Modelo animal de ectasia corneal en conejo mediante inyección intraestromal de colagenasa tipo ii / Animal model of corneal ectasia in rabbits by intrastromal injection of type II collagenase

Introducción La colagenasa ii ha sido utilizada para inducir queratocono experimental en modelos animales. Sin embargo, no ha sido estudiado su efecto cuando se administra por inyección intraestromal, por lo que el propósito de este estudio fue estudiar los efectos de la inyección intraestromal de colagenasa ii sobre la superficie corneal y la morfología de la córnea. Método Se trabajó con 6 conejos Nueva Zelanda, se administró colagenasa ii por inyección intraestromal (5μL de 2,5mg/mL) en los ojos derechos y solución salina balanceada en los ojos izquierdos. Se realizaron queratometrías para evaluar la alteración de la curvatura, también al séptimo día se obtuvieron las córneas y se realizó tinción hematoxilina-eosina para examinar los cambios morfológicos. Asimismo, se investigaron los cambios en la expresión de colágeno tipo i por tinción rojo sirio y PCR semicuantitativa. Resultados K1, K2 y Km presentaron diferencias en los promedios con cambios estadísticamente significativos. Los cambios morfológicos que se demostraron fueron degradación y disposición irregular del estroma corneal, incremento en la densidad celular de queratocitos y ligera infiltración celular. Finalmente se demostró que hay mayor expresión de fibras de colágeno tipo i en el grupo experimental a diferencia de los controles y el grosor de las fibras también aumentó por acción de la colagenasa ii; sin embargo, en cuestión génica no hubo cambios en la expresión de colágeno tipo i a nivel molecular entre el grupo control y experimental. Conclusiones La colagenasa ii administrada por inyección intraestromal es capaz de inducir cambios en la superficie corneal y el estroma, pudiendo simular un modelo de queratocono (AU)

Introduction Collagenase II has been used to induce experimental keratoconus in animal models. However, its effect when administered by intrastromal injection has not been studied, so the purpose of this study was to study the effects of intrastromal injection of collagenase II on corneal surface and corneal morphology. Method Six New Zealand rabbits were used, collagenase II was administered by intrastromal injection (5μL of 2.5mg/mL) in the right eyes and balanced salt solution in the left eyes. Keratometry was performed to evaluate curvature alteration, also at day 7 corneas were obtained and hematoxylin–eosin staining was performed to examine morphologic changes. Likewise, changes in type I collagen expression were investigated by Sirius Red staining and semi-quantitative PCR. Results K1, K2, and Km presented differences in the means with statistically significant changes. The morphological changes that were demonstrated were degradation and irregular arrangement of the corneal stroma, increase in the cellular density of keratocytes and slight cellular infiltration. Finally, it was demonstrated that there is greater expression of type I collagen fibers in the experimental group as opposed to the controls and the thickness of the fibers also increased due to the action of collagenase II, however, in terms of genetics there were no changes in the expression of type I collagen at molecular level between the control and experimental groups. Conclusions Collagenase II administered by intrastromal injection is able to induce changes in the corneal surface and stroma, being able to simulate a model of keratoconus (AU)

Animal model of corneal ectasia in rabbits by intrastromal injection of type II collagenase.

INTRODUCTION: Collagenase II has been used to induce experimental keratoconus in animal models. However, its effect when administered by intrastromal injection has not been studied, so the purpose of this study was to study the effects of intrastromal injection of collagenase II on corneal surface and corneal morphology. METHODS: Six New Zealand rabbits were used, collagenase II was administered by intrastromal injection (5µL of 2.5mg/mL) in the right eyes and balanced salt solution in the left eyes. Keratometry was performed to evaluate curvature alteration, also at day 7 corneas were obtained and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining was performed to examine morphologic changes. Likewise, changes in type I collagen expression were investigated by Sirius Red staining and semiquantitative PCR. RESULTS: K1, K2 and Km presented differences in the means with statistically significant changes. The morphological changes that were demonstrated were degradation and irregular arrangement of the corneal stroma, increase in the cellular density of keratocytes and slight cellular infiltration. Finally, it was demonstrated that there is greater expression of type I collagen fibers in the experimental group as opposed to the controls and the thickness of the fibers also increased due to the action of collagenase II, however, in terms of genetics there were no changes in the expression of type I collagen at molecular level between the control and experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: Collagenase II administered by intrastromal injection is able to induce changes in the corneal surface and stroma, being able to simulate a model of keratoconus.

