Effect of Chronic Tibolone Administration on Memory and Choline Acetyltransferase and Tryptophan Hydroxylase Content in Aging Mice.

Gonadal steroids exert different effects on the central nervous system (CNS), such as preserving neuronal function and promoting neuronal survival. Estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone reduce neuronal loss in the CNS in animal models of neurodegeneration. However, hormone replacement therapy has been associated with higher rates of endometrial, prostate, and breast cancer. Tibolone (TIB), the metabolites of which show estrogenic and progestogenic effects, is an alternative to reduce this risk. However, the impact of TIB on memory and learning, as well as on choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) levels in the hippocampus of aging males, is unknown. We administered TIB to aged C57BL/6J male mice at different doses (0.01 or 1.0 mg/kg per day for 12 weeks) and evaluated its effects on memory and learning and the content of ChAT and TPH. We assessed memory and learning with object recognition and elevated T-maze tasks. Additionally, we determined ChAT and TPH protein levels in the hippocampus by Western blotting. TIB administration increased the percentage of time spent on the novel object in the object recognition task. In addition, the latency of leaving the enclosed arm increased in both TIB groups, suggesting an improvement in fear-based learning. We also observed decreased ChAT content in the group treated with the 0.01 mg/kg TIB dose. In the case of TPH, no changes were observed with either TIB dose. These results show that long-term TIB administration improves memory without affecting locomotor activity and modulates cholinergic but not serotonergic systems in the hippocampus of aged male mice.

Real-world dosing patterns of regorafenib for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in Spain: the RE-SEARCH study.

PURPOSE: To describe the dosing patterns of regorafenib in a real-world population of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in a routine clinical practice setting in Spain, focusing on the starting dose of regorafenib. METHODS: An observational, retrospective, multicenter study that included patients ≥ 18 years old who had histologically documented mCRC and who had initiated treatment with regorafenib since January 2017. Post hoc categorization of dosing patterns revealed the following: initial dose < 160 mg and dose escalation, initial dose < 160 mg and maintenance, initial dose equal to 160 mg and maintenance, and initial dose equal to 160 mg and dose reduction. RESULTS: Most patients (152/241, 63.8%) initiated treatment with regorafenib at doses < 160 mg. There was large variation in the starting dose of regorafenib over time: in 2017, most patients (59%) initiated regorafenib at a dose of 160 mg, this proportion decreased to 6% in 2021. There were no significant differences in the median progression-free survival according to the regorafenib dose patterns during the first two cycles. The proportion of patients who reported at least one adverse event (AE), had a grade 3-4 AE or had an AE leading to dose reduction was greater in the group of patients who received an initial dose equal to 160 and reduction. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that physicians in Spain have gradually adopted a dose-escalation approach during cycle 1, which is a common practice for starting treatment with a reduced dose (< 160 mg/day), a strategy that seems to improve tolerability while maintaining efficacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.

Anti-Diabetic Activity of Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives FC-114 and FC-122: Scale-Up, In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Studies.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common diseases and the 8th leading cause of death worldwide. Individuals with T2D are at risk for several health complications that reduce their life expectancy and quality of life. Although several drugs for treating T2D are currently available, many of them have reported side effects ranging from mild to severe. In this work, we present the synthesis in a gram-scale as well as the in silico and in vitro activity of two semisynthetic glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) derivatives (namely FC-114 and FC-122) against Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase enzymes. Furthermore, the in vitro cytotoxicity assay on Human Foreskin fibroblast and the in vivo acute oral toxicity was also conducted. The anti-diabetic activity was determined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after oral administration with FC-114 or FC-122. Results showed that both GA derivatives have potent PTP1B inhibitory activity being FC-122, a dual PTP1B/α-glucosidase inhibitor that could increase insulin sensitivity and reduce intestinal glucose absorption. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and enzymatic kinetics studies revealed the inhibition mechanism of FC-122 against α-glucosidase. Both GA derivatives were safe and showed better anti-diabetic activity in vivo than the reference drug acarbose. Moreover, FC-114 improves insulin levels while decreasing LDL and total cholesterol levels without decreasing HDL cholesterol.

