicas de poco valor en la asistencia sanitaria. Desde el Comité de Calidad Asistencial y Seguridad del Paciente de la Asociación Española de Pediatría, se ha propuesto la elaboración de recomendaciones de «no hacer» (RNH) con el objetivo de señalar una serie de prácticas evitables en la atención del paciente pediátrico en atención primaria, urgencias, hospitalización y domicilio. Material y métodos: Este trabajo se desarrolló en 2fases: una primera en la que se propusieron posibles RNH y una segunda en la que se consensuaron las recomendaciones finales mediante el método Delphi. Tanto las propuestas como las evaluaciones partieron de miembros de los grupos y sociedades pediátricas a los que se les realizó la propuesta, coordinados por miembros del Comité de Calidad Asistencial y Seguridad del Paciente. Resultados: Fueron propuestas un total de 164 RNH por la Sociedad Española de Neonatología, la Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria, la Sociedad Española de Urgencias de Pediatría, la Sociedad Española de Pediatría Interna Hospitalaria y el Comité de Medicamentos de la Asociación Española de Pediatría con el Grupo Español de Farmacia Pediátrica de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria. Se logró reducir el conjunto inicial a 42 RNH y en sucesivas fases se llegó a la selección final de 25 RNH, 5 RNH por cada grupo o sociedad. Conclusiones: Este proyecto ha permitido seleccionar y consensuar una serie de recomendaciones para evitar prácticas inseguras, ineficientes o de escaso valor en distintos ámbitos de la atención pediátrica, lo que podría resultar útil para mejorar la seguridad y la calidad de nuestra actividad asistencial. (AU)

Introduction: There are many initiatives aimed at eliminating health care interventions of limited utility in clinical practice. The Committee on Care Quality and Patient Safety of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics has proposed the development of «do not do» recommendations (DNDRs) to establish a series of practices to be avoided in the care of paediatric patients in primary, emergency, inpatient and home-based care. Material and methods: The project was carried out in 2 phases: a first phase in which possible DNDRs were proposed, and a second in which the final recommendations were established by consensus using the Delphi method. Recommendations were proposed and evaluated by members of the professional groups and paediatrics societies invited to participate in the project under the coordination of members of the Committee on Care Quality and Patient Safety. Results: A total of 164 DNDRs were proposed by the Spanish Society of Neonatology, the Spanish Association of Primary Care Paediatrics, the Spanish Society of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, the Spanish Society of Internal Hospital Paediatrics and the Medicines Committee of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics and the Spanish Group of Paediatric Pharmacy of the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy. The initial set was limited to 42 DNDRs, and the selection over successive rounds yielded a final set of 25 DNDRs, with 5 DNDRs for each paediatrics group or society. Conclusions: This project allowed the selection and establishment by consensus of a series of recommendations to avoid unsafe, inefficient or low-value practices in different areas of paediatric care, which may contribute to improving the safety and quality of paediatric clinical practice. (AU)

Variations in clinical course and surgical outcomes of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 Pandemic: a multicenter cohort study.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in the presentation and treatment of surgical pathologies. Therefore, we aim to describe the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical presentation and management of acute appendicitis (AAp) and its surgical outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter cohort study with prospectively collected databases. Three high-volume centers were included and all patients over 18 years of age who underwent appendectomy for AAp were included. Multiple logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression were performed, and odds ratio, relative risk, and B-coefficient were reported when appropriate, statistical significance was reached with p-values < 0.05. RESULTS: 1.468 patients were included (709 in the pre-pandemic group and 759 in the COVID-19 group). Female patients constituted 51.84%. Mean age was 38.13 ± 16.96 years. Mean Alvarado's score was 7.01 ± 1.59 points. Open surgical approach was preferred in 90.12%. Conversion rate of 1.29%. Mortality rate was 0.75%. There was an increase of perforated and localized peritonitis (p 0.01) in the COVID-19 group. Presence of any postoperative complication (p 0.00), requirement of right colectomy and ileostomy (p 0.00), and mortality (p 0.04) were higher in the COVID-19 group. Patients in the pre-pandemic group have a lesser risk of mortality (OR 0.14, p 0.02, 95% CI 0.02-0.81) and a lesser relative risk of having complicated appendicitis (RR 0.68, p 0.00, 95% CI 0.54-0.86). CONCLUSION: Complicated appendicitis was an unexpected consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, due to surgical consultation delay, increased rates of morbidity, associated procedures, and mortality, influencing the clinical course and surgical outcomes of patients with AAp.