Características e impactos del aprendizaje entre pares en estudios universitarios en ciencias de la salud: una revisión sistemática / Characteristics and impacts of peer assisted learning in university studies in health science: A systematic review

Objetivo: Analizar sistemáticamente las características y los impactos de los programas e iniciativas de aprendizaje asistido por pares realizados en estudios universitarios en ciencias de la salud en los cursos de pregrado. Métodos: Siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA, se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos indexadas en WoS y SCOPUS, con todos los trabajos originales que reportan aprendizaje asistido por pares en estudios universitarios en ciencias de la salud. Se seleccionaron artículos originales entre enero de 2010 y enero de 2020, analizando la información sobre las características de los programas y los principales resultados e impactos de los estudios. Resultados: Se incluyeron 47 estudios en la revisión. Las características de los programas más representadas fueron la utilización de la modalidad aprendizaje entre pares próximos, el uso de clases teóricas, laboratorios clínicos y la capacitación a los tutores pares. Los principales impactos identificados son los beneficios en la confianza y en el conocimiento de los tutores, la mejor comprensión de los contenidos y la mayor comodidad en comparación con los tutores académicos en los estudiantes. Conclusión: Los programas de aprendizaje asistido por pares han demostrado beneficios cualitativos relativos al ambiente de aprendizaje, la generación de redes de apoyo y la confianza en los conocimientos adquiridos. Sin embargo, los beneficios cuantitativos, medidos como mejoría en las calificaciones, no son concluyentes. Se necesitan futuros estudios que busquen indagar sobre las metodologías utilizadas para detectar qué características impactan más positivamente sobre el proceso de aprendizaje (AU)

Objective: Systematically analyse the characteristics and impact of peer assisted learning programmes implemented in undergraduate health education. Methods: Following the PRISMA protocol, we searched the electronic indexed databases WoS and SCOPUS; original studies reporting peer assisted learning in health science careers were included in the systematic review. Among them, the studies between 2010 and January 2020 were selected, and information regarding programme structures and principal results was subsequently extracted. Results: A total of 47 studies were included in the review. The most frequent programme characteristics were the near-peer teaching modality, lecture classes, clinical laboratories and peer tutor training. The main findings identified were benefits in tutors’ confidence and knowledge, better student comprehension and a more comfortable learning environment in comparison with that established by academic tutors. Conclusion: Peer assisted learning programmes have shown qualitative benefits in the learning environment, generation of support networks and confidence in knowledge acquired. Nonetheless, quantitative benefits measured as improvements in marks are inconclusive. Future studies are needed to standardise the methodologies used to determine which characteristics are the most positive in the learning process (AU)

Characteristics and impacts of peer assisted learning in university studies in health science: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Systematically analyse the characteristics and impact of peer assisted learning programmes implemented in undergraduate health education. METHODS: Following the PRISMA protocol, we searched the electronic indexed databases WoS and SCOPUS; original studies reporting peer assisted learning in health science careers were included in the systematic review. Among them, the studies between 2010 and January 2020 were selected, and information regarding programme structures and principal results was subsequently extracted. RESULTS: A total of 47 studies were included in the review. The most frequent programme characteristics were the near-peer teaching modality, lecture classes, clinical laboratories and peer tutor training. The main findings identified were benefits in tutors' confidence and knowledge, better student comprehension and a more comfortable learning environment in comparison with that established by academic tutors. CONCLUSION: Peer assisted learning programmes have shown qualitative benefits in the learning environment, generation of support networks and confidence in knowledge acquired. Nonetheless, quantitative benefits measured as improvements in marks are inconclusive. Future studies are needed to standardise the methodologies used to determine which characteristics are the most positive in the learning process.

Intervenciones de prevención y tratamiento en recién nacidos con defectos del tubo neural / Prevention and treatment interventions in newborns with neural tube defects