Ecological-niche modeling reveals current opportunities for Agave dryland farming in Sonora, Mexico and Arizona, USA.

For centuries, humans occupying arid regions of North America have maintained an intricate relationship with Agave (Agavoideae, Asparagaceae). Today Agave cultivation, primarily for beverage production, provides an economic engine for rural communities throughout Mexico. Among known dryland-farming methods, the use of rock piles and cattle-grazed areas stand out as promising approaches for Agave cultivation. Identifying new cultivation areas to apply these approaches in Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico warrants a geographic assessment of areas outside the known ranges of rock piles and grasslands. The objective of this study was to predict areas for dryland-farming of Agave and develop models to identify potential areas for Agave cultivation. We used maximum entropy (MaxEnt) ecological-niche-modeling algorithms to predict suitable areas for Agave dryland farming. The model was parameterized using occurrence records of Hohokam rock piles in Arizona and grassland fields cultivated with Agave in Sonora. Ten environmental-predictor variables were used in the model, downloaded from the WorldClim 2 climate database. The model identified potential locations for using rock piles as dryland-farming methods from south-central Arizona to northwestern Sonora. The Agave-grassland model indicated that regions from central to southern Sonora have the highest potential for cultivation of Agave, particularly for the species Agave angustifolia. Results suggest that there are many suitable areas where rock piles can be used to cultivate Agave in the Sonoran Desert, particularly in the border of southeastern Arizona and northwest Sonora. Likewise, cattle-grazing grasslands provide a viable environment for cultivating Agave in southern Sonora, where the expanding bacanora-beverage industry continues to grow and where different Agave products (e.g., syrups, fructans, saponins, and medicinal compounds) can potentially strengthen local economies.

Perpendicular duodenum jejunum anastomosis for conventional postoperative endoscopic access in biliodigestive diversions in Roux in Y.

BACKGROUND: Cholecystectomy is one of the most performed abdominal surgical procedures, with approximately 1.5 million procedures performed annually in the United States of america. Most of the biliary duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy are due to a wrong perception of the anatomy. Two thirds of postsurgical stenosis develop within two and three years after repairing and the other third in the following ten years. OBJECTIVE: To show the adequacy for postoperative endoscopic access in Roux-in-Y biliodigestive diversions. METHOD: The best technique to repair biliary duct injuries is the Roux-in-Y hepaticojejunostomy or choledochojejunostomy, from this procedure we propose a surgical technique that consists to perform a perpendicular anastomosis between the defunctionalized jejunum loop and the duodenum for later endoscopic access of the Roux-en-Y biliodigestive diversion. RESULTS: The duodenal-jejunal perpendicular anastomosis procedure was performed in four patients with Roux-Y biliodigestive diversion. CONCLUSIONS: With the technique that is proposed, we have that advantage of keeping the anastomosis permanently open due to its rhomboidal design and because of the pylorus is kept intact alkaline reflux would not be a problem.

ANTECEDENTES: La colecistectomía es una de las cirugías más frecuentes, con aproximadamente 1.2 millones de procedimientos realizados anualmente solo en los Estados Unidos de América. La mayoría de las disrupciones biliares durante la colecistectomía laparoscópica se deben a una percepción errónea de la anatomía. Dos tercios de las estenosis posquirúrgicas se desarrollan 2-3 años después de la reparación y el otro tercio en los 10 años siguientes. OBJETIVO: Mostrar la adecuación para un acceso endoscópico posoperatorio en las derivaciones biliodigestivas en Y de Roux. MÉTODO: La mejor técnica quirúrgica reportada para la reparación de las disrupciones biliares es la anastomosis hepático-yeyuno o anastomosis colédoco-yeyuno en Y de Roux. Partiendo de este procedimiento, la variante quirúrgica que proponemos consiste en realizar una anastomosis perpendicular entre el asa desfuncionalizada de yeyuno y el duodeno para el posterior acceso endoscópico de la derivación biliodigestiva en Y de Roux. RESULTADOS: Se realizó el procedimiento en cuatro pacientes con derivación biliodigestiva en Y de Roux. CONCLUSIONES: El procedimiento que proponemos tiene la ventaja de mantener abierta la anastomosis debido a su diseño romboidal, y como el píloro se encuentra indemne, el reflujo gástrico alcalino no sería ningún problema.

Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con sepsis de la unidad de terapia intensiva adultos del Hospital Regional de Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay

RESUMEN Introducción: la sepsis es una de las principales causas de ingreso a las unidades de terapia intensiva, siendo la principal causa de muerte no cardiológica. Además de su elevada mortalidad, es una enfermedad que causa secuelas cognitivas y compromete la sobrevida a largo plazo. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con sepsis de la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Adultos del Hospital Regional de Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay, en periodo 2016-2019. Metodología: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal donde se incluyó a 349 pacientes con diagnóstico de sepsis internados en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Adultos del Hospital Regional de Coronel Oviedo de enero 2016 a diciembre 2019. Los datos se expresan en frecuencias, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Se respetaron los aspectos éticos. Resultados: la franja estaría estuvo comprendida de 16 a 89 años (52 ± 19 años). El 52,4% fue del sexo femenino y 50,1% provino de la zona rural. El 46,4% ingresó con el diagnóstico de sepsis y en 29,2% el foco de origen fue pulmonar. El 54,1% tuvo falla multiorgánica, 71,1% requirió asistencia respiratoria mecánica y 52,4% obitó. Conclusión: el foco séptico más frecuente fue el de origen pulmonar. Más de la mitad desarrolló falla multiorgánica presentándose falla respiratoria y cardiovascular con mayor frecuencia. La mortalidad fue 52,4%.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sepsis is one of the main causes of admission to intensive care units, being the main cause of non-cardiac death. In addition to its high mortality, it is a disease that causes cognitive sequelae and compromises long-term survival. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with sepsis of the Adult Intensive Care Unit of the Regional Hospital of Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay, in the period 2016-2019. Methodology: An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in which 349 patients with a diagnosis of sepsis admitted to the Adult Intensive Care Unit of the Regional Hospital of Coronel Oviedo were included from January 2016 to December 2019. The data were expressed in frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion. Ethical aspects were respected. Results: The age range was between 16 to 89 years (52±19 years), 52.4% were female and 50.1% came from rural areas; 46.4% were admitted with the diagnosis of sepsis and in 29.2% the source was from pulmonary origin while 54.1% had multiorgan failure, 71.1% required mechanical ventilation and 52.4% died. Conclusion: The most frequent septic focus was from pulmonary origin. More than half developed multiorgan failure, presenting respiratory and cardiovascular failure more frequently. Mortality frequency was 52.4%.

Características de las mujeres diabéticas con síntomas urinarios en el Hospital Nacional de Itauguá / Characteristics of diabetic women with urinary symptoms at the Itauguá National Hospital

Introducción: El diabético tiene mayor susceptibilidad a presentar infecciones bacterianas, virales y fúngicas, debido a alteraciones en sus mecanismos de defensa, generalmente las infecciones son más graves. Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicas de las mujeres diabéticas con síntomas urinarios internadas en el Dpto. de Medicina Interna del Hospital Nacional de Itauguá año 2018 y 2019. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal donde se incluyeron a 152 pacientes internadas en el servicio de clínica médica del Hospital Nacional de Itauguá. Resultados: Ingresaron al estudio 152 pacientes con una edad promedio fue de 61 años y un rango de entre 17 a 92 años de edad. El 11,84% presentó síntomas urinarios y en el 77,78% de las pacientes se pudo lograr aislar el germen causante, aislándose E. coli en el 83,33% de las muestras. Conclusión: La frecuencia de infección urinaria fue de 9,21 %. Se evidencio un alto nivel de mal control metabólico en la población estudiada, la mayoría de los casos de infección urinarias fueron en pacientes que presentaban un mal control metabólico.

