RESUMEN
Many viruses alter different stages of apoptosis of infected cells as a strategy for successful infection. Few studies have addressed mechanisms of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) strain-induced cell death. We investigated the effect of an abortigenic strain (AR8 strain) on heterologous Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells and homologous equine dermis (ED) cells cell lines. We compared morphologic and biochemical features of early and late apoptosis at different postinfection times. We investigated translocation of phosphatidylserine to the cell surface, nuclear fragmentation and changes in the cytoskeleton using flow cytometry and annexin V/propidium iodide staining, DNA laddering, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase UTP nick-end labeling assay and immunofluorescence staining of cytokeratin 18 cleavage. AR8 EVH-1 strain interfered with apoptosis in both cell lines, particularly during the middle stage of the replication cycle; this was more evident in ED cells. Although this antiapoptotic effect has been reported for other alpha herpesviruses, our findings may help elucidate how EHV-1 improves its infectivity during its cycle.
Asunto(s)
Herpesvirus Équido 1/patogenicidad , Replicación Viral , Animales , Apoptosis , Bovinos , Células Cultivadas , Citometría de Flujo , Herpesvirus Équido 1/ultraestructura , Riñón/citología , Riñón/virología , Microscopía Electrónica de TransmisiónRESUMEN
The glycoprotein (G-protein) of rabies virus is responsible for viral attachment to the host cell surface and induces virus neutralization antibodies. In the present study, the G-protein gene of rabies virus CVS strain was cloned, sequenced and expressed in the yeast, Pichia pastoris, as a secreted protein, using a simplified DO-stat control feeding strategy. This strategy involves the addition of methanol when the dissolved oxygen (DO) level rises above the setpoint avoiding methanol accumulation and oxygen limitation. The G-protein expression was evaluated by SDS-PAGE, ELISA, and western blot assays. Like native G-protein, the recombinant G-protein was found reactive when it was challenged against specific antibodies. The data indicate that the recombinant G-protein can be easily expressed and isolated, and may be useful as a safe source in the production of diagnostic kits and subunit vaccines to prevent rabies.
Asunto(s)
Pichia/metabolismo , Virus de la Rabia/genética , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral , Pichia/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/biosíntesis , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/biosíntesis , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/química , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/genéticaRESUMEN
This study describes the changes observed in the placentas of mice experimentally infected with an abortigenic strain of EHV-1 at mid-pregnancy and euthanized at days 3 and 4 post-infection. We analyzed microscopic vascular alterations, cell proliferation and death by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α and the IL-10 by qPCR and flow cytometry. Infected mice showed slight respiratory signs and ruffled fur during the first two days post-infection. Virus isolation and DNA detection were positive only in the lungs of the infected mice. Vascular congestion, increase in the labyrinth area, and a significant reduction in fetal capillary endothelium surface of infected placentas were found. Cell proliferation was significantly reduced in the infected placentas, whereas the apoptosis was significantly increased. IL10, TNF and IFN-γ showed different expression in the infected placentas and uteri. The effects of EHV-1 during pregnancy depend on different pathogenic mechanisms in which vascular alterations, and cell death and proliferation and local cytokine changes are compromised.
Asunto(s)
Aborto Veterinario/patología , Muerte Celular , Proliferación Celular , Citocinas/genética , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Aborto Veterinario/virología , Animales , Citocinas/metabolismo , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/patología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Herpesvirus Équido 1/fisiología , Interferón gamma/genética , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/genética , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Placenta/patología , Placenta/virología , Embarazo , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Organismos Libres de Patógenos Específicos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Útero/patología , Útero/virologíaRESUMEN
Vaginal infections with Candida spp. frequently occur in women of childbearing age. A small proportion of these women experience recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC), which is characterized by at least three episodes of infection in one year. In addition to known risk factors such as antibiotics, diabetes, or pregnancy, host genetic variation and inflammatory pathways such as the IL-1/Th17 axis have been reported to play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of RVVC. In this study, we assessed a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the NLRP3 gene that encodes a component of the inflammasome, processing the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1ß and IL-18. A total of 270 RVVC patients and 583 healthy controls were analyzed, and increased diseases susceptibility was associated with the presence of the 12/9 genotype. Furthermore, functional studies demonstrate that IL-1ß production at the vaginal surface is higher in RVVC patients bearing the 12/9 genotype compared to controls, whereas IL-1Ra levels were decreased and IL-18 levels remained unchanged. These findings suggest that IL-1ß-mediated hyperinflammation conveyed by the NLRP3 gene plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of RVVC and may identify this pathway as a potential therapeutic target in the disease.
