Validation of two field tests to determine maximum oxygen consumption in university students at high altitude / Validación de dos test de campo para determinar el consumo máximo de oxígeno en estudiantes universitarios en una altura elevada

Abstract Introduction: Various research has used field tests to establish cardiorespiratory fitness from VO.max obtained; however, under high altitude conditions there may be variations that influence the behavior of this variable untrained and untrained healthy subjects. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the VO.max obtained by means of two field tests: Cooper Run Test and Shuttle Run Test 20 meters (CRT and SRT-20m) and the values obtained by ergospirometry in trained university students above 2600 masl. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study;30 trained subjects (8 women 22 men) participated, with ± an average age of 19.0 to 2.2 years for women and 20.1 ± to 2.1 years for men. A one-way variance analysis was applied; a post hoc analysis was subsequently performed with the Games-Howell procedure which is most powerful in small samples (p<0.01). Results: No significant differences were founding the VO.max mean for SRT-20m and the direct method, however, with respect to the CRT, differences were presented (p <0.01), reflecting the higher accuracy of the SRT-20m test to estimate the VO.max in the sample evaluated. Conclusions: Our results suggested that SRT-20m predicted VO.max closely to data reported in ergospirometry in both men and women living at high altitude. Additional research with larger sample sizes is warranted. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(1): 19-26.

Resumen Introducción: Diversas investigaciones han empleado las pruebas de campo con la finalidad de establecer el fitness cardiorrespiratorio a partir del VO.máx obtenido; no obstante, en condiciones de gran altitud pueden existir variaciones que influencien el comportamiento de esta variable en sujetos sanos entrenados y no entrenados. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el VO.max obtenido mediante dos pruebas de campo: Cooper Run Test y Shuttle Run Test 20 metros (CRT y SRT-20m) y los valores obtenidos mediante ergoespirometría. Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal; participaron 30 sujetos entrenados (8 mujeres 22 hombres), con una edad promedio de 19,0 ± 2,2 años para las mujeres y 20,1 ± 2,1 años para los hombres. Se aplicó un análisis de varianza de una vía; posteriormente se realizó un análisis post hoc con el procedimiento de Games-Howell, que es más poderoso en muestras pequeñas (p<0.01). Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la media del VO.max para SRT-20m y el método directo, sin embargo, con respecto al CRT, se presentaron diferencias (p <0.01), reflejando la mayor precisión de la prueba SRT-20m para estimar el VO.max. en la muestra evaluada. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados sugirieron que SRT-20m predijo los valores de VO.máx de manera cercana a los datos reportados en ergoespirometría tanto en hombres como en mujeres que habitan a gran altitud. Se justifica la investigación adicional con tamaños de muestra más grandes. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(1): 19-26

Conocimientos y prácticas de autocuidado en jugadores de rugby / Self-care knowledge and practices in rugby players

Introducción: la alta exigencia física y riesgo de lesiones presentes en el rugby hacen necesario el desarrollo de estrategias encaminadas a promover el bienestar del jugador dentro y fuera del terreno de juego; entre ellas, el autocuidado cobra especial importancia. Objetivo: identificar los conocimientos, prácticas y determinantes del autocuidado en jugadores de rugby en Bogotá, Colombia. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas con seis informantes clave-jugadores y un informante general (fisioterapeuta). El análisis de datos se realizó fundamentado en la Teoría del Autocuidado de Orem. Resultados: los jugadores reconocen la relación de autocuidado con la prevención de lesiones y mejor rendimiento deportivo. Ellos asumen el riesgo de lesiones durante su práctica si contribuyen al triunfo de su equipo. La cultura del deporte y la escasez de recursos asociada a la práctica aficionada son determinantes del autocuidado. Conclusiones: se encuentran algunas nociones sobre autocuidado, sin embargo, existen prácticas derivadas de los recursos disponibles y la cultura deportiva donde el deseo de jugar se sobrepone al bienestar físico y el cuidado de la salud. Es necesario realizar más estudios que permitan comprender las dinámicas y necesidades grupales con el fin de generar estrategias que promuevan un entorno favorable para las prácticas de autocuidado en estos jugadores(AU)

