RESUMEN
Translocation t(4;12)(q11-13;p13) is a recurrent but very rare chromosomal aberration in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) resulting in the non-constant expression of a CHIC2/ETV6 fusion transcript. We report clinico-biological features, molecular characteristics and outcomes of 21 cases of t(4;12) including 19 AML and two myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Median age at the time of t(4;12) was 78 years (range, 56-88). Multilineage dysplasia was described in 10 of 19 (53%) AML cases and CD7 and/or CD56 expression in 90%. FISH analyses identified ETV6 and CHIC2 region rearrangements in respectively 18 of 18 and 15 of 17 studied cases. The t(4;12) was the sole cytogenetic abnormality in 48% of cases. The most frequent associated mutated genes were ASXL1 (n = 8/16, 50%), IDH1/2 (n = 7/16, 44%), SRSF2 (n = 5/16, 31%) and RUNX1 (n = 4/16, 25%). Interestingly, concurrent FISH and molecular analyses showed that t(4;12) can be, but not always, a founding oncogenic event. Median OS was 7.8 months for the entire cohort. In the 16 of 21 patients (76%) who received antitumoral treatment, overall response and first complete remission rates were 37% and 31%, respectively. Median progression-free survival in responders was 13.7 months. Finally, t(4;12) cases harboured many characteristics of AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (multilineage dysplasia, MDS-related cytogenetic abnormalities, frequent ASXL1 mutations) and a poor prognosis.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos Par 12 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 4 , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/diagnóstico , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/genética , Translocación Genética , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Análisis Citogenético , Femenino , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/etiología , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/diagnóstico , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/etiología , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/mortalidad , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/terapia , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/mortalidad , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/terapia , PronósticoRESUMEN
TITLE: La protéine MDM2 favorise la mort cellulaire en affectant la bioénergétique mitochondriale. ABSTRACT: Pour la sixième année, dans le cadre du module d'enseignement « Physiopathologie de la signalisation ¼ proposé par l'université Paris-sud, les étudiants du Master « Biologie Santé ¼ de l'université Paris-Saclay se sont confrontés à l'écriture scientifique. Ils ont sélectionné une quinzaine d'articles scientifiques récents dans le domaine de la signalisation cellulaire présentant des résultats originaux, via des approches expérimentales variées, sur des thèmes allant des relations hôte-pathogène aux innovations thérapeutiques, en passant par la signalisation hépatique et le métabolisme. Après un travail préparatoire réalisé avec l'équipe pédagogique, les étudiants, organisés en binômes, ont ensuite rédigé, guidés par des chercheurs, une Nouvelle soulignant les résultats majeurs et l'originalité de l'article étudié. Ils ont beaucoup apprécié cette initiation à l'écriture d'articles scientifiques et, comme vous pourrez le lire, se sont investis dans ce travail avec enthousiasme ! Trois de ces Nouvelles sont publiées dans ce numéro, les autres le seront dans des prochains numéros.
Asunto(s)
Muerte Celular/fisiología , Metabolismo Energético/fisiología , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , NADH Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Respiración de la Célula/fisiología , Humanos , Neoplasias/metabolismoRESUMEN
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The prevalence of hypercalcemia in this neoplasm and its prognostic significance is unclear. We retrospectively evaluated the prevalence of hypercalcemia at diagnosis of DLBCL and explored associations of hypercalcemia with clinical factors and outcome. Outcome was assessed using event-free survival at 24 months (EFS24). A total of 305 patients (248 de novo DLBCL and 57 transformed indolent lymphomas) diagnosed between 2006 and 2018 in Reims were analyzed. The prevalence of calcemia >10.5 mg/dL at diagnosis of de novo DLBCL and transformed indolent lymphomas was 23% and 26%, respectively. Hypercalcemia in de novo DLBCL was strongly associated with high-risk features, especially with International Prognostic Index (IPI) components, but also with B symptoms, ß2-microglobulin, hemoglobin, and albumin levels. The diagnosis-to-treatment interval was significantly shorter for hypercalcemic patients (P = .001). These associations with adverse prognostic factors translated into lower rates of EFS24 (HR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.08-2.54) and shorter PFS (P = .0059) and OS (P = .0003) for patients with lymphoma-related hypercalcemia but not independently of IPI parameters. These data suggest that hypercalcemia is rather a biomarker of the underlying biological aggressiveness of DLBCL.