Asunto(s)
Candidiasis Vulvovaginal/genética , Candidiasis Vulvovaginal/microbiología , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Repeticiones de Minisatélite , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/genética , Alelos , Candidiasis Vulvovaginal/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Citocinas/metabolismo , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , IntronesRESUMEN
Periodontitis (PD) is a chronic disease caused by the host inflammatory response to bacteria colonizing the oral cavity. In addition to tolerance to oral microbiome, a fine-tuned balance of IL-10 levels is critical to efficiently mount antimicrobial resistance without causing immunopathology. Clinical and animal studies support that adaptive T-helper (Th) cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of alveolar bone destruction in PD. However, it remains unclear what type of Th response is related to human PD progression and what role IL-10 has on this process. We addressed the contribution of IL-10 in limiting Th1 and Th17 inflammatory response in murine and human PD. Through a combination of basic and translational approaches involving selected cytokine-deficient mice as well as human genetic epidemiology, our results demonstrate the requirement for IL-10 in fine-tuning the levels of Th17 (IL-17A and IL-17F) cytokines in experimental and human PD. Of novelty, we found that IL-17F correlated with protection in murine and human PD and was positively regulated by IL-10. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the protective role for IL-17F in PD, its positive regulation by IL-10, and the potential differential role for IL-17A and IL-17F in periodontal disease.
Asunto(s)
Citocinas/inmunología , Interleucina-10/inmunología , Enfermedades Periodontales/inmunología , Células Th17/inmunología , Animales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Humanos , Interleucina-10/biosíntesis , Ratones , Factor 88 de Diferenciación Mieloide/fisiología , Receptor Toll-Like 2/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Equine herpesvirus (EHV)-1 induces respiratory infection, neurological disorders and abortion in horses. Most of the currently available attenuated or inactivated vaccines against this infection are administered intramuscularly and only provide partial protection against the respiratory disease. The present study examines the effect of intranasal immunization with purified EHV-1 recombinant glycoprotein D (gD) in BALB/c mice followed by challenge with three different EHV-1 strains during early to mid-pregnancy. The induced viral infection was evaluated by virus isolation, DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction, histopathology and immunohistochemical localization of antigen in the lung, placenta and uterus. Non-immunized mice showed clinical signs of infection, positive virus isolation from lungs and uteri, and abortion induced by one of the virus strains. Endometrial lesions developed in some of these animals that have been described previously only in horses. Immunized mice and their offspring had no viral infection or typical lesions. Intranasally administered gD therefore induced partial or complete protection against three different EHV-1 strains in BALB/c mice.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Herpesvirus Équido 1 , Vacunación/métodos , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/administración & dosificación , Administración Intranasal , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/prevención & control , Inmunohistoquímica , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Embarazo , Proteínas Recombinantes/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Pollination is critical for food production and has the particularity of linking natural ecosystems with agricultural production systems. Recently, losses of bumblebee species have been reported worldwide. In this study, samples from a commercial exploitation of bumblebees of Argentina with a recent history of deaths were studied using a multiplex PCR for the detection of the honey bee viruses most frequently detected in South America. All samples analysed were positive for co-infections with Deformed wing virus, Black queen cell virus and Sacbrood virus. This is the first report of infection of Bombus atratus with honey bee viruses. A better understanding of viral infections in bumblebees and of the epidemiology of viruses could be of great importance as bumblebees can serve as possible viral reservoirs, resulting in pathogen spillover towards honey bees and native bumblebees.