Introduction: The diabetic is more susceptible to bacterial, viral and fungal infections, due to alterations in its defense mechanisms, infections are generally more serious. Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics of diabetic women with urinary symptoms admitted to the Internal Medicine Department of the National Hospital of Itauguá in 2018 and 2019. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted, including 152 hospitalized patients. in the medical clinic service of the National Hospital of Itauguá. Results: 152 patients entered the study with an average age of 61 years and a range of 17 to 92 years of age. 11.84% presented urinary symptoms and in 77.78% of the patients it was possible to isolate the causative germ, isolating E. coli in 83.33% of the samples. Conclusion: The frequency of urinary infection was 9.21%. A high level of poor metabolic control was evidenced in the studied population, most cases of urinary infection were in patients who presented poor metabolic control.

Magnolia officinalis Reduces Inflammation and Damage Induced by Recurrent Status Epilepticus in Immature Rats.

BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation induced in response to damage caused by status epilepticus (SE) activates the interleukin (IL)1-ß pathway and proinflammatory proteins that increase vulnerability to the development of spontaneous seizure activity and/or epilepsy. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to assess the short-term anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of Magnolia officinalis (MO) on recurrent SE in immature rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats at PN day 10 were used; n = 60 rats were divided into two control groups, SHAM and KA, and two experimental groups, MO (KA-MO) and Celecoxib (KA-Clbx). The anti-inflammatory effect of a single dose of MO was evaluated at 6 and 24 hr by Western blotting and on day 30 PN via a subchronic administration of MO to assess neuronal preservation and hippocampal gliosis by immunohistochemistry for NeunN and GFAP, respectively. RESULTS: KA-MO caused a decrease in the expression of IL1-ß and Cox-2 at 6 and 24 h post-treatment, a reduction in iNOS synthase at 6 and 24 hr post-treatment and reduced neuronal loss and gliosis at postnatal day 30, similar to Clbx. CONCLUSION: The results indicating that Magnolia officinalis is an alternative preventive treatment for early stages of epileptogenesis are encouraging.

Electroacupuncture Reduces Seizure Activity and Enhances GAD 67 and Glutamate Transporter Expression in Kainic Acid Induced Status Epilepticus in Infant Rats.

Status epilepticus (SE) is one of the most significant complications in pediatric neurology. Clinical studies have shown positive effects of electroacupuncture (EA) as a therapeutic alternative in the control of partial seizures and secondary generalized clonic seizures. EA promotes the release of neurotransmitters such as GABA and some opioids. The present study aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsive and neuromodulatory effects of Shui Gou DM26 (SG_DM26) acupuncture point electrostimulation on the expression of the glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) enzyme and the glutamate transporter EAAC1 in an early SE model. At ten postnatal days (10-PD), male rats weighing 22-26 g were divided into 16 groups, including control and treatment groups: Simple stimulation, electrostimulation, anticonvulsant drug treatment, and combined treatment-electrostimulation and pentobarbital (PB). SE was induced with kainic acid (KA), and the following parameters were measured: Motor behavior, and expression of GAD67 and EAAC1. The results suggest an antiepileptic effect derived from SG DM26 point EA. The possible mechanism is most likely the increased production of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, which is observed as an increase in the expression of both GAD67 and EAAC1, as well as the potential synergy between the neuromodulator effects of EA and PB.

Effects of corrective, therapeutic exercise techniques on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A systematic review. / Efectos de las técnicas de ejercicio terapéutico correctivo en la escoliosis idiopática del adolescente. Revisión sistemática.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of corrective, therapeutic exercise techniques on subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A systematic review was conducted by searching the Cochrane Library Plus, Pubmed, PEDro, and SCOPUS databases. Studies in patients diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis that considered corrective, therapeutic exercise as an independent outcome measure and symptoms, functional capacity, Cobb's angle and/or other angles or body asymmetries as dependent outcome measures were included. A total of 9 controlled clinical trials that carried out corrective, therapeutic exercise were included. Corrective, therapeutic exercise appears to have positive effects by reducing symptoms and improving function, as well as various angles and body asymmetries. However, further studies with better methodological quality are required to confirm these outcomes and determine the best therapeutic exercise intervention.