Introduction: The high physical demands and risk of injury related to rugby practice make necessary the development of strategies addressed to promote the player´s welfare inside and outside of the playing field, among them, self-care becomes especially important. Objective: To identify the self-care´s knowledge, practices and determinants in rugby players in Bogota, Colombia. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with six players and one Physiotherapist. Data analysis was performed under the vision of the Theory of Self-Care proposed by Orem. Results: The players relate the concept of self-care to the prevention of injuries and better athletic performance. They assume the risk of injury linked to the sports practice if that contributes to team success. Sports culture and limited resources associated with the amateur practice are determinants of self-care. Conclusions: There are some notions of self-care between the Rugby players. However, their practices are derived from the available resources and sports´ culture, where the desire to play overcomes physical well-being and health care. Further studies that allow the understanding of the dynamics and group needs in order to generate strategies to promote a favourable environment for self-care practices in these players are required(AU)

Association between baseline abundance of Peptoniphilus, a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus, and wound healing outcomes of DFUs.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) lead to nearly 100,000 lower limb amputations annually in the United States. DFUs are colonized by complex microbial communities, and infection is one of the most common reasons for diabetes-related hospitalizations and amputations. In this study, we examined how DFU microbiomes respond to initial sharp debridement and offloading and how the initial composition associates with 4 week healing outcomes. We employed 16S rRNA next generation sequencing to perform microbial profiling on 50 samples collected from 10 patients with vascularized neuropathic DFUs. Debrided wound samples were obtained at initial visit and after one week from two DFU locations, wound bed and wound edge. Samples of the foot skin outside of the wounds were also collected for comparison. We showed that DFU wound beds are colonized by a greater number of distinct bacterial phylotypes compared to the wound edge or skin outside the wound. However, no significant microbiome diversity changes occurred at the wound sites after one week of standard care. Finally, increased initial abundance of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC), especially Peptoniphilus (p < 0.05; n = 5 subjects), was associated with impaired healing; thus, GPAC's abundance could be a predictor of the wound-healing outcome.

Effects of explosive and impact exercises on gait parameters in elderly women / Efectos de los ejercicios explosivos y de impacto sobre los parámetros de la marcha en adultas mayores

Abstract Introduction: Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have suggested that physical activity programs combining low impact exercises and resistance exercises help maintaining functional capacity in older adults. Objective: To analyze the effects of an aquatic training program involving both impact and explosive exercises on gait parameters of women aged 60 and above. Materials and methods: 60 physically active women (64.08±3.98 years) were divided into 2 groups: those training in a pool by performing series ofjumps, i.e., the experimental group (EG= 35), and the control group (CG=35). EG participants trained 3 times per week during 32 weeks in an hour per session basis. Body composition measurements, explosive strength, and gait parameters (in a 6 meters long track) were assessed using the center of pressure (COP) indicator before and after participating in the training program. Results: When comparing both groups, differences in explosive strength and power (EG vs. CG; p values=from 0.05 to 001) were observed, as well as changes in gait parameters related to the COP (EG vs. CG: p = 0.05-001), in particular EG participants had significant and positive changes. Conclusion: The aquatic training program described here produced an increase in muscle strength and muscle power, thus gait parameters were improved. Bearing this in mind, an improved availability of similar programs for older adults should be considered, since their participation in these programs could help them improve their functional capacity, and, thus, their quality of life.

Resumen Introducción. Varias revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis han sugerido que los programas de actividad física que combinan ejercicios de bajo impacto y de fuerza mantienen la capacidad funcional en adultos mayores. Objetivo. Analizar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento acuático basado en movimientos explosivos y de impacto en los parámetros de la marcha en adultas mayores. Materiales y métodos. 60 mujeres físicamente activas (64.08±3.98 años) fueron divididas en dos grupos, uno control (CG=35) y otro de intervención (entrenamiento en piscina usando multisaltos) (IG=35). El IG entrenó por 32 semanas, 3 días a la semana, 1 hora por sesión. Se evaluó la composición corporal, la fuerza explosiva y los parámetros de la marcha sobre 6m de recorrido usando el centro de presión (COP) antes y después de participar en el programa. Resultados. Se presentaron diferencias en la fuerza explosiva y la potencia (EG vs. CG; p=0.05-001), así como cambios en los parámetros de la marcha relacionados al COP (EG vs. CG: p=0.05-001), con cambios significativos y positivos para EG. Conclusión. El programa de entrenamiento en agua con movimientos de impacto y explosivos induce ganancias en fuerza muscular y potencia, lo que mejora la capacidad de caminar. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se debe considerar ofrecer una mejor disponibilidad de programas similares a esta población, ya que su participación en estos programas podría ayudarles a mejorar su capacidad funcional y, por tanto, su calidad de vida.

Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159.

Despite continuous efforts to control cariogenic dental biofilms, very few effective antimicrobial treatments exist. In this study, we characterized the activity of the novel synthetic cyclic lipopeptide 4 (CLP-4), derived from fusaricidin, against the cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans UA159. We determined CLP-4's MIC, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and spontaneous resistance frequency, and we performed time-kill assays. Additionally, we assessed CLP-4's potential to inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate preformed biofilms. Our results demonstrate that CLP-4 has strong antibacterial activity in vitro and is a potent bactericidal agent with low spontaneous resistance frequency. At a low concentration of 5 µg/ml, CLP-4 completely inhibited S. mutans UA159 biofilm formation, and at 50 µg/ml, it reduced the viability of established biofilms by >99.99%. We also assessed CLP-4's cytotoxicity and stability against proteolytic digestion. CLP-4 withstood trypsin or chymotrypsin digestion even after treatment for 24 h, and our toxicity studies showed that CLP-4 effective concentrations had negligible effects on hemolysis and the viability of human oral fibroblasts. In summary, our findings showed that CLP-4 is a potent antibacterial and antibiofilm agent with remarkable stability and low nonspecific cytotoxicity. Hence, CLP-4 is a promising novel antimicrobial peptide with potential for clinical application in the prevention and treatment of dental caries.

[DIFFERENCES IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND IN PHYSICAL CONDITION BETWEEN SCHOOL AGE STUDENTS OF TWO PUBLIC CURRICULUM PROGRAMS IN BOGOTA, COLOMBIA]. / DIFERENCIAS EN LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y LA CONDICIÓN FÍSICA ENTRE LOS ESCOLARES DE SECUNDARIA DE DOS PROGRAMAS CURRICULARES OFICIALES DE BOGOTÁ, COLOMBIA.

During the past five decades there has been an increased in the prevalence of obesity and over weight, also in physical inactivity and /or low cardiorespiratory fitness within the population in school age from diverse regions of the planet, including Bogota-Colombia. The general objective of this study was to compare the physical condition and the levels of physical activity from students who belonged to two curriculum programs of the Public Schools Network from Bogota, one of which includes two sessions per week, each session of 90 minutes of physical activity. We developed a research of unlike cross-sectional groups. There were 178 children evaluated from the regular curriculum and 170 kids belonging to the program 40 x 40. The physical condition was evaluated applying the protocol of high priority from the ALPHA -Fitness test Battery. The weight, height, body mass index, the waist circumference, the standing long jump, the handgrip in both hands and the motor fitness 20 meter shuttle run test were developed under standardized conditions. The Global School Health Survey (GSHS) was used to evaluate the levels of AF. No significant statistical differences were founded between P-40x40 and the regular curriculum regarding: weight, height, the body mass index, the waist circumference, the handgrip in both hands and the explosive strength in lower limbs. Nevertheless the cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly lower within de P-40x40. In conclusion the participation in the curricular program 40 x 40 was not associated with better levels of physical condition.

Durante las últimas cinco décadas se han incrementado las prevalencias de sobrepeso/obesidad, inactividad física y/o baja capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en la población en edad escolar de diversas regiones del planeta, incluida la de Bogotá, Colombia. El objetivo general del estudio fue comparar la condición física y los niveles de actividad física de los estudiantes pertenecientes a dos programas curriculares de la red de colegios públicos de Bogotá, uno de los cuales incluye dos sesiones de actividad física a la semana de 90 minutos cada una. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de diferencia de grupos de corte transversal. Se evaluaron 178 niños del currículo regular y 170 pertenecientes al programa 40 x 40. La condición física se evaluó aplicando el protocolo de alta prioridad de la batería de test ALPHA -Fitness. Las medidas del peso, la talla, el perímetro de cintura, el salto de longitud, la fuerza prensil en ambas manos y la prueba de 20 metros ida y vuelta se realizaron en condiciones estandarizadas. Para evaluar los niveles de AF se utilizó la encuesta mundial de salud a escolares (GSHS). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el P-40x40 y el currículo regular en cuanto al peso, la talla, el índice de masa corporal, el perímetro de la cintura, la fuerza de prensión manual y la fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores. Sin embargo, la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria fue significativamente menor dentro del P-40x40. En conclusión, la participación en el programa curricular 40 x 40 no estuvo asociada a mejores niveles de condición física.