A polinização é essencial para a produção de alimentos e tem como particularidade a conexão entre os ecossistemas naturais com sistemas de produção agrícola. Recentemente, as perdas de espécies de bumblebee em todo o mundo têm sido relatadas. Neste trabalho, amostras de uma exploração comercial de bumblebee da Argentina, com recente história de mortes foram estudadas utilizando uma Multiplex PCR para a detecção de vírus de abelha mais frequentemente detectados na América do Sul. Todas as amostras analisadas foram positivas para as co-infecções com Deformed wing virus, Black queen cell viruses e Sacbrood virus. Este trabalho descreve o primeiro relato de infecção de Bombus atratus com vírus de abelhas. Uma melhor compreensão das infecções virais em bumblebee e da epidemiologia dos vírus poderia ser de grande importância, uma vez que tais abelhas podem servir como reservatório viral, com possível repercussão tanto na produtividade de abelhas melíferas como afetando-as diretamente.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Abejas/virología , Coinfección/veterinaria , Polinización , Virosis/veterinariaRESUMEN
Bovine herpesvirus (BoHV) type 1.1 (BoHV-1.1) causes repeated outbreaks of upper respiratory disease and abortion in cattle. The systemic effects of BoHV-1.1 in rabbits, using intranasal inoculation are reported. Female rabbits were divided into four groups and inoculated with the virus 10 days before mating, and at 15 or 22 days of pregnancy. Studies of the clinical signs, antibody production, virus isolation, and DNA detection as well as histological and immunohistochemical studies were carried out on lungs, kidneys, spleen, placentas, uteri and foetal tissues. All virus-inoculated animals developed respiratory clinical signs and a humoral response. BoHV-1.1 was isolated from nasal swabs and plasma rich in leukocytes, and viral DNA was detected in blood, dead foetuses and placentas. Histopathological lesions were found in the respiratory tract and some placentas and foetuses were immunohistochemically positive. Intranasal inoculation might be useful to study the systemic effects of BoHV-1.1 infection in the rabbit model.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Herpesvirus Bovino 1 , Conejos , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Femenino , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Pulmón/patología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Embarazo , Cornetes Nasales/patologíaRESUMEN
Mice are commonly used as an experimental model to investigate the Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infection. This model easily reproduces the disease, and the clinical signs are more or less similar to those observed in the horse, the natural host. During natural infection, the acute course of respiratory infection is mandatory for the development of adaptive immune response. Since interactions between EHV-1 and anesthetics are possible, the study investigated whether the early events of murine pulmonary immune response could be affected by different anesthetics. Therefore, mice were experimentally infected with a unique EHV-1 strain under the effects of ether, ketamine/xylazine, or isoflurane. Clinical signs and histopathological lesions in the lungs were described, and the cell death and proliferation rates of sham-inoculated or infected animals were quantified using immunohistochemistry. Clinical signs were more severe in animals anesthetized with ether. Qualitative differences in the recruited inflammatory cells were observed following application of anesthesia. The level of infection between the infected groups was not statistically significant. However, lungs from ketamine/xylazine-anesthetized animals showed the highest cell death rates, whereas those from isoflurane-anesthetized animals showed the highest proliferation rates. It has been emphasized that anesthetics alone or their interactions with EHV-1 modify the response against the infection. An appropriate selection of the anesthetic during experimental studies is relevant to minimize wrong conclusions.
Asunto(s)
Anestésicos/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/inmunología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/patología , Herpesvirus Équido 1 , Pulmón/patología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunohistoquímica , Isoflurano , Ketamina , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , XilazinaRESUMEN
Pollination is critical for food production and has the particularity of linking natural ecosystems with agricultural production systems. Recently, losses of bumblebee species have been reported worldwide. In this study, samples from a commercial exploitation of bumblebees of Argentina with a recent history of deaths were studied using a multiplex PCR for the detection of the honey bee viruses most frequently detected in South America. All samples analysed were positive for co-infections with Deformed wing virus, Black queen cell virus and Sacbrood virus. This is the first report of infection of Bombus atratus with honey bee viruses. A better understanding of viral infections in bumblebees and of the epidemiology of viruses could be of great importance as bumblebees can serve as possible viral reservoirs, resulting in pathogen spillover towards honey bees and native bumblebees.