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los efectos de las técnicas de ejercicio terapéutico correctivo en sujetos con escoliosis idiopática del adolescente. Se realizó una revisión sistemática realizando búsquedas en Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, Pubmed, PEDro y SCOPUS. Se incluyeron estudios de pacientes con diagnóstico de escoliosis idiopática del adolescente, que consideraron, como variable independiente, ejercicio terapéutico correctivo y, como variables dependientes, síntomas, capacidad funcional, ángulo de Cobb y/u otros ángulos o asimetrías corporales. Se incluyeron un total de 9 ensayos clínicos controlados que utilizaron ejercicio terapéutico correctivo. El ejercicio terapéutico correctivo parece tener efectos positivos en la disminución de síntomas, mejora de la función y mejora de diferentes ángulos y asimetrías corporales. Sin embargo, son necesarios estudios con mejor calidad metodológica para confirmar estos resultados y determinar la mejor intervención mediante ejercicio terapéutico.

Oxidative Stress in Patients with Drug Resistant Partial Complex Seizure.

Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated as a pathophysiological mechanism of drug-resistant epilepsy, but little is known about the relationship between OS markers and clinical parameters, such as the number of drugs, age onset of seizure and frequency of seizures per month. The current study’s aim was to evaluate several oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in 18 drug-resistant partial complex seizure (DRPCS) patients compared to a control group (age and sex matched), and the results were related to clinical variables. We examined malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), nitric oxide (NO), uric acid, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione, vitamin C, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and nitrotyrosine (3-NT). All markers except 4-HNE and 3-NT were studied by spectrophotometry. The expressions of 4-HNE and 3-NT were evaluated by Western blot analysis. MDA levels in patients were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.0001) while AOPP levels were similar to the control group. AGEs, NO and uric acid concentrations were significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.004, p ≤ 0.005, p ≤ 0.0001, respectively). Expressions of 3-NT and 4-HNE were increased (p ≤ 0.005) similarly to SOD activity (p = 0.0001), whereas vitamin C was considerably diminished (p = 0.0001). Glutathione levels were similar to the control group. There was a positive correlation between NO and MDA with the number of drugs. The expression of 3-NT was positively related with the frequency of seizures per month. There was a negative relationship between MDA and age at onset of seizures, as well as vitamin C with seizure frequency/month. We detected an imbalance in the redox state in patients with DRCPS, supporting oxidative stress as a relevant mechanism in this pathology. Thus, it is apparent that some oxidant and antioxidant parameters are closely linked with clinical variables.

Effects of (-)-epicatechin on frontal cortex DAPC and dysbindin of the mdx mice.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple components of the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) are expressed in numerous tissues including the brain. Members of the DAPC and dysbindin are abnormally expressed in the brain of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients, which has been associated with cognitive impairments. However, little is known about the expression pattern of individual members of the DAPC in animal models of DMD and their relationship with dysbindin. METHODS: Ten mdx mice were randomly allocated into a control and intervention group [(-)-epicatechin (Epi) 1mg/kg/day for four weeks] and results compared to a wild-type mice. After sacrifice, brain pre-frontal cortices were collected for Western blotting and immunoprecipitation assays, and sagittal sections processed for immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Epi promotes a partial recovery of DAPC members [α1-Syntrophin, sarcoglycans (SG), dystrophin 71 (Dp71)], dysbindin, and utrophin protein levels. Epi also appears to restore the association of DAPC between dysbindin, and utrophin with Dp71 and ε-SG. Co-immunostaining evidence increased protein levels of dysbindin, dystrophin, and ε-SG and their colocalization. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, results suggest that Epi is capable of restoring pre-frontal cortex DAPC and dysbindin levels of mdx mice towards that of healthy brains. The functional implications of such studies warrant further investigation.