Asunto(s)
Hipercalcemia/epidemiología , Hipercalcemia/mortalidad , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/diagnóstico , Tiempo de Tratamiento/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Francia/epidemiología , Humanos , Hipercalcemia/terapia , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/complicaciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Tasa de Supervivencia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) is a rare hematological disorder whose underlying oncogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. Our cytogenetic and molecular assessments of 34 patients with B-PLL revealed several disease-specific features and potential therapeutic targets. The karyotype was complex (≥3 abnormalities) in 73% of the patients and highly complex (≥5 abnormalities) in 45%. The most frequent chromosomal aberrations were translocations involving MYC [t(MYC)] (62%), deletion (del)17p (38%), trisomy (tri)18 (30%), del13q (29%), tri3 (24%), tri12 (24%), and del8p (23%). Twenty-six (76%) of the 34 patients exhibited an MYC aberration, resulting from mutually exclusive translocations or gains. Whole-exome sequencing revealed frequent mutations in TP53, MYD88, BCOR, MYC, SF3B1, SETD2, CHD2, CXCR4, and BCLAF1. The majority of B-PLL used the IGHV3 or IGHV4 subgroups (89%) and displayed significantly mutated IGHV genes (79%). We identified 3 distinct cytogenetic risk groups: low risk (no MYC aberration), intermediate risk (MYC aberration but no del17p), and high risk (MYC aberration and del17p) (P = .0006). In vitro drug response profiling revealed that the combination of a B-cell receptor or BCL2 inhibitor with OTX015 (a bromodomain and extra-terminal motif inhibitor targeting MYC) was associated with significantly lower viability of B-PLL cells harboring a t(MYC). We concluded that cytogenetic analysis is a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool in B-PLL. Targeting MYC may be a useful treatment option in this disease.
Asunto(s)
Leucemia Prolinfocítica Tipo Células B/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Análisis Citogenético , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , PronósticoAsunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos X/genética , Isocromosomas , Leucemia Mieloide/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/genética , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Médula Ósea/patología , Cromosomas Humanos X/ultraestructura , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Dioxigenasas , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Genes Relacionados con las Neoplasias , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide/epidemiología , Leucemia Mieloide/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutación , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/epidemiología , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/patología , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias/genética , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias/patología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Distribución por SexoRESUMEN
Clonal chromosome abnormalities in Philadelphia-negative cells could concern chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The European LeukemiaNet distinguishes -7/del(7q) abnormalities as a "warning". However, the impact of clonal chromosome abnormalities, and specifically those of -7/del(7q), in Philadelphia-negative cells on clinical outcomes is unclear and based on case-reports showing morphological dysplasia and increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia, suggesting the coexistence of chronic myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine whether the impact of -7/del(7q) clonal chromosome abnormalities in Philadelphia-negative cells on the clinical outcome is different from that of other types of abnormalities, and we argue for an underlying associated high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. Among 102 chronic myeloid leukemia patients with clonal chromosome abnormalities in Philadelphia-negative cells with more than a median of 6 years of follow up, patients with -7/del(7q) more frequently had signs of dysplasia, a lower cumulative incidence of deep molecular response and often needed further treatment lines, with the consequent impact on event-free and progression-free survival. Morphological features of dysplasia are associated with myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia mutations and compromise the optimal response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, irrespectively of the type of clonal chromosome abnormalities in Philadelphia-negative cells. However, mutation patterns determined by next-generation sequencing could not clearly explain the underlying high-risk disease. We hereby confirm the pejorative prognostic value of -7/del(7q) clonal chromosome abnormalities in Philadelphia-negative cells and suggest that myelodysplastic features constitute a warning signal that response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors may be less than optimal.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Cromosomas Humanos Par 7 , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/etiología , Metafase/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/diagnóstico , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/genética , Alelos , Deleción Cromosómica , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/mortalidad , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Mutación , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/mortalidad , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/terapia , Pronóstico , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with 17p deletion (17p-) is associated with a lack of response to standard treatment and thus the worst possible clinical outcome. Various chromosomal abnormalities (including unbalanced translocations, deletions, ring chromosomes and isochromosomes) result in the loss of 17p and one copy of the TP53 gene. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the type of chromosomal abnormality leading to 17p- and the additional aberrations influenced the prognosis in a series of 195 patients with 17p-CLL. Loss of 17p resulted primarily from an unbalanced translocation (70%) with several chromosome partners (the most frequent being chromosome 18q), followed by deletion 17p (23%), monosomy 17 (8%), isochromosome 17q [i(17q)] (5%) and a ring chromosome 17 (2%). In a univariate analysis, monosomy 17, a highly complex karyotype (≥5 abnormalities), and 8q24 gain were associated with poor treatment-free survival, and i(17q) (P = .04), unbalanced translocations (P = .03) and 8q24 gain (P = .001) were significantly associated with poor overall survival. In a multivariate analysis, 8q24 gain remained a significant predictor of poor overall survival. We conclude that 17p deletion and 8q24 gain have a synergistic impact on outcome, and so patients with this "double-hit" CLL have a particularly poor prognosis. Systematic, targeting screening for 8q24 gain should therefore be considered in cases of 17p- CLL.