Asunto(s)
Abejas/virología , Virus de Insectos/genética , Animales , Argentina , Abejas/clasificación , Coinfección , Electroforesis en Gel de Agar , Virus de Insectos/clasificación , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Virus ARN/genéticaRESUMEN
Relatam-se o primeiro isolamento de herpesvirus canino 1 (CaHV-1) e a localização atípica das lesões vesiculares associadas a este vírus na Argentina. A amostra foi recuperada de lesões vesiculares, localizadas na parte interna da coxa direita, em uma fêmea de raça Labrador. A cadela tinha quatro anos de idade e era de propriedade privada. O primeiro diagnóstico foi realizado pela reação em cadeia da polimerase e, posteriormente, o vírus foi isolado e sua identificação confirmada por imunofluorescência indireta e pelo teste de neutralização viral.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Perros , Herpesvirus Cánido 1/aislamiento & purificación , Signos y Síntomas , Argentina , Perros/virología , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
The Kilham rat virus (KRV) is a parvovirus originally isolated from a rat sarcoma in the late 1950s. The clinical signs associated with a natural KRV infection include foetal resorption in dams, runting, ataxia, cerebellar hypoplasia and jaundice in suckling rats, and sudden death, scrotal cyanosis, abdominal swelling and dehydration in juvenile rats. The ability of this virus to produce persistent infections has resulted in a high frequency of contamination of cell cultures and transplantable-tumor system. In addition, the virus may interfere with research in other ways. The remarkable resistance to environmental conditions determines the importance of the detection and control of this agent, especially in the laboratory animal production. This study determines the seroprevalence of Kilham antibodies from sera of adult rats from conventional facilities, using the haemagglutination inhibition test. The seroprevalence varied between 27.8% and 75%. This result confirms that the virus is circulating in Argentinean conventional facilities and might be interfering with research. The recognized Kilham virus may be prevented from supply sources by implementing a health monitoring schedule including a regular serological surveillance, and by keeping the animals under barrier systems.
Asunto(s)
Animales de Laboratorio/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/veterinaria , Parvovirus/inmunología , Ratas/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Roedores/epidemiología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Argentina/epidemiología , Pruebas de Inhibición de Hemaglutinación , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/inmunología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Enfermedades de los Roedores/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Roedores/virología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Organismos Libres de Patógenos EspecíficosRESUMEN
This work reports a method for rapid amplification of the complete genome of equine influenza virus subtype 2 (H3N8). A ThermoScript reverse transcriptase instead of the avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase or Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase was used. This enzyme has demonstrated higher thermal stability and is described as suitable to make long cDNA with a complex secondary structure. The product obtained by this method can be cloned, used in later sequencing reactions or nested-PCR with the purpose of achieving a rapid diagnosis and characterization of the equine influenza virus type A. This detection assay might be a valuable tool for diagnosis and screening of field samples as well as for conducting molecular studies.