Do not do recommendations in different paediatric care settings.

INTRODUCTION: There are many initiatives aimed at eliminating health care interventions of limited utility in clinical practice. The Committee on Care Quality and Patient Safety of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics (AEP) has proposed the development of "DO NOT DO" recommendations (DNDRs) to establish a series of practices to be avoided in the care of paediatric patients in primary, emergency, inpatient and home-based care. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The project was carried out in 2 phases: a first phase in which possible DNDRs were proposed, and a second in which the final recommendations were established by consensus using the Delphi method. Recommendations were proposed and evaluated by members of the professional groups and paediatrics societies invited to participate in the project under the coordination of members of the Committee on Care Quality and Patient Safety. RESULTS: A total of 164 DNDRs were proposed by the Spanish Society of Neonatology, the Spanish Association of Primary Care Paediatrics, the Spanish Society of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, the Spanish Society of Internal Hospital Paediatrics and the Medicines Committee of the AEP and the Spanish Group of Paediatric Pharmacy of the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy. The initial set was limited to 42 DNDRs, and the selection over successive rounds yielded a final set of 25 DNDRs, with 5 DNDRs for each paediatrics group or society. CONCLUSIONS: This project allowed the selection and establishment by consensus of a series of recommendations to avoid unsafe, inefficient or low-value practices in different areas of paediatric care, which may contribute to improving the safety and quality of paediatric clinical practice.

Neutrophil ß1 adrenoceptor blockade blunts stroke-associated neuroinflammation.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Reperfusion therapy is the standard of care for ischaemic stroke; however, there is a need to identify new therapeutic targets able to ameliorate cerebral damage. Neutrophil ß1 adrenoceptors (ß1AR) have been linked to neutrophil migration during exacerbated inflammation. Given the central role of neutrophils in cerebral damage during stroke, we hypothesize that ß1AR blockade will improve stroke outcomes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion to evaluate the effect on stroke of the selective ß1AR blocker metoprolol (12.5 mg·kg-1 ) when injected i.v. 10 min before reperfusion. KEY RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology analysis showed that pre-reperfusion i.v. metoprolol reduced infarct size. This effect was accompanied by reduced cytotoxic oedema at 24 h and vasogenic oedema at 7 days. Metoprolol-treated rats showed reduced brain neutrophil infiltration and those which infiltrated displayed a high proportion of anti-inflammatory phenotype (N2, YM1+ ). Additional inflammatory models demonstrated that metoprolol specifically blocked neutrophil migration via ß1AR and excluded a significant effect on the glia compartment. Consistently, metoprolol did not protect the brain in neutrophil-depleted rats upon stroke. In patients suffering an ischaemic stroke, ß1AR blockade by metoprolol reduced circulating neutrophil-platelet co-aggregates. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Our findings describe that ß1AR blockade ameliorates cerebral damage by targeting neutrophils, identifying a novel therapeutic target to improve outcomes in patients with stroke. This therapeutic strategy is in the earliest stages of the translational pathway and should be further explored.

Sialolitiasis, sialoadenitis y sialoadenosis. Revisión de literatura y reporte de un caso clínico / Sialolithiasis, sialadenitis and sialadenosis. Review of literature and report of a clinical case

Introducción: la formación de sialolitos se considera la alteración más común en las glándulas salivales. Su origen aún no es claro en cuanto a qué provoca la obstrucción parcial o total del sistema de conductos salivales, con una predilección significativa en las glán - dulas submandibulares, lo que permite un desplazamiento retrógrado de bacterias a través del conducto salival hacia la glándula afectada, el cual se traducirá clínicamente como inflamación unilateral o bila - teral. El tratamiento para la sialolitiasis y sialoadenitis puede variar desde un manejo conservador hasta tratamientos que implican la remoción de la glándula salival afectada. La sialoadenosis difiere de las anteriores en su origen, ya que ésta no se considera inflamatoria ni neoplásica y no afecta la función glandular de excretar saliva. Presentación de caso clínico: se trata de paciente masculino con diagnósticos presuntivos de sialoadenitis y sialolitiasis, al cual se le realizó biopsia escisional de la glándula afectada, su estudio histo- patológico corroboró los diagnósticos mencionados anteriormente que además confirmó un diagnóstico de sialoadenosis. Conclusio- nes: la escisión de la glándula salival involucrada se realizará en casos diagnosticados de sialoadenitis y sialolitiasis con sialolitos de gran tamaño y procesos supurativos crónicos que no resuelven con antibioticoterapia (AU)

Beta-3 adrenergic receptor overexpression reverses aortic stenosis-induced heart failure and restores balanced mitochondrial dynamics.

