Gender identity and sexual orientation of people with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review / Identidad de género y orientación sexual de las personas con Trastorno del Espectro del Autismo: una revisión sistemática

There has been growing interest about gender identity and sexual orientation in people with autism spectrum disorder. This systematic review analyses 18 studies conducted since 2016 that met the inclusion criteria. The aim was to gather evidence of gender identity, gender dysphoria, and sexual orientation in the ASD population. The results indicate an increased prevalence of non-conforming gender identity and gender dysphoria in people with ASD. There was also evidence of greater prevalence of non-heterosexual orientation in people with ASD than people without ASD. These results were particularly found in women with ASD. However, more studies are needed, especially about women, children and adolescents, to ensure that there are suitable support and resources to meet the needs of this population. (AU)

En los últimos años ha surgido un creciente interés en relación con la identidad de género y la orientación sexual de las personas con trastorno del espectro del autismo (TEA). La presente revisión sistemática analiza un total de 18 estudios, publicados a partir de 2016, con la finalidad de obtener evidencias acerca de la identidad y disforia de género, y la orientación sexual en la población con TEA. Los resultados indicaron que existe una mayor prevalencia de identidad de género no conforme y de disforia de género en la población con TEA. Se encontró una mayor prevalencia de orientación no heterosexual en las personas con TEA en comparación con la población sin TEA. Estos resultados se encuentran preferentemente en las mujeres con TEA. No obstante, es necesario disponer de más y mejores evidencias sobre esta temática, especialmente en mujeres, y en las etapas de la niñez y la adolescencia, con el fin de implementar apoyos y recursos adecuados para dar respuesta a las necesidades de estas personas. (AU)

Séptima evaluación de test editados en España / Seventh review of test published in Spain

La Comisión de test del Consejo General de la Psicología del Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos lleva a cabo anualmente desde 2010 una evaluación de la calidad de los test que se publican en España. Como en las ediciones anteriores, el objetivo de este trabajo es describir el método y presentar los resultados de la séptima edición de evaluación de test, en la que ocho pruebas recientemente publicadas por cuatro casas editoriales (CEPE, EOS, PEARSON y TEA) fueron revisadas por un total de 16 expertos (i.e., dos revisores independientes por prueba) mediante la aplicación del Cuestionario de Evaluación de Test-Revisado (CET-R). De los resultados puede concluirse que, en términos generales, la calidad de los test evaluados es adecuada, destacando entre los puntos fuertes la calidad de las adaptaciones, las evidencias que proporcionan acerca de la consistencia interna, y la calidad de los baremos y la interpretación de sus puntuaciones. No obstante, se apuntan también algunas limitaciones y sugerencias de mejora

Every year since 2010, the Test Commission of the Spanish Psychological Association carries out a quality assessment of the tests published in Spain. As in previous editions, the aim of this paper is to describe the method and present the main results of the seventh test review, in which eight recently-published tests by four editorials (CEPE, EOS, Pearson, and TEA) were assessed by 16 experts (i.e. two independent reviewers for each test) through the application of the Test Review Questionnaire-Revised (CET-R). Results allow us to conclude that, in general terms, the quality of the assessed tests is adequate, highlighting as strong points the quality of the adaptations, the evidence on internal consistency, and the quality of standards and interpretation of scores. However, some limitations and suggestions for improvement are also noted

Do young people with asperger syndrome or intellectual disability use social media and are they cyberbullied or cyberbullies in the same way as their peers? / ¿Las personas jóvenes con síndrome de Asperger o discapacidad intelectual utilizan las redes sociales y son ciberacosados o ciberacosadores como sus padres?

Background: The aim of the present study is to explore how youth with intellectual disability or Asperger syndrome use new technologies and social media in comparison with their peers without disability. Method: Participants were 181 adolescents with a mean age of 16 years old (SD=3.7) who completed the "Cyber-aggression Questionnaire for Adolescents", the "Cyber-victimization Questionnaire for Adolescents" and a questionnaire on social media and new technologies. Results: Percentages of use of new technologies (61% tablets, 93% computers, 97% mobiles) are similar among groups but adolescents with Asperger syndrome or intellectual disability have been using them since more recent times and their uses are more limited. They also use social media less; the group with Asperger syndrome uses them the least. There are no significant differences in the frequency of cyberbullying. Conclusion: Despite using social media less, the frequency of cyberbullying is similar to their peers. Besides, the observed prevalence of cyberbullying is higher than that mentioned in previous studies in which informants were not the youths themselves

Antecedentes: este estudio se centra en explorar el uso que hace la juventud con discapacidad intelectual o síndrome de Asperger de las nuevas tecnologías y las redes sociales en comparación con sus pares sin discapacidad. Método: los participantes fueron 181 jóvenes con una edad media de 16 años (DT= 3.7 años), quienes cumplimentaron el "Cyber-aggression Questionnaire for Adolescents", el "Cyber-victimization Questionnaire for Adolescents" y un cuestionario sobre el uso de redes sociales y nuevas tecnologías. Resultados: los porcentajes de uso de las nuevas tecnologías (61% tablet, 93% ordenador y 97% móvil) son similares entre los grupos, pero los jóvenes con síndrome de Asperger y discapacidad intelectual las usan desde hace menos tiempo y hacen un uso más limitado de ellas. También usan menos las redes sociales, siendo el grupo con síndrome de Asperger el que menos las usa. No existen diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de ciberbullying. Conclusión: a pesar de que utilizan menos las redes sociales, la prevalencia de ciberbullying es similar a la de sus iguales. Además, la prevalencia observada en todos los grupos es más elevada que la apuntada en otros estudios en la que los informantes no suelen ser los propios jóvenes

Do young people with Asperger syndrome or intellectual disability use social media and are they cyberbullied or cyberbullies in the same way as their peers?

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study is to explore how youth with intellectual disability or Asperger syndrome use new technologies and social media in comparison with their peers without disability. METHOD: Participants were 181 adolescents with a mean age of 16 years old (SD=3.7) who completed the "Cyber-aggression Questionnaire for Adolescents", the "Cyber-victimization Questionnaire for Adolescents" and a questionnaire on social media and new technologies. RESULTS: Percentages of use of new technologies (61% tablets, 93% computers, 97% mobiles) are similar among groups but adolescents with Asperger syndrome or intellectual disability have been using them since more recent times and their uses are more limited. They also use social media less; the group with Asperger syndrome uses them the least. There are no significant differences in the frequency of cyberbullying. CONCLUSION: Despite using social media less, the frequency of cyberbullying is similar to their peers. Besides, the observed prevalence of cyberbullying is higher than that mentioned in previous studies in which informants were not the youths themselves.

Evaluating the characteristics of the grieving process in people with intellectual disability.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics associated with the grieving process among a population with intellectual disability and the influence of particular variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample was composed of 380 participants with intellectual disability, on whose behalf 149 professionals completed a 20-item questionnaire with four Likert-type answer options, developed to evaluate the grieving process: Inventory of Grief and Coping Strategies in Intellectual Disability (IGCS-ID). RESULTS: The IGCS-ID shows adequate levels of reliability. It covers three dimensions: understanding of the concept of death, coping with the loss and post-bereavement reactions. The level of intellectual disability, the time elapsed since the loss and the residential setting gave rise to significant differences in the three dimensions based on the participants. CONCLUSION: An assessment of the grieving process would help to put in place effective resources to help people with intellectual disability overcome the loss and cope with the changes that it brings.