Asunto(s)
Genoma Viral , Subtipo H3N8 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/métodos , Animales , Secuencia de Consenso , Secuencia Conservada , Subtipo H3N8 del Virus de la Influenza A/clasificación , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/virología , ARN Viral/genética , ADN Polimerasa Dirigida por ARN , Alineación de Secuencia , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido NucleicoRESUMEN
Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is a major cause of epidemic abortion, neonatal mortality, respiratory disease and neurological disorders in horses. In South America, the virus has been isolated in Brazil, Argentina and Colombia. In Chile pathological findings from one aborted foetus have been reported, and in Uruguay only serological data about EHV-1 activity have been found. Some pathological findings were reported in Uruguay several years ago, but these data have never been officially confirmed. The present work describes the relevant findings of a study of EHV-1 infections in the Uruguayan equine population using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histological and immunohistochemical analysis techniques. The sequence analysis of a portion of the glycoprotein C gene amplified by PCR confirmed EHV-1 activity. The real-time PCR revealed the association of the virus with the non-neuropathogenic genotype. This study describes for the first time the immunohistochemical and molecular detection of EHV-1 in Uruguay.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Herpesvirus Équido 1/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Inmunohistoquímica/veterinaria , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Feto Abortado/patología , Feto Abortado/virología , Aborto Veterinario/virología , Animales , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/microbiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/patología , Herpesvirus Équido 1/genética , Enfermedades de los Caballos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/patología , Caballos , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/diagnóstico , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/microbiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/patología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/veterinaria , UruguayRESUMEN
Equid Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) has long been causally implicated in the occurrence of abortion, neonatal death, respiratory disease, and neurological disorders in horses. This study analyzed for the first time the characteristics of the genomic section of Argentinian EHV-1 strains and reconstructed the phylogeny in order to establish their origin. The phylogenetic dataset included 22 Argentinian strains and four additional reference strains isolated in other countries. The intergenic region between ORF 62 and ORF 63 was amplified by PCR and sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis carried out by parsimony algorithms showed that six of the Argentinian strains had the same origin as British and Japanese strains. The mapping of symptoms caused by EHV-1 suggested that neonatal disease developed through convergent evolution, which would constitute an adaptation mechanism of the virus. This study constitutes the first analysis carried out in South-American strains that establishes the phylogenetic relationship between Argentinian strains and rebuilds the evolutionary history of symptoms. This study focuses on a very important aspect of evolution of Herpesviridae infecting perissodactyls and attempts to shed light on the evolution of symptoms, an issue of high clinical interest.
Asunto(s)
Herpesvirus Équido 1/clasificación , Herpesvirus Équido 1/genética , Filogenia , Animales , Argentina , Análisis por Conglomerados , ADN Viral/química , ADN Viral/genética , Herpesvirus Équido 1/aislamiento & purificación , Caballos , Epidemiología Molecular , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido NucleicoRESUMEN
This report describes an alternative technique to inoculate rabbits and to reproduce infection by Bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5. First, the nostrils are anaesthetized by aspersion with local anaesthetic. A few seconds later, and after proving the insensitivity of the zone, the rabbits are put on their back legs with their nostrils upwards and the inoculum is introduced slowly into each nostril by using disposable droppers. Clinical signs, viral isolation from nasal swabs, histological lesions found, positive polymerase chain reaction and antibodies production confirm the infection. This very simple and bloodless technique, where the animals are exposed to minor distress, may be useful for evaluating the virulence of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 strains, to study the establishment of latent virus infection and to test the potential of experimental vaccines or properties of antiviral drugs. It may be also suitable for experimental infection with other respiratory viruses in this animal model.
