[Review of nutrition and hydration in relation to physical exercise during pregnancy]. / Revisión de la nutrición e hidratación con relación al ejercicio físico en el embarazo.

Introduction: Studies on nutritional recommendations for pregnant women who exercise are scarce. The objective of this article is not to focus on the diet of pregnant women as a whole, but to review those aspects of it that may be related to physical exercise. To this end, the nutritional and hydration recommendations contained in the main clinical practice guides on physical exercise during pregnancy are collected, including the first Spanish guides. Likewise, the energy requirements required by pregnant women who perform physical exercise during pregnancy for adequate gestational weight gain are addressed, aspects related to macronutrients in the aforementioned population group, and two specific topics, such as nutritional needs in the adolescent who practices physical exercise during pregnancy and eating disorders in pregnant athletes It is concluded by stating that pregnant women who exercise regularly should eat a varied and balanced diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, avoid long periods of fasting to avoid the appearance of hypoglycemia and maintain adequate fluid intake before, during and after physical exercise. Pregnant adolescents who engage in physical exercise require nutritional supervision to achieve adequate gestational weight gain. The pregnant athlete with an eating disorder has a higher risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth, gynecological, fetal and neonatal, and, therefore, requires close monitoring by specialists in maternal-fetal medicine.

Introducción: Los estudios sobre recomendaciones nutricionales para la embarazada que realiza ejercicio físico son escasos. El objetivo de este artículo no es centrarnos en la dieta de la embarazada de forma global, sino revisar aquellos aspectos de la misma que pueden tener relación con el ejercicio físico. Para ello, se recogen las recomendaciones nutricionales y sobre hidratación contenidas en las principales guías de práctica clínica sobre ejercicio físico durante el embarazo, incluyendo las primeras guías españolas. Así mismo, se abordan los requerimientos energéticos que precisan las gestantes que realizan ejercicio físico durante el embarazo para una ganancia de peso gestacional adecuada, aspectos relacionados con los macronutrientes en el citado grupo de población, y dos temas específicos, como son las necesidades nutricionales en la adolescente que practica ejercicio físico durante su embarazo y los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en deportistas embarazadas. Se concluye afirmando que las embarazadas que realizan ejercicio físico de forma regular deben llevar una dieta variada y equilibrada, como es la dieta mediterránea, eludir períodos largos de ayuno para evitar la aparición de hipoglucemias y mantener una adecuada ingesta de líquidos antes, durante y después del ejercicio físico. Las adolescentes embarazadas que realizan ejercicio físico requieren una supervisión nutricional para que alcancen una ganancia de peso gestacional adecuada. La deportista embarazada con un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria tiene un mayor riesgo de complicaciones durante el embarazo y parto, ginecológicas, fetales y neonatales, y, por tanto, requiere un estrecho seguimiento por especialistas en medicina maternofetal.

Recomendaciones prácticas sobre ejercicio físico durante el embarazo basadas en las principales guías de práctica clínica / Practical recommendations on physical exercise during pregnancy based on the main clinical practice guidelines

Las principales guías de actividad física/ejercicio durante el embarazo recomiendan que todas las mujeres embarazadas sin contraindicaciones médicas u obstétricas se mantengan activas físicamente durante la gestación, con el objetivo de conseguir beneficios para su salud y, al mismo tiempo, reducir la posibilidad de complicaciones durante el embarazo. El objetivo de este artículo fue extraer las recomendaciones prácticas sobre ejercicio físico durante el embarazo, de interés para el médico de atención primaria (AP), de las guías de práctica clínica de tres sociedades internacionales de obstetricia y ginecología de reconocido prestigio y gran influencia internacional en este tema, dos de ellas pioneras en la elaboración de este tipo de recomendaciones: el Colegio Americano de Obstetricia y Ginecología y la Sociedad Canadiense de Obstetricia y Ginecología; y el Real Colegio de Obstetras y Ginecólogos de Australia y Nueva Zelanda, junto con la publicada por la Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia.(AU)

The main guidelines for physical activity/exercise during pregnancy recommend that all pregnant women without medical or obstetric contraindications remain physically active during pregnancy, in order to achieve health benefits and, at the same time, reduce the possibility of complications during pregnancy. The objective of this article was to extract the practical recommendations on physical exercise during pregnancy, of interest to the primary care physician, from the clinical practice guidelines of three international societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology of recognized prestige and great international influence on this subject, two of them pioneers in the elaboration of this type of recommendations: the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada; and the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, together with the one published by the Spanish Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics.(AU)

[Practical recommendations on physical exercise during pregnancy based on the main clinical practice guidelines]. / Recomendaciones prácticas sobre ejercicio físico durante el embarazo basadas en las principales guías de práctica clínica.