Introducción: los defectos de tubo neural son anomalías congénitas del sistema nervioso central; estas malformaciones elevan el grado de morbimortalidad en los recién nacidos durante los diez primeros años de vida. Objetivo: definir las intervenciones que el profesional de enfermería puede realizar en el recién nacido con defectos del tubo neural tomando en cuenta aspectos de prevención y tratamiento. Material y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda sistematizada en las bases de datos de PudMed y BVS de julio-septiembre 2021, que incluyo artículos completos relacionados con intervenciones de enfermería a recién nacidos con defectos del tubo neural publicados entre 2016-2021 y artículos médicos de revisión literaria. Resultados: se seleccionaron 41 artículos para definir las intervenciones, a saber: a. intervenciones preventivas con el consumo de ácido fólico, control prenatal y educación sanitaria, b. intervenciones relacionadas al tratamiento enfocadas al cuidado de las derivaciones ventriculoperitoneales y cuidado de heridas quirúrgicas, c. intervenciones ante complicaciones. Discusión: las tasas de mortalidad y discapacidad infantil han incrementado en los últimos años a pesar de los avances en la medicina preventiva, por lo que toma relevancia el consumo de ácido fólico, educación sanitaria y métodos de cuidado hospitalarios. Conclusiones: la enfermera neonatal puede participar con cuidados estandarizados en beneficio de los recién nacidos considerando intervenciones para evitar retraso en el crecimiento y desarrollo de los hitos motores y cognitivos, reducir complicaciones y mejorar las posibilidades de una óptima condición de vida.

Introduction: neural tube defects are congenital anomalies of the central nervous system; These malformations increase the degree of morbidity and mortality in newborns during the first ten years of life. Objective: define the interventions that the nursing professional can be carried out in newborns with neural tube defects, considering aspects of prevention and treatment. Material and methods: systematized search was carried out in the databases of PudMed and BVS during July-September 2021, which included complete articles related to nursing interventions for newborns with neural tube defects published between 2016-2021 and medical literature review articles. Results: forty-one articles were selected to define the interventions: a. Preventive interventions in the consumption of folic acid, prenatal control and health education, b. Interventions related to treatment focused on the care of ventriculoperitoneal shunt and surgical wound care, c. interventions for complications. Discussion: infant mortality and disability rates have increased in recent years despite advances in preventive medicine, which is why the consumption of folic acid, health education and hospital care methods are relevant. Conclusions: neonatal nurse can participate with standardized care for the benefit of newborns, considering interventions to avoid delayed growth and development of motor and cognitive milestones, reduce complications and improve the chances of an optimal life condition.

Cuidado especializado a neonato prematuro fundamentado en la teoría general del autocuidado / Premature neonate specialized care based on the general theory of self-care / Cuidado especializado a neonato prematuro fundamentado na teoria general do autocuidado

Introducción: Los nacimientos prematuros permanecen como un problema perinatal, afectan entre 5 y 12% de los nacimientos, la principal condición clínica asociada a estos es el Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria (SDR), inicia inmediatamente al nacimiento con dificultad respiratoria progresiva que requiere asistencia ventilatoria e ingreso a Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN). Se presenta el abordaje de manera integral a una recién nacida de 32 SDG con SDR, en un hospital de segundo nivel de atención, en este se aplicó el proceso enfermero. Objetivo: Brindar atención integral e individualizada con cuidados específicos al neonato prematuro, con base en la Teoría General del Autocuidado. Método Selección de paciente a conveniencia en UCIN, aplicación de la metodología del proceso enfermero, valoración basada en los requisitos universales de autocuidado. La información obtenida fue a través del expediente clínico, entrevista a la madre y valoración de la recién nacida. Se analizaron los datos, se emitieron diagnósticos enfermeros, se ejecutó plan de cuidados fundamentados por artículos científicos y guías de práctica clínica. Resultados: Se realizaron 12 diagnósticos de enfermería, 10 reales y 2 de riesgo de acuerdo con los requisitos de autocuidado universal, se identificaron los más alterados: mantenimiento de un aporte suficiente de aire, agua y alimentos, y provisión de cuidados asociados con los procesos de excreción. Conclusiones: Se lograron intervenciones independientes e interdependientes; sin embargo, el neonato permaneció en UCIN debido a que su atención es compleja y requiere personal capacitado con conocimientos y habilidades fundamentadas para el cuidado. La asistencia al prematuro debe ser inmediata para la detección precoz y manejo de patologías frecuentes.

Introduction: Premature births remain a perinatal problem affecting between 5% and 12% of cases. The main clinical condition associated is the Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS), which onsets right after birth, and which is characterized by a progressive respiratory difficulty which requires ventilation assistance at the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). This study presents the integral handling of the case of a newly born with 32 gestational weeks and NRDS at a second level of attention hospital. The Nursing Process was applied. Objective: To provide integral and individualized attention with specific care to this premature neonate, based on the General Theory of Self-Care. Method The patient was selected by convenience from the NICU applying the methodology of the nursing process, and with an assessment based on the universal requirements of self-care. The related information was obtained through the clinical record, an interview to the mother, and the assessment of the patient. Data were analyzed and nursing diagnoses were generated. The care plan was executed with the support of scientific articles and clinical practice guides. Results: 12 nursing diagnoses were emitted, 10 real and 2 of risk, including: maintenance of enough air, water, and feeding supply, and excretion related associated care. Conclusions: Independent and inter-dependent interventions were achieved, however, the premature neonate remained at the NICU because of the complexity of the needed care, which requires constant supervision from experienced and skillful personnel. The attention to these cases must be immediate in order to handle the frequent associated pathologies.