Asunto(s)
Encefalitis Viral/virología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/crecimiento & desarrollo , Herpesvirus Bovino 5/crecimiento & desarrollo , Meningoencefalitis/virología , Virología/métodos , Administración Intranasal , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Encefalitis Viral/fisiopatología , Femenino , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/fisiopatología , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/aislamiento & purificación , Herpesvirus Bovino 5/aislamiento & purificación , Hígado/patología , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Meningoencefalitis/fisiopatología , Nariz/virología , ConejosRESUMEN
This paper describes the isolation and characterisation of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) in Colombia. The virus was isolated from a nasal swab and an aborted foetus of a pregnant mare imported from Argentina, with clinical signs of rhinopneumonitis. The new strain was characterised through culture and morphological, serological and immunocytochemical studies. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA restriction maps revealed an EHV-1 1P genome. This is the first report on the isolation and characterisation of EHV-1 in Colombia.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Herpesvirus Équido 1/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Caballos/virología , Feto Abortado/virología , Aborto Veterinario/virología , Animales , Colombia/epidemiología , ADN Viral/análisis , Femenino , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/epidemiología , Caballos , Inmunohistoquímica/veterinaria , Pruebas de Neutralización/veterinaria , EmbarazoRESUMEN
Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) was first isolated in Argentina in 1979. This strain SPv has special restriction patterns, but a previous study demonstrated that SPv did not modify its growth in cell culture. In addition, it showed low virulence in the mouse respiratory model consistently with results found in female BALB/C at different state of gestation. This study evaluates in a mouse respiratory model, if primary infection with SPv strain protects animals from subsequent challenge with a pathogenic strain. Body weight loss was not observed in mice intranasally inoculated with SPv strain and challenged with HH1 Japanese strain. The SPv primary infection does not completely prevent clinical presentation by HH1 infection but the SPv inoculated animals recovered more quickly, with less intense and less persistent histological lesions. The challenge infection caused a rapid and prolonged increase in anti-EHV-1 antibodies in the mice previously infected with SPv, along with a more rapid reduction of viral titres in lungs. In this work it was demonstrated that this EHV-1 strain constitute a good immunogen. These results show that this SPv strain could be considered to produce an EHV-1 vaccine.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Herpesvirus Équido 1/genética , Herpesvirus Équido 1/patogenicidad , Enfermedades de los Caballos/virología , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Argentina , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Caballos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Distribución Aleatoria , Especificidad de la Especie , Organismos Libres de Patógenos Específicos , Virulencia/genéticaRESUMEN
To determine the genomic variation of equine herpesviruses (EHVs) isolated in Argentina between 1979 and the first half of 2004, DNA sequences from all 69 strains isolated were analysed. Sixty strains were recovered from aborted fetuses, one from leucocyte-rich plasma from a horse with respiratory signs and eight from cases of neonatal disease. The DNA was extracted from rabbit kidney epithelial (RK13) cells infected with each strain and digested with three restriction endonucleases (BamHI, Bg/II and KpnI). Two strains could be differentiated using BamHI restriction and were assigned to the EHV-1 1B prototype group. Only one of these two strains was typed EHV-1 1B with Bg/II. DNA digestion with KpnI was ineffective. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the EHV-1 1B genome has been present in Argentina since at least 1996. The finding of two strains with this electropherotype suggests that there is genomic heterogeneity among Argentinian isolates.
Asunto(s)
Aborto Veterinario/virología , ADN Viral/análisis , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Herpesvirus Équido 1/genética , Enfermedades de los Caballos/virología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/veterinaria , Animales , Argentina/epidemiología , Secuencia de Bases , Enzimas de Restricción del ADN , Femenino , Variación Genética , Genoma , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Herpesvirus Équido 1/clasificación , Herpesvirus Équido 1/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Caballos/epidemiología , Caballos , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/epidemiología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/virología , Mapeo Restrictivo/métodos , Mapeo Restrictivo/veterinariaRESUMEN
The equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) was isolated in Argentina from an aborted equine foetus in 1979. This virus (SPv) has special restriction patterns (RP) in comparison with other Argentine isolates. In addition, SPv could be distinguished on the basis of its pathogenicity in baby mice inoculated intracerebrally. We studied the growth properties of the SPv in cell culture and its effects in a mouse respiratory and abortion model. We observed that SPv did not modify its capacity to grow in cell culture with respect to reference HH1 strain. Nevertheless, we found significant differences between the titres of the two strains at 8-14 h post-infection (PI). In this work we demonstrated that SPv showed low virulence in female at different stages of gestation, consistently, with results found in the mouse respiratory model. We considered that this low virulence of SPv could be related to its RP because the RP of HH1 strain are similar to those of the HVS25A strain and both showed effect on pregnant mice. More specific studies about genomic alterations to the SPv are necessary for identifying, more clearly, if the intra-strain variations have relation with the low virulence in the mouse respiratory and abortion model.