Asunto(s)
Deleción Cromosómica , Cromosomas Humanos Par 17/ultraestructura , Cromosomas Humanos Par 8/ultraestructura , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/genética , Translocación Genética , Trisomía , Cariotipo Anormal , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Genes p53 , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/mortalidad , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica/genética , Pronóstico , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Klhl6 belongs to the KLHL gene family, which is composed of an N-terminal BTB-POZ domain and four to six Kelch motifs in tandem. Several of these proteins function as adaptors of the Cullin3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. In this article, we report that Klhl6 deficiency induces, as previously described, a 2-fold reduction in mature B cells. However, we find that this deficit is centered on the inability of transitional type 1 B cells to survive and to progress toward the transitional type 2 B cell stage, whereas cells that have passed this step generate normal germinal centers (GCs) upon a T-dependent immune challenge. Klhl6-deficient type 1 B cells showed a 2-fold overexpression of genes linked with cell proliferation, including most targets of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome complex, a set of genes whose expression is precisely downmodulated upon culture of splenic transitional B cells in the presence of BAFF. These results thus suggest a delay in the differentiation process of Klhl6-deficient B cells between the immature and transitional stage. We further show, in the BL2 Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, that KLHL6 interacts with Cullin3, but also that it binds to HBXIP/Lamtor5, a protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and cytokinesis. Finally, we report that KLHL6, which is recurrently mutated in B cell lymphomas, is an off-target of the normal somatic hypermutation process taking place in GC B cells in both mice and humans, thus leaving open whether, despite the lack of impact of Klhl6 deficiency on GC B cell expansion, mutants could contribute to the oncogenic process.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos B/fisiología , Proteínas Portadoras/fisiología , Centro Germinal/citología , Animales , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Linfoma de Burkitt/patología , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Diferenciación Celular , Línea Celular , Proliferación Celular , Centro Germinal/inmunología , Humanos , Linfoma de Células B/genética , Linfoma de Células B/patología , Ratones , Mutación , Células Precursoras de Linfocitos B/fisiologíaAsunto(s)
Ciclina D1/genética , Linfoma de Células B/genética , Linfoma de Células del Manto/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc/genética , Translocación Genética , Bandeo Cromosómico , Cromosomas Humanos Par 11 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 14 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 17 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 4 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 8 , Resultado Fatal , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Cariotipificación , Linfoma de Células B/clasificación , Linfoma de Células B/patología , Linfoma de Células del Manto/clasificación , Linfoma de Células del Manto/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Acute myeloid leukemias arise from a rare population of leukemic cells, known as leukemic stem cells, which initiate the disease and contribute to frequent relapses. Although the phenotype of these cells remains unclear in most patients, these cells are enriched within the CD34(+)CD38(low/-) compartment expressing the interleukin-3 alpha chain receptor, CD123. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of the percentage of blasts with the CD34(+)CD38(low/-)CD123(+) phenotype. DESIGN AND METHODS: The percentage of CD34(+)CD38(low/-)CD123(+) cells in the blast population was determined at diagnosis using flow cytometry. One hundred and eleven patients under 65 years of age with de novo acute myeloid leukemia and treated with intensive chemotherapy were retrospectively included in the study. Correlations with complete response, disease-free survival and overall survival were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: A proportion of CD34(+)CD38(low/-)CD123(+) cells greater than 15% at diagnosis and an unfavorable karyotype were significantly correlated with a lack of complete response. By logistic regression analysis, a percentage of CD34(+)CD38(low/-)CD123(+) higher than 15% retained significance with an odds ratio of 0.33 (0.1-0.97; P=0.044). A greater than 1% population of CD34(+)CD38(low/-)CD123(+) cells negatively affected disease-free survival (0.9 versus 4.7 years; P<0.0001) and overall survival (1.25 years versus median not reached; P<0.0001). A greater than 1% population of CD34(+)CD38(low/-)CD123(+) cells retained prognostic significance for both parameters after multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of CD34(+)CD38(low/-)CD123(+) leukemic cells at diagnosis was significantly correlated with response to treatment and survival. This prognostic marker might be easily adopted in clinical practice to rapidly identify patients at risk of treatment failure.