Introdução: Os nascimentos prematuros permanecem como um problema perinatal, afeitam entre 5 e 12% dos nascimentos, a principal condição clínica associada a estresse é a Síndrome de Dificuldade Respiratória (SDR), inicia imediatamente no nascimento com dificuldade respiratória progressiva que requer assistência ventilatória e ingresso a Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal (UCIN). Apresenta-se a abordagem de maneira integral a uma recém-nascida de 32 SDG com SDR, em um hospital de segundo nível de atenção, neste aplicou-se o processo enfermeiro. Objetivo: Proporcionar atenção integral e individualizada com cuidados específicos no neonato prematuro, com base na Teoria General do Autocuidado. Método Seleção de paciente a conveniência em UCIN, aplicação da metodologia do processo enfermeiro, valoração baseada nos requerimentos universais de autocuidado. A informação obtida foi a través do expediente clínico, entrevista à mãe e valoração da recém-nascida. Analisaram-se os dados, emitiram-se diagnósticos enfermeiros, executou-se o plano de cuidados fundamentados por artigos científicos e guias de prática clínica. Resultados: Realizaram-se 12 diagnósticos de enfermagem, 10 reais e 2 de risco conforme com os requerimentos de autocuidado universal, identificaram-se os mais alterados: mantimento de um aporte suficiente de ar, água e alimentos, e provisão de cuidados associados com os processos de excreção. Conclusões: Conseguiram-se intervenções independentes e interdependentes; porém, o neonato permaneceu em UCIN devido a que sua atenção é complexa e requer pessoal capacitado com conhecimentos e habilidades fundamentadas para o cuidado. A assistência no prematuro deve ser imediata para a detecção precoce e manejo de patologias frequentes.

Desarrollo de criterios de uso adecuado para la artroscopia de cadera en pacientes con choque femoroacetabular / Development of appropriateness criteria for hip arthroscopy in patients with femoroacetabular impingement

Introducción: El uso de la artroscopia de cadera como tratamiento del choque femoroacetabular (CFA) ha aumentado exponencialmente en los últimos años sin que exista evidencia robusta o consenso sobre los pacientes que se benefician de ella. Objetivo: Elaborar criterios explícitos para la indicación adecuada de la artroscopia de cadera en CFA. Método: Se realizó un panel de expertos con 11 traumatólogos siguiendo el método RAND/UCLA para identificar los criterios de uso adecuado de la artroscopia de cadera en pacientes con CFA. El panel realizó evaluaciones independientes de cada indicación usando una escala de adecuación de nueve puntos, posteriormente se reunió presencialmente para votar usando un proceso iterativo de discusión. Se estudió la influencia de las variables en la puntuación final, utilizando modelos de regresión logística multinomial. Se utilizó el análisis Classification and Regression Tree (CART) para resumir los resultados en forma de árboles de decisión. Resultados: De los 192 escenarios evaluados en la reunión presencial, el 23,4% fue considerado adecuado (acuerdo del 40%), el 26,6% dudoso y el 50% inadecuado (acuerdo del 75%). Las variables más influyentes para considerar adecuado el uso de la artroscopia fueron: clínica articular compatible con test de choque, duración de los síntomas, funcionalidad, edad y escala Hip Outcome Score (HOS). Conclusiones: Hemos desarrollado un conjunto explícito de criterios de uso adecuado de la artroscopia de cadera en CFA mediante el método RAND/UCLA, proporcionando una herramienta que permitiría identificar pacientes potencialmente candidatos a tratamiento quirúrgico mediante cirugía artroscópica de cadera