The main guidelines for physical activity/exercise during pregnancy recommend that all pregnant women without medical or obstetric contraindications remain physically active during pregnancy, in order to achieve health benefits and, at the same time, reduce the possibility of complications during pregnancy. The objective of this article was to extract the practical recommendations on physical exercise during pregnancy, of interest to the primary care physician, from the clinical practice guidelines of three international societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology of recognized prestige and great international influence on this subject, two of them pioneers in the elaboration of this type of recommendations: the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada; and the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, together with the one published by the Spanish Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics.

Caminar durante el embarazo: la actividad física preferida por las embarazadas / Walking during pregnancy: the physical activity preferred by pregnant women

Caminar durante el embarazo, la actividad física preferida entre las mujeres embarazadas, tiene múltiples beneficios para la salud del binomio materno - fetal en comparación con otras modalidades de actividad física. El no requerir tanto esfuerzo, la facilidad de ejecución, posibilidad de interacción social y de integrarse de manera muy significativa en algunas actividades, como los desplazamientos y las actividades ocupacionales, cuando a las embarazadas les es imposible realizar actividad física en su tiempo libre, son algunas de las ventajas que la convierten en la elegida por la mayor parte de las embarazadas. La falta de tiempo, las molestias físicas, la fatiga o la falta de energía, son algunos de los factores que impiden caminar a las gestantes. Dados los múltiples beneficios que tiene caminar para las embarazadas, las autoridades sanitarias deberían fomentar campañas de concienciación que promovieran la importancia de la práctica de actividad física por las mujeres embarazadas, entre las cuales, debería estar muy presente caminar.

Walking during pregnancy, the preferred physical activity among pregnant women, has multiple health benefits for the maternalfetal pairing compared to other forms of physical activity. Not requiring so much effort, the ease of execution, the possibility of social interaction and of integrating in a very significant way in some activities, such as travel and occupational activities, when it is impossible for pregnant women to perform physical activity in their free time, are some of the advantages that make it the one chosen by most pregnant women. Lack of time, physical discomfort, fatigue or lack of energy are some of the factors that prevent pregnant women from walking. Given the multiple benefits that walking has for pregnant women, health authorities should promote awareness campaigns that promote the importance of practicing physical activity by pregnant women, among whom walking should be very present.

Sports injuries and illnesses during the Granada Winter Universiade 2015.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the incidence of diseases and injuries suffered by athletes participating in the 27th Winter Sports Universiade held in Granada, Spain. METHODS: The daily occurrence of injuries and diseases was registered at the point of first aid (Borreguiles, 2665 metres above sea level (masl)) and in the clinic of Pradollano (2017 masl), both in Sierra Nevada, as well as in medical services provided by the organising committee of Granada 2015 Universiade and located in sport pavilions in which indoor competitions are held. RESULTS: A total of 1109 athletes (650 men, 58.61%; 459 women, 41.39%). Nine diseases and 68 injuries were recorded. In total, the rate of injury was 6.13% (7.07% for men and 4.79% for women). The percentage of injury was highest in alpine skiing (10.34%) followed by freestyle skiing (8.62%). In relation to the time of exposure, freestyle skiing showed the shortest time of exposure (0.31 hours) before suffering an injury. Short track speed skating showed the longest exposure (9.80 hours), before suffering an injury. The most common anatomical areas of injury were the head, shoulder and knee (13.23%). Only nine diseases were suffered (four women and five men) of which six were infections, one was a friction burn, one was a lipothymy and one a cluster headache due to height. CONCLUSION: In general, 6.13% of the athletes sustained at least one injury and 0.81% a disease, which is a much lower percentage than that recorded in similar events. The incidence of injuries and diseases varied among sport specialities.