Diferencias en la actividad física y la condición física entre los escolares de secundaria de dos programas curriculares oficiales de Bogotá, Colombia / Differences in physical activity and in physical condition between school age students of two public curriculum programs in Bogota, Colombia

Durante las últimas cinco décadas se han incrementado las prevalencias de sobrepeso/obesidad, inactividad física y/o baja capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en la población en edad escolar de diversas regiones del planeta, incluida la de Bogotá, Colombia. El objetivo general del estudio fue comparar la condición física y los niveles de actividad física de los estudiantes pertenecientes a dos programas curriculares de la red de colegios públicos de Bogotá, uno de los cuales incluye dos sesiones de actividad física a la semana de 90 minutos cada una. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de diferencia de grupos de corte transversal. Se evaluaron 178 niños del currículo regular y 170 pertenecientes al programa 40 x 40. La condición física se evaluó aplicando el protocolo de alta prioridad de la batería de test ALPHA -Fitness. Las medidas del peso, la talla, el perímetro de cintura, el salto de longitud, la fuerza prensil en ambas manos y la prueba de 20 metros ida y vuelta se realizaron en condiciones estandarizadas. Para evaluar los niveles de AF se utilizó la encuesta mundial de salud a escolares (GSHS). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el P-40x40 y el currículo regular en cuanto al peso, la talla, el índice de masa corporal, el perímetro de la cintura, la fuerza de prensión manual y la fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores. Sin embargo, la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria fue significativamente menor dentro del P-40x40. En conclusión, la participación en el programa curricular 40 x 40 no estuvo asociada a mejores niveles de condición física (AU)

During the past five decades there has been an increased in the prevalence of obesity and over weight, also in physical inactivity and /or low cardiorespiratory fitness within the population in school age from diverse regions of the planet, including Bogota-Colombia. The general objective of this study was to compare the physical condition and the levels of physical activity from students who belonged to two curriculum programs of the Public Schools Network from Bogota, one of which includes two sessions per week, each session of 90 minutes of physical activity. We developed a research of unlike cross-sectional groups. There were 178 children evaluated from the regular curriculum and 170 kids belonging to the program 40 x 40. The physical condition was evaluated applying the protocol of high priority from the ALPHA –Fitness test Battery. The weight, height, body mass index, the waist circumference, the standing long jump, the handgrip in both hands and the motor fitness 20 meter shuttle run test were developed under standardized conditions. The Global School Health Survey (GSHS) was used to evaluate the levels of AF. No significant statistical differences were founded between P-40x40 and the regular curriculum regarding: weight, height, the body mass index, the waist circumference, the handgrip in both hands and the explosive strength in lower limbs. Nevertheless the cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly lower within de P-40x40. In conclusion the participation in the curricular program 40 x 40 was not associated with better levels of physical condition (AU)

Saw palmetto ethanol extract inhibits adipocyte differentiation.

The fruits of saw palmetto have been used for the treatment of a variety of urinary and reproductive system problems. In this study we investigated whether the fruit extracts affect in vitro adipogenesis. Saw palmetto ethanol extract inhibited the lipid droplet accumulation by induction media in a dose-dependent manner, and it also attenuated the protein expressions of C-EBPα and PPARγ. Phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and Akt1 were also decreased by saw palmetto ethanol extract. This report suggests that saw palmetto extracts selectively affect the adipocyte differentiation through the modulation of several key factors that play a critical role during adipogenesis.

The effect of dehydroleucodine in adipocyte differentiation.