Introduction: The use of hip arthroscopy as a treatment for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has increased exponentially in recent years without robust evidence or consensus about the patients who benefit from it. Objective: To develop explicit criteria for the appropriate indication of hip arthroscopy in FAI. Method: A panel of experts was formed with 11 traumatologists following the RAND/UCLA method to identify the appropriateness criteria for hip arthroscopy in patients with FAI. The panel made independent evaluations of each indication using a nine-point adequacy scale, then met face-to-face to vote using an iterative discussion process. The influence of the variables on the final score was studied using multinomial logistic regression models. The Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was used to summarize the results in the form of decision trees. Results: Twenty-three point four percent of the 192 scenarios evaluated in the face-to-face meeting was considered appropriate (40% agreement), 26.6% uncertain and 50% inappropriate (75% agreement). The most influential variables in considering the use of arthroscopy appropriate were: joint symptoms compatible with shock test, duration of symptoms, functionality, age and Hip Outcome Score (HOS) scale. Conclusions: We developed an explicit set of criteria for the appropriate use of hip arthroscopy in FAI using the RAND/UCLA method, providing a tool that would identify patients who are potential candidates for surgical treatment using arthroscopic hip surgery

Development of appropriateness criteria for hip arthroscopy in patients with femoroacetabular impingement. / Desarrollo de criterios de uso adecuado para la artroscopia de cadera en pacientes con choque femoroacetabular.

INTRODUCTION: The use of hip arthroscopy as a treatment for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has increased exponentially in recent years without robust evidence or consensus about the patients who benefit from it. OBJECTIVE: To develop explicit criteria for the appropriate indication of hip arthroscopy in FAI. METHOD: A panel of experts was formed with 11 traumatologists following the RAND/UCLA method to identify the appropriateness criteria for hip arthroscopy in patients with FAI. The panel made independent evaluations of each indication using a nine-point adequacy scale, then met face-to-face to vote using an iterative discussion process. The influence of the variables on the final score was studied using multinomial logistic regression models. The Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was used to summarize the results in the form of decision trees. RESULTS: Twenty-three point four percent of the 192 scenarios evaluated in the face-to-face meeting was considered appropriate (40% agreement), 26.6% uncertain and 50% inappropriate (75% agreement). The most influential variables in considering the use of arthroscopy appropriate were: joint symptoms compatible with shock test, duration of symptoms, functionality, age and Hip Outcome Score (HOS) scale. CONCLUSIONS: We developed an explicit set of criteria for the appropriate use of hip arthroscopy in FAI using the RAND/UCLA method, providing a tool that would identify patients who are potential candidates for surgical treatment using arthroscopic hip surgery.

Relationship between lymphocyte DNA fragmentation and dose of iron oxide (Fe2O3) and silicon oxide (SiO2) nanoparticles.

At present, the use of nanoparticles is a controversial topic, especially when analyzing their effects in human tissues. Nanoparticles (NPs) can cause oxidative stress by increasing membrane lipids peroxidation and reactive oxygen species, and decreasing intracellular glutathione. Oxidative stress plays an important role in cell signaling and inflammatory responses. It can result in genotoxicity, affect cell proliferation, and induce DNA damage. The objective of this study is to evaluate the genotoxic potential of NPs in lymphocyte DNA. Wistar female rats (N = 45) were sorted in three randomized groups as follows: Group 1 (N = 20); Group 2 (N = 20) and a control group (N = 5). A single dose of iron oxide (Fe2O3) and silicon oxide (SiO2) NPs dissolved in saline solution were administered orally to the rats. Cardiac puncture was performed to extract peripheral blood for genotoxic analysis. DNA fragmentation for lymphocytes was performed. Control rats showed a fragmentation percentage of 11.20 ± 2.16%. Rats exposed to SiO2 and Fe2O3 NPs for 24 h showed statistically significant differences in DNA fragmentation percentages as compared with that of the control group. A lineal dose-response correlation between genotoxic damage and exposure to SiO2 and Fe2O3 NPs was found (r2 = 0.99 and 0.98 for SiO2 and Fe2O3, respectively). In conclusion, we found that exposure to Fe2O3 and SiO2 NPs can cause DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner.

Higher bone mass in prepubertal and peripubertal female footballers.

OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this study was to compare the bone mass of female football players with controls of different pubertal stages. METHODS: Sixty five girls aged 8-14 years (10.14 ± 0.1, Tanner stages I-IV) participated in the study. Twenty participants were prepubertal (10 prepubertal control) and 45 peripubertal (15 peripubertal control). All footballers trained two days per week while the control group did not perform regular physical activity outside of school. Body composition was assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Analysis of covariance was performed to evaluate differences in lean and bone masses. RESULTS: Significant differences in lower-body extremities lean mass (LLM) between peripubertal groups were found (P < .05). Additionally, prepubertal footballers showed higher values of bone mineral content (BMC) at the femoral neck (P < .05) while peripubertal footballers exhibited enhanced BMC at the whole-body, trochanter and Wards triangle area. Bone mineral density (BMD) was higher in footballers compared to their non-active peers at the femoral neck and intertrochanter (P < .05, respectively) while in the peripubertal footballers higher BMD values were found in almost all of the studied body sites. CONCLUSION: Female footballers showed higher bone and lean masses compared to control counterparts; these differences are already detectable at prepubertal ages and more consistent after pubertal spurt.

