Analysis of malignancy-associated DNA changes in the nuclei of buccal epithelium in the pathology of the thyroid and mammary glands.

The object of the investigation reported in this paper was to study, from the point of view of statistical and geometric theory of pattern recognition, the DNA optical density distribution peculiarities in the interphase nuclei of buccal epithelium present in the pathology of the thyroid and mammary glands. Two new indices to characterize this distribution (ratio of modal class volumes and relief index) are proposed. It is shown that in malignant neoplasms of the thyroid and mammary glands the changes in the nuclei of buccal epithelium are characterized by an increase in the optical density of DNA over a range from 0.15 to 0.30 in conventional units of measure, as compared with its values in benign pathological processes. The sensitivity of the proposed criterion for diseases of the thyroid gland is equal to 76.2% and the specificity is equal to 85.8%. For diseases of the mammary gland (excluding IDLC) we have discovered that the sensitivity of the method is equal to 94.29% and its specificity equal to 90.91%. In diseases of the mammary gland (including IDLC) we have discovered that the sensitivity of the method is equal to 71.42% and its specificity is equal to 90.91%.

[Influence of tumor drug resistance phenotype on the dynamics of cisplatin-induced changes of rat peripheral lymphocyte chromatin structure in Guerin's carcinoma]. / Vliianie fenotipa lekarstvennoi rezistentnosti opukholi na dinamiku indutsirovann'ikh tsisplatinom izmenenii struktur'i khromatina interfazn'ikh iader limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi kr'is s kartsinomoi gerena.

The correlation between the tumor drug sensitivity and the degree of lymphocyte interphase nuclei chromatin damages induced by cisplatin in rats was found using sensitive and resistant to cisplatin variants of Guerin's carcinoma. Increased optical density of lymphocyte chromatin in first minutes after cisplatin injection both in rats without Guerin's carcinoma and with sensitive to cisplatin variants of this tumor was observed. Lymphocyte chromatin structure remains unchanged in rats with cisplatin resistant carcinoma. Normal blood cells are suppose to change their sensitiveness to cisplatin under the humoral influence of the growing tumor in according with its phenotype.

[Corpus uteri cancer morbidity and a genetic-mathematical analysis of the proband's pedigrees]. / Zabolevaemost' rakom tela matki i genetiko-matematicheskii analiz v rodoslovnykh probanda.

Steady increase of the number of women that primary fell ill with uterus cancer has noted in Ukraine in 1980-1994. The clinic-genealogical analysis of the 262 families with uterus cancer patients of the Kiev region was made. Multifactorial type of heredity predominates. Share in general tendency to malignant tumors of the genetic component was 45.64 +/- 7.20 and of the environment factors was 54.36 +/- 7.20. Closest relatives of probands with the uterus cancer have to be subjected to systematic inspection.

[Tumor-associated changes in the buccal epithelium in human breast and thyroid pathology]. / Opukhol'-assotsiirovannye izmeneniia bukkal'nogo épiteliia pri patologii molochnoi i shchitovidnoi zhelez u cheloveka.

The estimation of the malignancy-associated changes in oral mucosa of patients with benign and malignant processes in mammary and thyroid gland is carried out on the basis of textural and densitometric indices of the interphase nuclei of the epitheliocytes with the help of the methods of mathematical statistics.

[The morphological characteristics of a papillomavirus infection in the epithelial tissue of the cervix uteri in comparison with the data from the molecular biological identification of specific HPV DNA sequences]. / Morfologicheskie osobennosti papillomavirusnoi infektsii v épitelial'noi tkani sheiki matki v sopostavlenii s dannymi molekuliarno-biologicheskoi identifikatsii spetsificheskikh posledovatel'nostei DNK VPVCh.

Summarized cytomorphologic, molecular-biological data and the analysis results of cervix uteri multilayer squamous epithelium cells mitotic regime in benign (104 observations) and dysplastic (101 observations) processes, including 6/11 and 16/18 types DNA HPV, are presented in the paper. It has been shown that the use of HPV-infection morphologic markers as compared with cell mitotic activity and with in situ hybridization results allows one to determine the obvious virus role in the induction of flat, acute and papillar condylomas, as well as of cervix uteri dysplastic processes. To ascertain the prognosis of development of dysplasia associated with HPV DNA of 6/11 and 6/18 types, the increase of mitosis pathological forms and of their arrangement zones in epithelium layer parallel with gravity increase of three-group, multipolar and K mitosis should be considered a reliable marker of high oncogenic risk.