Aortic stenosis (AS) is associated with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). There is a lack of therapies able to prevent/revert AS-induced HF. Beta3 adrenergic receptor (ß3AR) signaling is beneficial in several forms of HF. Here, we studied the potential beneficial effect of ß3AR overexpression on AS-induced HF. Selective ß3AR stimulation had a positive inotropic effect. Transgenic mice constitutively overexpressing human ß3AR in the heart (c-hß3tg) were protected from the development of HF in response to induced AS, and against cardiomyocyte mitochondrial dysfunction (fragmented mitochondria with remodeled cristae and metabolic reprogramming featuring altered substrate use). Similar beneficial effects were observed in wild-type mice inoculated with adeno-associated virus (AAV9) inducing cardiac-specific overexpression of human ß3AR before AS induction. Moreover, AAV9-hß3AR injection into wild-type mice at late disease stages, when cardiac hypertrophy and metabolic reprogramming are already advanced, reversed the HF phenotype and restored balanced mitochondrial dynamics, demonstrating the potential of gene-therapy-mediated ß3AR overexpression in AS. Mice with cardiac specific ablation of Yme1l (cYKO), characterized by fragmented mitochondria, showed an increased mortality upon AS challenge. AAV9-hß3AR injection in these mice before AS induction reverted the fragmented mitochondria phenotype and rescued them from death. In conclusion, our results step out that ß3AR overexpression might have translational potential as a therapeutic strategy in AS-induced HF.

Elbow Extensor Muscles in Humans and Chimpanzees: Adaptations to Different Uses of the Upper Extremity in Hominoid Primates.

The anatomical and functional characteristics of the elbow extensor muscles (triceps brachii and anconeus) have not been widely studied in non-human hominoid primates, despite their great functional importance. In the present study, we have analyzed the muscle architecture and the expression of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms in the elbow extensors in humans and chimpanzees. Our main objective was to identify differences in these muscles that could be related to the different uses of the upper extremity in the two species. In five humans and five chimpanzees, we have analyzed muscle mass (MM), muscle fascicle length (MFL), and the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA). In addition, we have assessed the expression of the MHC isoforms by RT-PCR. We have found high MM and PCSA values and higher expression of the MHC-IIx isoform in the triceps brachii of chimpanzees, while in humans, the triceps brachii has high MFL values and a higher expression of the MHC-I and MHC-IIa isoforms. In contrast, there were no significant differences between humans and chimpanzees in any of the values for the anconeus. These findings could be related to the participation of the triceps brachii in the locomotion of chimpanzees and to the use of the upper extremity in manipulative functions in humans. The results obtained in the anconeus support its primary function as a stabilizer of the elbow joint in the two species.

A mutation in THREONINE SYNTHASE 1 uncouples proliferation and transition domains of the root apical meristem: experimental evidence and in silico proposed mechanism.

A continuum from stem to transit-amplifying to a differentiated cell state is a common theme in multicellular organisms. In the plant root apical meristem (RAM), transit-amplifying cells are organized into two domains: cells from the proliferation domain (PD) are displaced to the transition domain (TD), suggesting that both domains are necessarily coupled. Here, we show that in the Arabidopsis thaliana mto2-2 mutant, in which threonine (Thr) synthesis is affected, the RAM lacks the PD. Through a combination of cell length profile analysis, mathematical modeling and molecular markers, we establish that the PD and TD can be uncoupled. Remarkably, although the RAM of mto2-2 is represented solely by the TD, the known factors of RAM maintenance and auxin signaling are expressed in the mutant. Mathematical modeling predicts that the stem cell niche depends on Thr metabolism and that, when disturbed, the normal continuum of cell states becomes aborted.