Dehydroleucodine (DhL) is a sesquiterpene lactone of the guaianolide group with gastric cytoprotective activity. Recent studies have also demonstrated that DhL inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. In this study we examined the effect of DhL in the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The addition of DhL significantly inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes along with a significant decrease in the accumulation of lipid content by a dramatic downregulation of the expression of adipogenic-specific transcriptional factors PPARγ and C-EBPα. However, phosphorylation of AMPKα, Erk1/2 and Akt1 was not inhibited by DhL treatment. Interestingly, we also found that 11,13-dihydrodehydroleucodine, a derivative of DhL with inactivated α-methylene-γ-lactone function, also inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Taken together, these data suggest that DhL has an important inhibitory effect in cellular pathways regulating adipocyte differentiation by modulating the PPARγ expression, which is known to play a pivotal role during adipogenesis.

Functional determinants of ras interference 1 mutants required for their inhbitory activity on endocytosis.

In this study, we initiated experiments to address the structure-function relationship of Rin1. A total of ten substitute mutations were created, and their effects on Rin1 function were examined. Of the ten mutants, four of them (P541A, E574A, Y577F, T580A) were defective in Rab5 binding, while two other Rin1 mutants (D537A, Y561F) partially interacted with Rab5. Mutations in several other residues (Y506F, Y523F, T572A, Y578F) resulted in partial loss of Rab5 function. Biochemical studies showed that six of them (D537A, P541A, Y561F, E574A, Y577F, T580A) were unable to activate Rab5 in an in vitro assay. In addition, Rin1: D537A and Rin1: Y561F mutants showed dominant inhibition of Rab5 function. Consistent with the biochemical studies, we observed that these two Rin1 mutants have lost their ability to stimulate the endocytosis of EGF, form enlarged Rab5-positive endosomes, or support in vitro endosome fusion. Based on these data, our results showed that mutations in the Vps9 domain of Rin1 lead to a loss-of-function phenotype, indicating a specific structure-function relationship between Rab5 and Rin1.

Inhibition of early endosome fusion by Rab5-binding defective Ras interference 1 mutants.

Rin1 has been shown to play an important role in endocytosis. In this study we demonstrated that depletion of Rin1 from the cytosol blocked the fusion reaction. More importantly, endosome fusion was rescued by the addition of Rin1 proteins depending on the presence of Rab5, and its effector EEA1. Furthermore, we found that Syntaxin 13, but not Syntaxin 7, was required by Rin1 to support endosome fusion. We also identified six mutations on the Vps9 domain of Rin1 that failed to rescue the fusion reaction. Two of them, Rin1: D537A and Rin1: Y561F mutants showed dramatic inhibitory effect on the fusion reaction, which correlate with their inability to properly activate Rab5 or to bind endosomal membranes. Taken together, our results suggest that specific residues on the Vsp9 domain of Rin1 are required for its interaction with Rab5, binding to the endosomal membranes and subsequent regulation of the fusion reaction.

Teratocarcinosarcoma rinosinusal: reporte de un caso / Rhinosinusal teratocarcinosarcoma: a case report

Teratocarcinosarcoma rinosinusal es una neoplasia maligna infrecuente y rara, que combina elementos de teratoma y carcinosarcoma. Se compone de epitelio benigno o maligno (fibroblastos), mesénquima (cartílago, hueso o músculo liso) y elementos neurales. Hasta el año 2008 se han reportado un total de 63 casos de ubicación rinosinusal. Presentamos el caso de un teratocarcinosarcoma de fosa nasal, en un hombre de 67 años de edad, que consultó por obstrucción nasal rápidamente progresiva. La lesión se resecó completamente por abordaje endoscópico. El diagnóstico fue confirmado por histopatología e inmunohistoquímica. Se realizó tratamiento complementario con radioterapia, sin evidencia de recidiva al año después de la cirugía.

Rhinosinusal teratocarcinosarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm, which combines teratoma and carcinoma elements. It is composed of benign or malignant epithelium (fibroblasts), mesenchymatic (cartilage, bone or smooth muscle) and neural elements. Until 2008, a total of 63 cases of rhinosinusal location have been reponed. We present the case of a nasal cavity teratocarcinosarcoma ín a 67 year old man that presented with rapidly progressing nasal obstruction. The lesion was completely resected by endoscopic approach. Diagnosis was confirmed by histological pathology and immunohistochemistry Additional treatment by radiotherapy was administered, with no evidence of recurrences a year after surgery.