THE FIRST TWENTY YEARS (1994-2014) OF OZONE SOUNDINGS FROM RAPA NUI (27°S, 109°W, 51 M A.S.L.).

Ozone (O3) soundings have been performed on Easter Island or Rapa Nui (27°S, 23 109°W, 51 m a.s.l.) since 1994 as part of the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) Programme of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). In this work, we analyze 260 soundings compiled over the period 1994-2014, and make the data available for the international community. We characterize O3 profiles over this remote area of the Pacific by means of statistical analyses that consider, on the one hand, a traditional climatology that describes the data in terms of seasonal cycles based on monthly averages and, on the other hand, a process oriented analysis based on self-organizing maps. Our analyses show the influence of both tropical and subtropical/mid-latitude air masses at Rapa Nui. The former occurs in summer and fall when convective conditions prevail, and the latter in late winter and spring when subsiding conditions are recurrent. The occurrence of stratospheric intrusions in late winter and spring in connection with deep troughs and the presence of the subtropical jet stream is also apparent in the data set. The tropospheric ozone column is in good agreement with the corresponding data derived from satellites but with a systematic overestimate of summer and fall values. We show evidence of an upward trend in ozone near the surface, which suggests the impact of local pollution. We look forward to an enhancement of the Rapa Nui observing site, given its location that offers a privileged position to observe climate change over the sparsely sampled and vast South Pacific Ocean.

The prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among young Mexican women with triple-negative breast cancer.

Various guidelines recommend that women with triple-negative breast cancer should be tested for BRCA1 mutations, but the prevalence of mutations may vary with ethnic group and with geographic region, and the optimal cutoff age for testing has not been established. We estimated the frequencies of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) mutations among 190 women with triple-negative breast cancer, unselected for family history, diagnosed at age 50 or less at a single hospital in Mexico City. Patients were screened for 115 recurrent BRCA mutations, which have been reported previously in women of Hispanic origin, including a common large rearrangement Mexican founder mutation (BRCA1 ex9-12del). A BRCA mutation was detected in 44 of 190 patients with triple-negative breast cancer (23 %). Forty-three mutations were found in BRCA1 and one mutation was found in BRCA2. Seven different mutations accounted for 39 patients (89 % of the total mutations). The Mexican founder mutation (BRCA1 ex9-12del) was found 18 times and accounted for 41 % of all mutations detected. There is a high prevalence of BRCA1 mutations among young triple-negative breast cancer patients in Mexico. Women with triple-negative breast cancer in Mexico should be screened for mutations in BRCA1.

Chylous ascites after retroperitoneal aortocava lymphadenectomy for endometrial cancer: a case report.

This is a case report of chylous ascites after retroperitoneal aortocava lymphadenectomy for endometrial cancer. There are few reports of chylous ascites in gynecologic surgery. Treatment is primarily conservative. The present case was resolved with a low fat diet with medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) supplements and somatostatin IV.

Influence of hard vs. soft ground surfaces on bone accretion in prepubertal footballers.

Information regarding osteogenic effects of physical activity performed on different playing surfaces is scarce. A total of 42 children (9.2±0.2 years, Tanner stages I-II) participated in this study. 14 were playing on artificial turf soft ground (SG), 14 on a natural non-grass hard ground (HG) and 14 were assigned to the sedentary control group (C). Whole body and hip scans (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), anthropometric variables (weight and height) and physical fitness (VO2max) were determined in all participants. Bone mineral content (BMC) values were higher in the SG group compared to the C group at the legs (209.75±5.11 g vs. 187.42±5.14 g, respectively), pelvis (122.72±4.27 g vs. 98.58±4.29 g respectively) and whole-body level (1 126.1±22.81 g vs. 1 035.34±22.92 g, respectively). The hard ground (HG) group also showed higher values in the majority of BMC variables compared to the C group. Additionally, bone mineral density (BMD) was significantly higher at all sites of the hip in both active groups compared to control (P<0.05). No differences between HG and SG were found. In summary, similar bone mass accretion is obtained by prepubescent footballers independently of the surface on which they practice football.