Sobrecarga y percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con el cuidador primario del paciente hemodializado / Burden and perception of the quality of life related with the primary caregiver for haemodialysis patient

Introducción: en los últimos años, ha adquirido importancia creciente la identificación del nivel de sobrecarga y las repercusiones sobre la calidad de vida de los cuidadores de los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas. El cuidador tiende a no buscar ayuda médica, postergándose y priorizando los problemas de su familiar dependiente, manteniendo la mayoría de sus propias enfermedades sin diagnosticar, tornándose casi invisible para el sistema de salud. Objetivos: identificar el nivel de sobrecarga del cuidador primario del paciente hemodializado y clasificar la calidad de vida percibida en sus diferentes dimensiones. Métodos: estudio transversal descriptivo. Muestreo no probabilístico. Realizado en un periodo de 6 meses. Se incluyó una muestra de 134 cuidadores primarios. Con el programa SPSS versión 19 se realizó el análisis estadístico, se utilizaron frecuencias y proporciones en variables cualitativas; y en las cuantitativas, medidas de tendencia central, X2. Aplicándose la Escala de Sobrecarga del Cuidador de Zarit y Cuestionario DarmouthCoop de Calidad de vida, versiones originales. Resultados: de 134 cuidadores, 76,9 por ciento (n= 103) mujeres; 23,1 por ciento (n= 31) hombres. El 30,6 por ciento (n= 41) cuidadores sin sobrecarga; 23,9 por ciento (n= 32) sobrecarga ligera y 45,5 por ciento (n= 61) sobrecarga intensa. Las dimensiones de forma física, sentimientos, cambio en el estado de salud y apoyo social tuvieron una percepción de la calidad de vida como mala o muy mala. Conclusiones: un gran porcentaje de la población analizada presenta sobrecarga intensa con afección en las dimensiones de calidad de vida percibida(AU)

Introduction: in recent years, it has become of great importance to identify the level of burden and implications on quality of life for primary caregivers of patients with chronic diseases. The caregiver tends not to seek for medical help, putting off his health; he gives priority to the patient's problem. Unfortunately, the caregiver diseases are not diagnosed by the health system. Objectives: To identify the burden level of primary caregivers for haemodialysis patient. To classify the perceived quality of life within its different dimensions. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed with no probabilistic sampling. It was conducted during six months. The sample size was 134 primary caregivers. With the SPSS program 19 version the statistical analysis was conducted. For the descriptive statistics, frequencies and proportions were used on qualitative variables, measures of central tendency and X2 in quantitative variables. The original version of the Zarit Burden Interwiew and the Dartmouth COOP Functional Assessment Charts were used. Results: 76.9 percent (n= 103) of the participants were women, 23.1 percent (n= 31) were men. The 30.6 percent (n= 41) showed no burden, 23.9 percent (n= 32) showed mild burden and 45.5 percent (n= 61) with severe burden. The functional assessment on physical fitness, feelings, change in health and social support were perceived as pretty bad or very bad. Conclusions: A large percentage of the studied population shows a severe burden impacting on the perceived functional assessment on the quality of life(AU)

Sobrecarga y percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con el cuidador primario del paciente hemodializado / Burden and perception of the quality of life related with the primary caregiver for haemodialysis patient

Introducción: en los últimos años, ha adquirido importancia creciente la identificación del nivel de sobrecarga y las repercusiones sobre la calidad de vida de los cuidadores de los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas. El cuidador tiende a no buscar ayuda médica, postergándose y priorizando los problemas de su familiar dependiente, manteniendo la mayoría de sus propias enfermedades sin diagnosticar, tornándose casi invisible para el sistema de salud. Objetivos: identificar el nivel de sobrecarga del cuidador primario del paciente hemodializado y clasificar la calidad de vida percibida en sus diferentes dimensiones. Métodos: estudio transversal descriptivo. Muestreo no probabilístico. Realizado en un periodo de 6 meses. Se incluyó una muestra de 134 cuidadores primarios. Con el programa SPSS versión 19 se realizó el análisis estadístico, se utilizaron frecuencias y proporciones en variables cualitativas; y en las cuantitativas, medidas de tendencia central, X2. Aplicándose la Escala de Sobrecarga del Cuidador de Zarit y Cuestionario DarmouthCoop de Calidad de vida, versiones originales. Resultados: de 134 cuidadores, 76,9 por ciento (n= 103) mujeres; 23,1 por ciento (n= 31) hombres. El 30,6 por ciento (n= 41) cuidadores sin sobrecarga; 23,9 por ciento (n= 32) sobrecarga ligera y 45,5 por ciento (n= 61) sobrecarga intensa. Las dimensiones de forma física, sentimientos, cambio en el estado de salud y apoyo social tuvieron una percepción de la calidad de vida como mala o muy mala. Conclusiones: un gran porcentaje de la población analizada presenta sobrecarga intensa con afección en las dimensiones de calidad de vida percibida(AU)

