Histopathological evaluation of IBA-1, GFAP activity in the brain cortex of rats administered cadmium chloride.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the changes in brain tissue and blood-brain barrier due to oxidative stress during cadmium (Cd) poisoning by biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods. Methods: 170-190 g weighing eight-week-old female Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups (control and experimental), with 7 animals in each group. Experimental group rats were given 2 mg/kg/day powdered cadmium chloride dissolved in water intraperitoneally every day for two weeks. Biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examination was performed. Results: It was seen that brain malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased significantly, and glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) activity levels decreased. In addition to degeneration in some pyramidal cells and glial cells, deformity, and picnosis in the nucleus, dilation of the meninges and cortex vessels, and inflammation around the blood vessels were observed. An increase was found in ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA-1) expression in microglia cells and degenerative endothelial cells, and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression was observed in astrocytes and degenerate neurons. Conclusions: It has been shown that cadmium toxicity may cause microgliosis and astrogliogenesis by inducing cytokine production due to cell degeneration, vascularity, and inflammation in the brain cortex and by affecting microglia, astrocytes cells.

Rodent Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Changes Associated With Static Cold Storage.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of static cold storage preservation on skeletal muscle metabolism using a rodent model. METHODS: Sixteen male Lewis rats (250 ± 25 g) were distributed into 4 groups, including naive control, warm ischemia for 2 hours, static warm storage for 6 hours, and static cold storage for 6 hours. Energy status, metabolomics profiling, and histopathology of the muscle were analyzed. RESULTS: In the warm ischemia and static warm storage groups, glycolytic pathway metabolites decreased, but the Krebs cycle metabolite of succinate and the purine degradation product of hypoxanthine accumulated. Increased succinate and hypoxanthine levels were associated with increased injury severity scores. During static cold storage, the glycolytic pathway activity and the energy status were preserved. Succinate and hypoxanthine levels showed no significant difference from the naive group. CONCLUSION: Warm ischemia results in reduced glycolysis and Krebs cycle metabolites. Static cold storage preserves the glycolytic pathway and represents a favorable contribution to cellular energy demand. Succinate and hypoxanthine might be used as novel potential biomarkers for the assessment of viability and injury severity.

Expression of PECAM-1 and E-Cadherin in the Umblical Cords of Gestational Diabetic Mothers / Expresión de PECAM-1 y E-cadherina en los Cordones Umbilicales de Madres con Diabetes Gestacional

The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in the umbilical cord in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus In this study, as a control group human placental tissues from normotensive pregnancies was collected from diabetic women at 28­35 weeks of gestation. Gestational diabetes (n= 20) and normal umbilical cord (n= 20) for a total of 40 units were received.GDM groups compared to the control group was significantly higher values was detected (p<0.01). In GDM group, light microscopy showed erosion of the endothelium and complete rupture of theumbilicalvessels resulting in extravasation of blood within Wharton's jelly. it was observed that the cytoplasmic fragments and cell infiltration of the spill to the subepithelial layer of apoptotic cell PECAM-1 positive reaction showed. E-Cadherin in endothelial side surface of diabetes group showed weak expression in the nucleus and showed positive reaction in smooth muscle.

El objetivo fue examinar los cambios que presenta el cordón umbilical de mujeres con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). Se incluyeron en el grupo control muestras de tejidos placentarios humanos de embarazos normotensos y de mujeres diabéticas de entre 28­35 semanas de gestación. Las muestras se divieron en cordones umbilicales con cambios de DMG (n= 20) y cordones umbilicales normales (n= 20), constituyendo un total de 40 muestras. El grupo de DMG, en comparación con el grupo control, presentó valores significativamente más elevados (p<0,01). En el grupo de DMG, la microscopía óptica demostró la erosión del endotelio y la ruptura completa de los vasos umbilicales, resultando en la extravasación de sangre dentro de la gelatina . Se observaron fragmentos citoplasmáticos e infiltración celular de la capa subepitelial de células apoptóticas mostró una reacción positiva a PECAM-1. En el grupo de DMG, la E-cadherina de la superficie lateral endotelial mostró una expresión débil en el núcleo y una reacción positiva en el músculo liso.

Spontaneous brachial pseudo-aneurysm in a 12-year-old with kyphoscoliosis-type Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

The Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterised by fragility of the soft connective tissues and widespread manifestations in skin, ligaments, joints, blood vessels and internal organs. We report a case of a 12-year-old boy, previously diagnosed with kyphoscoliosis-type EDS (type VI), presenting with a left brachial artery pseudo-aneursym with history of multiple spontaneous and post-traumatic arterial ruptures. Surgical management of this patient was performed successfully by primary repair of brachial artery lesion.

Protein adsorption behaviour of ionogenic poly(HEMA) membranes: a fluorescence study.

A series of ionogenic poly(HEMA) membranes which were prepared by bulk copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and anionic or cationic comonomers, acrylic acid (AA), and dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate (DMAEMA), were characterized by equilibrium swelling measurements, surface free energies, and protein adsorption studies. It was found that their equilibrium water content (EWC) values are greater than 40% which increases with increasing comonomer concentration. That is why the surface free energy is approximately the same (approximately 60 erg cm-2) for all surfaces and does not depend mainly on the composition of the polymer matrix. The adsorption of two plasma proteins that have received much attention, i.e. BSA and fibrinogen, on these membranes was followed by fluorimetric measurements as a function of time. The uptake of proteins from dilute solutions appeared to be directly related to the type and density of surface charge, and also structural properties of the proteins.