Reproducibility and implementation of a rapid, community-based COVID-19 "test and respond" model in low-income, majority-Latino communities in Northern California.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate implementation of a community-engaged approach to scale up COVID-19 mass testing in low-income, majority-Latino communities. METHODS: In January 2021, we formed a community-academic "Latino COVID-19 Collaborative" with residents, leaders, and community-based organizations (CBOs) from majority-Latinx, low-income communities in three California counties (Marin/Merced/San Francisco). The collaborative met monthly to discuss barriers/facilitators for COVID-19 testing, and plan mass testing events informed by San Francisco's Unidos en Salud "test and respond" model, offering community-based COVID-19 testing and post-test support in two US-census tracts: Canal (Marin) and Planada (Merced). We evaluated implementation using the RE-AIM framework. To further assess testing barriers, we surveyed a random sample of residents who did not attend the events. RESULTS: Fifty-five residents and CBO staff participated in the Latino collaborative. Leading facilitators identified to increase testing were extended hours of community-based testing and financial support during isolation. In March-April 2021, 1,217 people attended mass-testing events over 13 days: COVID-19 positivity was 3% and 1% in Canal and Planada, respectively. The RE-AIM evaluation found: census tract testing coverage of 4.2% and 6.3%, respectively; 90% of event attendees were Latino, 89% had household income <$50,000/year, and 44% first-time testers (reach), effectiveness in diagnosing symptomatic cases early (median isolation time: 7 days) and asymptomatic COVID-19 (41% at diagnosis), high adoption by CBOs in both counties, implementation of rapid testing (median: 17.5 minutes) and disclosure, and post-event maintenance of community-based testing. Among 265 non-attendees surveyed, 114 (43%) reported they were aware of the event: reasons for non-attendance among the 114 were insufficient time (32%), inability to leave work (24%), and perceptions that testing was unnecessary post-vaccination (24%) or when asymptomatic (25%). CONCLUSION: Community-engaged mass "test and respond" events offer a reproducible approach to rapidly increase COVID-19 testing access in low-income, Latinx communities.

Tumor fibroso solitario intrapulmonar de patrón adenofibromatoso: un reporte de caso / Solitary intrapulmonary fibrous tumor with an adenofibromatous pattern: A case report

El tumor fibroso solitario es una neoplasia de origen mesenquimal que suele darse en la pleura y que normalmente tiene un curso benigno. La localización intrapulmonar es rara y aún más raro es el patrón adenofibromatoso. Presentamos un caso de un tumor fibroso solitario intrapulmonar con características adenofibromatosas en un paciente con antecedente de adenocarcinoma de próstata. El tumor mostró características inmunohistoquímicas de positividad para STAT6, CD34 y Bcl-2.(AU)

Solitary fibrous tumor is a neoplasm of mesenchymal origin that generally occurs in the pleura and is usually benign. An intrapulmonary location is rare and the adenofibromatous pattern is even more infrequent. We present a case of a solitary intrapulmonary fibrous tumor with adenofibromatous characteristics in a patient with a history of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was positive for STAT6, CD34 and Bcl-2.(AU)

[Solitary intrapulmonary fibrous tumor with an adenofibromatous pattern: A case report]. / Tumor fibroso solitario intrapulmonar de patrón adenofibromatoso: un reporte de caso.

Solitary fibrous tumor is a neoplasm of mesenchymal origin that generally occurs in the pleura and is usually benign. An intrapulmonary location is rare and the adenofibromatous pattern is even more infrequent. We present a case of a solitary intrapulmonary fibrous tumor with adenofibromatous characteristics in a patient with a history of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was positive for STAT6, CD34 and Bcl-2.

Textiles Functionalized with Copper Oxides: A Sustainable Option for Prevention of COVID-19.

COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent severe problems in health centers and public areas. Polyester/cotton (PES/CO) blend fabrics have been functionalized with copper oxides on an industrial scale. For functionalization, the impregnation dyeing technique was applied. The functionalized samples were tested virologically against SARS-CoV-2 and human coronavirus (229E) according to ISO 18184-2019 and microbiologically against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) bacteria according to ASTM E2149-2013. The results show that the fabric functionalized with copper oxides inactivated both viruses after 30 min of exposure, presenting excellent virucidal activity against 229E and SARS-CoV-2, respectively. Furthermore, its inactivation efficiency for SARS-CoV-2 was 99.93% and 99.96% in 30 min and 60 min exposure, respectively. The fabric inhibited bacterial growth by more than 99% before and after 10 and 20 washes. In conclusion, 265 m of PES/CO fabric (wide 1.7 m) was functionalized in situ on an industrial scale with copper oxide nanoparticles. The functionalized fabric presented virucidal and bactericidal properties against SARS-CoV-2 and Escherichia coli.