Introduction: in recent years, it has become of great importance to identify the level of burden and implications on quality of life for primary caregivers of patients with chronic diseases. The caregiver tends not to seek for medical help, putting off his health; he gives priority to the patient's problem. Unfortunately, the caregiver diseases are not diagnosed by the health system. Objectives: To identify the burden level of primary caregivers for haemodialysis patient. To classify the perceived quality of life within its different dimensions. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed with no probabilistic sampling. It was conducted during six months. The sample size was 134 primary caregivers. With the SPSS program 19 version the statistical analysis was conducted. For the descriptive statistics, frequencies and proportions were used on qualitative variables, measures of central tendency and X2 in quantitative variables. The original version of the Zarit Burden Interwiew and the Dartmouth COOP Functional Assessment Charts were used. Results: 76.9 percent (n= 103) of the participants were women, 23.1 percent (n= 31) were men. The 30.6 percent (n= 41) showed no burden, 23.9 percent (n= 32) showed mild burden and 45.5 percent (n= 61) with severe burden. The functional assessment on physical fitness, feelings, change in health and social support were perceived as pretty bad or very bad. Conclusions: A large percentage of the studied population shows a severe burden impacting on the perceived functional assessment on the quality of life(AU)

Síndrome de Klippel Trenaunay / Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome

El Síndrome de Klippel Trenaunay es una malformación vascular congénita caracterizada por una triada de manifestaciones clínicas que comprende una malformación vascular venular, linfática y venosa, junto con hipertrofia esquelética y aumento de tejidos blandos de uno o más miembros. De etiología desconocida, patogénicamente se cree que se produce una alteración en el desarrollo del mesodermo en el feto, que afecta a las líneas angioblástica, linfoblástica y osteoblástica. Se presenta el caso de un paciente femenino de 5 años de edad quien presenta una malformación vascular, diagnosticada inicialmente como hemangioma vascular y posteriormente se asoció a Síndrome de Klippel Trenaunay. El objetivo de la presentación de este caso es generar conocimiento sobre las características clínicas del síndrome de Klippel Trenaunay para un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno(AU)

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber congenital vascular malformation characterized by a triad of clinical manifestations comprising a venular, venous and lymphatic vascular malformation, with hypertrophy increased skeletal and soft tissue of one or more members. Of unknown etiology, it is believed to pathogenically an alteration occurs in mesoderm development in the fetus, which affects angioblastic , and osteoblastic lymphoblastoid lines. Is presentedthe case of a 5 year old that has a vascular malformation, initially diagnosed as vascular hemangioma and later was associated with Klippel- Trenaunay-Weber. Objective: To generate knowledge about the clinical features of KlippelTrenaunay Syndrome for diagnosis and treatment(AU)

Conocimiento y perspectiva sobre la autoexploración de mamas y su realización periódica en mujeres / Knowledge, perspective and regular practice of breast self-examination on women