[The cytological characteristics of the cells of the multilayer squamous epithelium of the cervix uteri in relation to the association of the pathological processes with the human papilloma virus]. / Tsitologicheskie osobennosti kletok mnogosloinogo skvamoznogo épiteliia sheiki matki v zavisimosti ot assotsiatsii patologicheskikh protsessov s virusom papillomy cheloveka.

An analysis of cytological material in benign (160 observations) and dysplastic (101 observations) processes, as well as in cervix outset cancer (38 observations) with the aim of search for koilocytic atypia markers in the cells, existing due to HPV infection, has been carried out. High association degree of the virus infection with the material under study has been ascertained. It was found out that the increase of koilocytosis phenotypic markers expression rate is a reliable criterion of cervix uteri pathologic processes progression. The signs of permanent koilocytic atypia in women with dysplasia should be considered as prognostic marker of malignant transformation of cervix uteri epithelium.

[A cytofluorometric study of the stability of secondary DNA structure in the epithelial cells in endometrial hyperplasia and cancer]. / Tsitofliuorometricheskoe issledovanie stabil'nosti vtorichnoi struktury DNK épitelial'nykh kletok pri giperplazii i rake éndometriia.

Studies were performed on epithelial cells obtained from uterine cavity in 49 women. All cases were subdivided into four groups; unaltered endometrium-9, glandular endometrial hyperplasia-10, atypical hyperplasia-4 and endometrial adenocarcinoma-30. For fluorimetric evaluation of single- and double-strand DNA specimens were dyed with acridine orange, which is known to produce red fluorescence in combination with double-strand acids. Values of coefficients alpha for single and double-strand DNA after acid hydrolysis were much higher than those before acid treatment. This study provides a deeper insight into the relation between DNA lesions and malignancy.

[A comparison of the morphofunctional characteristics of the peripheral blood lymphocytes and the immune status of patients with malignant melanoma of the skin]. / Sopostavlenie morfo-funktsional'nykh osobennostei limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi i immunnogo statusa u bol'nykh zlokachestvennoi melanomoi kozhi.

As a results of the study of immune status of 75 patients with malignant skin melanoma, some signs of immunodeficiency with failure of cell and humoral reactions were revealed. The degree of quantitative and qualitative changes of immune system depended on clinical-morphological features of malignancy development.

[The incidence and clinical genealogical analysis of ovarian cancer in the Kharkiv region]. / Chastota i kliniko-genealogicheskii analiz raka iaichnikov v Khar'kovskom regione]

The analysis of oncoepidemiological state of ovarian cancer (OC) in Kharkov region in comparison with Ukraine within the periods before and after the Chernobyl NPP accident was conducted. Territorial differentiation of this pathology in the regions of Ukraine are represented. An increase in OC incidence among the women of Ukraine and Kharkov region was detected, especially increase of OC the south-east regions. Clinical genealogic analysis in the families of 102 probands with OC, 60 women with benign ovarian cystomas and in 258 practically healthy women revealed malignant tumors of different locations. In probands with OC, the accumulation of this tumor, breast cancer and cancer of gastrointestinal tract was found. The necessity of clinical genealogic analysis of Ukrainian women was based.

[Segregation and genetic dispersion analysis of the pedigrees of breast cancer patients in the Kiev region]. / Segregatsionnyi i genetiko-dispersionnyi analiz rodoslovnykh bol'nykh rakom molochnoi zhelezy kievskogo regiona.

Complex clinical-genealogical and genetic study of 261 patients with breast cancer (BC) was carried out in Kiev region. It was demonstrated that the multifactorial origin of BC was of first importance in this population. The share of genetic component in the susceptibility to BC comprise 55.68 +/- 2.44%. Risk of the origin of malignant tumors in progeny was calculated.

[The functional characteristics of the chromosomal nucleolus organizer regions of patients with endometrial cancer]. / Osobennosti funktsionirovaniia iadryshkoobrazuiushchikh raionov khromosom u bol'nykh rakom éndometriia.

The nucleolus organizer region activity and the level of acrocentric chromosome association in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied in patients with endometrial glandular hyperplasia and endometrial cancer. The number of active nucleolus organizer regions and the frequency of 13 and 21 acrocentric chromosome associations was higher in patients with endometrial cancer.

[A cytogenetic examination of persons subjected to radiation exposure in certain regions of Ukraine]. / Tsitogeneticheskoe obsledovanie lits, podvergshikhsia radiatsionnomu vozdeistviiu v nekotorykh regionakh Ukrainy.