Satisfacción laboral del fisioterapeuta en la sanidad pública de Castilla y León / Job satisfaction of the physiotherapist in the public health care system of Castilla y León

Objetivo: El grado de satisfacción laboral es uno de los indicadores más relevantes respecto de la forma en la que los profesionales sanitarios perciben su entorno laboral. Valorado a través de dimensiones, facilita conocer las fortalezas y las debilidades de cada entidad sanitaria y específicamente de cada gremio profesional. El objetivo de este estudio es medir mediante 13 dimensiones, relacionadas con todos los aspectos del desempeño laboral, la satisfacción de los fisioterapeutas que trabajan en la sanidad pública de la comunidad de Castilla y León, y comparar su valoración con las prioridades reales que ellos estiman más importantes en su trabajo diario. Material y métodos Este estudio se centra en los fisioterapeutas asistenciales públicos de la comunidad de Castilla y León. Para la recogida de datos se ha utilizado un cuestionario basado en el Modelo EFQM. Resultados Los resultados de la matriz de posicionamiento indican que son dimensiones a consolidar las «Condiciones de trabajo», la «Identificación con el trabajo y desarrollo profesional» y el «Clima y ambiente de trabajo». Sin embargo, la «Formación» y el «Reconocimiento en el trabajo» realizado son dimensiones que están en el polo opuesto ya que se encuentran en el área de prioridad de mejora. Conclusiones Creemos que las organizaciones sanitarias deberían implicarse en la formación continuada de los fisioterapeutas; crear indicadores de buen desempeño laboral promoviendo acciones que sirvan de reconocimiento hacia sus trabajadores; establecer las infraestructuras necesarias para implementar los procesos de comunicación y construir patrones de gestión avalados por su efectividad (AU)

Objective: Degree of job satisfaction is one of the most relevant indicators of how health care professionals perceive their work environment. Job satisfaction assessed through dimensions facilitates knowledge about the strengths and weaknesses of each entity and specific to each health care professional association. This study has aimed to measure the satisfaction of physiotherapists working in the public health services in the community of Castilla y León and to compare their assessment with the real priorities that they regard as most important in their daily work using thirteen dimensions related to all aspects of job performance. Material and methods: This study focuses on public care physiotherapists in the community of Castilla y León. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on the EFQM Model. Results: The positioning matrix results indicate that dimensions to consolidate are: ‘‘Working conditions’’, ‘‘Identification with work and professional development’’ and ‘‘Climate and working environment’’. However, ‘‘Professional education’’ and ‘‘Recognition at work’’ are dimensions located at the opposite pole, since they are found in the priority area for improvement. Conclusions: We believe that health care organizations should be involved in continuing education for physiotherapists, creating job performance indicators that promote actions that serve as recognition for their employees; establishing the necessary infrastructures to implement communication processes and building management patterns endorsed by their effectiveness (AU)

Predicción de porcentaje de masa adiposa a través de impedancia bio-eléctrica y método antropométrico / Mass adipose prediction percentage through biolectrical impedance and anthropometric method

Este estudio fue desarrollado con la finalidad de formular una ecuación de predicción de % de masa adiposa en valores antropométricos, a partir, de los valores predeterminados a través del instrumento de bioimpedancia TANITA. Esto basado en la premisa de que cada día ha aumentado la importancia sobre la estimación de la masa adiposa a nivel clínico, por lo cual se evaluó una población de 28 sujetos cuyo rango de edad fluctúa entre los 20-28 años, pertenecientes a la Escuela de Caballería Blindada de la ciudad de Quillota. Se realizaron las mediciones pertinentes para la estimación de masa adiposa a través de la bioimpedancia y la antropometría, cuyos resultados arrojaron diferencias significativas entre ambos métodos, obteniendo un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de 0,34. Esto nos indica que al evaluar los criterios de homocedasticidad, linealidad, para generar una ecuación de estimación, no sería posible...

This case was developed with the objective of makes a prediction equation of adipose mass percent in values anthropometric, to star off the predetermined slant of instruments of impedance bioelectric TANITA. This is based in the premise that every day the importance of estimation about the fat mass in a clinic level, it is getting bigger and bigger, for this reason a population of twenty eight people with age range fluctuate among twenty to twenty eight was evaluated, they were part of "Escuela de Caballería Blindada" in the city of Quillota. The Pertinent measurements for the estimation of fatty mass were realized through of impedance bioelectric and anthropometry, the results made big differences between both methods, obtaining an index of correlation coefficient a 0.13 and a person correlation of 0.34. This suggests that possible creation does not accomplish with the criteria homescedasticity, in brief, this is unsafe...