Introducción: el cáncer de mama es la primera causa de muerte en mujeres de 35 a 55 años, constituye un problema de Salud Pública a nivel mundial. Se calcula que la incidencia podría aumentar en 50 por ciento en el año 2020. Investigaciones recientes señalan la efectividad de la autoexploración y la exploración clínica de mama cuando se garantiza un programa organizado para el diagnóstico temprano. Objetivo: identificar el conocimiento y perspectiva sobre la autoexploración de mamas y su realización periódica en mujeres de la Unidad de Medicina Familiar 171. Métodos: estudio transversal descriptivo. Muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, realizado en un periodo de cuatro meses. Se aplicó encuesta sobre antecedentes y conocimientos sobre autoexploración mamaria, se realizó una prueba visual mediante una lámina ilustrada. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 74 pacientes, con el programa SPSS versión 19 se realizó análisis estadístico. Para la estadística descriptiva se utilizaron frecuencias y proporciones en variables cualitativas; en las cuantitativas, media, mediana, moda y desviación estándar. Resultados: el 27,0 por ciento señaló un conocimiento bueno sobre la autoexploración mamaria. El 56,8 por ciento mostró una regular perspectiva sobre la autoexploración. El 78,4 por ciento demostró mediante prueba visual que tienen mala técnica en la autoexploración mamaria. Conclusiones: gran porcentaje de la población estudiada tiene conocimientos y perspectiva regulares en la autoexploración de mama. Para detección de anormalidades en sus senos, un pequeño porcentaje de mujeres combina sus conocimientos, perspectivas y realización de autoexploración de la manera adecuada(AU)

Introduction: Breast cancer is the first cause of death among women from 35 to 55 years old. This is a worldwide public health problem. It is estimated that the incidence could increase on 50 percent by 2020. Recent researches suggest effectiveness on self-examination and clinical examination when there is a guarantee program for an early diagnosis. Objective: To identify the knowledge and perspective on breast self-examination and its regular conduct by insured women patients from 171 Family Medicine Unit. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed with no probabilistic sampling for convenience. It was conducted during four months. A structured self-administered questionnaire about background and breast self-examination knowledge was given to the study participants. A visual test was performed using an illustrated sheet. The sample size was 74 patients. With the SPSS program 19 version the statistical analysis was conducted. For the descriptive statistics, frequencies and proportions were used on qualitative variables and mean, median, mode and standard deviation in quantitative variables. Results: 27.0 percent of the participants got a good knowledge about breast self-examination. Also 56.8 percent showed a regular perspective on self-examination. On the visual test the 78.4 percent of the women showed a bad technique on breast self-examination. Conclusions: A large percentage of the studied population has regular perspective and knowledge of breast self-examination. An small percentage of women combine their knowledge and perspective about breast self-examination and they perform the breast self-examination suitably in order to detect abnormalities on their breast(AU)

Síndrome de Klippel Trenaunay / Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome

El Síndrome de Klippel Trenaunay es una malformación vascular congénita caracterizada por una triada de manifestaciones clínicas que comprende una malformación vascular venular, linfática y venosa, junto con hipertrofia esquelética y aumento de tejidos blandos de uno o más miembros. De etiología desconocida, patogénicamente se cree que se produce una alteración en el desarrollo del mesodermo en el feto, que afecta a las líneas angioblástica, linfoblástica y osteoblástica. Se presenta el caso de un paciente femenino de 5 años de edad quien presenta una malformación vascular, diagnosticada inicialmente como hemangioma vascular y posteriormente se asoció a Síndrome de Klippel Trenaunay. El objetivo de la presentación de este caso es generar conocimiento sobre las características clínicas del síndrome de Klippel Trenaunay para un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno(AU)

Klippel - Trenaunay -Weber congenital vascular malformation characterized by a triad of clinical manifestations comprising a venular, venous and lymphatic vascular malformation, with hypertrophy increased skeletal and soft tissue of one or more members. Of unknown etiology, it is believed to pathogenically an alteration occurs in mesoderm development in the fetus, which affects angioblastic , and osteoblastic lymphoblastoid lines. Is presentedthe case of a 5 year old that has a vascular malformation, initially diagnosed as vascular hemangioma and later was associated with Klippel- Trenaunay -Weber.Objective: To generate knowledge about the clinical features of KlippelTrenaunay Syndrome for diagnosis and treatment(AU)