We have summarized the results of cytogenetic studies of peripheral blood lymphocytes conducted in the institutions of Kiev and Kharkov in persons irradiated after the accident of the Chernobyl NPP. The average level of chromosomal aberrations and the appearance of cytogenetic markers characteristic of their irradiation effect was higher in the examinees in comparison with the control. The increase in the number of aberrations in certain Kiev residents as well as the development of lymphogranulomatosis in some liquidators of the accident were detected. The increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in liquidators of the accident was accompanied by the reduction in the level of reparative DNA synthesis of blood lymphocytes. The necessity to expand cytogenetic examination in persons that participated in the liquidation of the accident on the ChNPP and Kiev inhabitants is discussed.

[The effect of a distant tumor on the DNA content in the epitheliocytes of the oral mucosa]. / Vliianie otdalennoi opukholi na soderzhanie DNK v épiteliotsitakh slizistoi obolochki polosti rta.

Patients with malignant melanomas and breast cancer (83 men and women) were examined. On the basis of study of the DNA contents in nuclei of epitheliocytes from the mucous oral cavity, index of their nuclei heterogeneity we have revealed disturbances in maturation and differentiation of cells. They were arranged to the spinous layer of the oral mucosa. The disturbances were caused by the tumour influence on the functional state of the mucosa.

[The role of the genetic component in oncology]. / Rol' geneticheskogo komponenta v onkologii.

The paper presents information on fundamentals of oncogenetics, role of the clinical and genealogical method in oncology, in epidemiological genetics in particular. It is shown necessary to create registers of family cases of tumours proceeding from genetical data: risk groups on appearance of malignization. The ways for the further study of the role of a hereditary factors in tumour growth are outlined.

[Cytofluorimetric research on the epithelium of the cervix uteri in malignancy]. / Tsitofliuorometricheskoe issledovanie épitelia sheiki matki pri malignizatsii.

The cervical dysplasia and cancer of the uterine cervix of 82 patients have been studied by the cyto-fluorimetric technique. There were 46 patients with dysplasia of mild, moderate and severe degree and 36 patients with different histopathologic type cancer of the uterine cervix T1-2N0M0. DNA content was determined in cytological smears and scrapings of cervix uterus epithelium using luminescent microscope equipped with photometric device FMEI-1. The mean DNA content under dysplasia of cervix uterus reliably differed from that in control (3.504 +/- 0.054 and 4.715 +/- 0.051, respectively). The level of DNA content was heterogenic and elevated in cases of intraepithelial cancer and carcinoma in situ (8.369 +/- 0.84 and 10.098 +/- 0.28, respectively). This value was considerably higher than tumor progression (9,423 +/- 0.051).

[Morphofunctional features of the nucleoli in glandular hyperplasia and endometrial cancer]. / Morfofunktsional'nye osobennosti iadryshek pri zhelezistoi giperplazii i rake éndometriia.

The morphofunctional peculiarities of epithelial cells nucleoli in patients with glandular hyperplasia and endometrial cancer has been studied on the cytological smears from endometrium stained with silver nitrate were investigated. The patterns of nucleolonemic nucleoli content and high activity of nucleolar organizers in cancer of corpus uteri are revealed.

[The determination of beta-casein gene expression and the assessment of hormonal homeostasis in gynecomastia patients and in breast cancer in men]. / Opredelenie ékspressii genov beta-kazeina i otsenka gormonal'nogo gomeostaza u bol'nykh s ginekomastiei i rakom molochnoi zhelezy u muzhchin.

beta-Casein genes expression in breast epithelium was studied in male patients with various forms of gynecomastia and cancer. Blood serum levels of pituitary, sex and glucocorticoid hormones were assayed in 29 patients with gynecomastia and 22 cases of breast cancer, and in 25 of them beta-casein genes expression was evaluated additionally. Activation of the above genes was established in the tissues studied. Their level proved to be in a correlation with that of prolactin.

[Familial-populational studies of endometrial cancer: segregation and genetic dispersion analyses]. / Semeino-populiatsionnye issledovaniia raka éndometriia: segregatsionnyi i genetiko-dispersionnyi analiz.

A clinico-genealogic investigation was carried out in 216 patients with endometrial cancer. Familial accumulation of endometrial and other cancer incidence was established. The segregation rates appeared to be lower than those expected from simple Mendelian models (2-11%). A multifactorial nature of endometrial cancer in overall susceptibility to the disease was found to be at 61%. A genetic correlation analysis showed endometrial cancer to share common genes with breast and gastric cancer in females. Tables of recurrent risk of the disease for relatives were prepared to be used in medico-genetic counseling.