[Performance of nutritional education programmes to prevent obesity in children through a pilot study in Soria]. / Utilidad de los programas de educación nutricional para prevenir la obesidad infantil a través de un estudio piloto en Soria.

BACKGROUND: Spain has one of the highest rates of childhood obesity in Europe. The Spanish authorities of health have launched some strategies, which among others, includes activities to develop healthier dietary habits in children. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study has been to assess the effectiveness of the nutritional education programmes undertaken to prevent obesity in children through a pilot study in Soria. This has been evaluated through the comparative study of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and anthropometric parameters between two samples of same age schoolchildren at an interval of 10 years. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and BMI was evaluated in two occasional samples of pupils aged between 6 and 9 years, who were attended to 5 public Schools in Soria, during two academic years 1998/ 99 (n=119) and 2008/09 (n=231). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated by the KidMed index. RESULTS: There were no differences in KidMed score between sexes within the same sample. However, there were a significant differences (p<0.0001) in total KidMed socore between the 2008/09 and 1998/99 schoolchildren. The mean BMIs were similar for the boys and girls of the same course, while it was significantly lower (p<0.05) in 2008/09 school children. The Kidmed score was negatively associated with BMI (r=-0.133, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of childhood that showed an upper-middle degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet patterns was higher among 2008-09 pupils. These results suggests that activities coordinated from different agencies in Spain, may be a useful tool for promotion of healthy eating habits in children.

Utilidad de los programas de educación nutricional para prevenir la obesidad infantil a través de un estudio piloto en Soria / Performance of nutritional education programmes to prevent obesity in children through a pilot study in Soria

Introducción: España tiene una de las mayores tasas de obesidad infantil de Europa, por ello las autoridades sanitarias han puesto en marcha actividades para desarrollar hábitos de alimentación saludables entre los escolares. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de los programas de educación nutricional para prevenir la obesidad infantil a través de un estudio piloto en Soria, comparando la adhesión a los patrones de la Dieta Mediterránea y los parámetros antropométricos entre dos muestras de escolares de la misma edad, en un intervalo de 10 años. Sujetos y métodos: Se ha valorado la adhesión a la Dieta Mediterránea, mediante el test KidMed y el IMC en dos muestras de escolares de entre 6 y 9 años que acudían al comedor escolar en 5 Colegios Públicos de Soria, durante los cursos escolares 1998/99 (n = 119) y 2008/09 (n = 231). Resultados: En el índice KidMed no se han encontrado diferencias entre sexos dentro de la misma muestra, pero se ha observado una mejora significativa entre los niños escolarizados en 2008/09 respecto a los encuestados en 1998/99 (p < 0,0001). Los valores del IMC son similares entre niños y niñas del mismo curso, aunque el valor medio es significativamente inferior en los escolarizados en 2008/09 (p < 0,05). El análisis de correlación muestra una asociación negativa entre el índice KidMed y el IMC (r = -0,133, p < 0,05) de todos los encuestados. Conclusiones: La proporción de escolares que presentaba una adhesión media-alta a los patrones de de la Dieta Mediterránea fue superior entre los encuestados en 2008/09 lo que sugiere que las actividades coordinadas por las distintas administraciones sanitarias son una herramienta útil para promocionar buenos hábitos alimentarios entre los escolares (AU)

Background: Spain has one of the highest rates of childhood obesity in Europe. The Spanish authorities of health have launched some strategies, which among others, includes activities to develop healthier dietary habits in children. Objective: The aim of the present study has been to assess the effectiveness of the nutritional education programmes undertaken to prevent obesity in children through a pilot study in Soria. This has been evaluated through the comparative study of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and anthropometric parameters between two samples of same age schoolchildren at an interval of 10 years. Subjects and methods: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and BMI was evaluated in two occasional samples of pupils aged between 6 and 9 years, who were attended to 5 public Schools in Soria, during two academic years 1998/ 99 (n = 119) and 2008/09 (n = 231). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated by the KidMed index. Results: There were no differences in KidMed score between sexes within the same sample. However, there were a significant differences (p < 0.0001) in total KidMed socore between the 2008/09 and 1998/99 schoolchildren. The mean BMIs were similar for the boys and girls of the same course, while it was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in 2008/09 school children. The Kidmed score was negatively associated with BMI (r= -0.133, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The proportion of childhood that showed an upper-middle degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet patterns was higher among 2008-09 pupils. These results suggests that activities coordinated from different agencies in Spain, may be a useful tool for promotion of healthy eating habits in children (AU)