Pomalidomide improves airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in COPD rats by inhibiting TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of pomalidomide(POM)on airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group and POM group,with 12 in each group,half male and half female.The COPD model was established by smoke exposure combined with Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in model group and POM group.The rats in POM group were treated with POM(0.5 mg/kg,once a day for 1 week).The lung function,lung tissue pathology,the proportion of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and the levels of serum inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 and IL-13 were observed and detected in each group.AB-PAS staining and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the proliferation of goblet cells and the secretion of mucin(MUC)5AC and MUC5B in airway epithelium of rats.The expression levels of TNF-α receptor 1(TNFR1),IκB kinase(IKK),phosphorylated IKK(p-IKK)and P65 protein in lung tissue were detected by Western blotting.Results Compared with control group,model group showed significant decreased of tidal volume(TV),minute ventilation(MV),forced expiratory vital capacity(FVC),0.1s forced expiratory volume(FEV0.1)and 0.3 s forced expiratory volume(FEV0.3)(P<0.05),increased of the mean linear intercept(MLI)of the alveoli(P<0.01),decreased of the mean alveolar number(MAN)(P<0.01),increased of the proportion of neutrophils and lymphocytes in BALF sediment(P<0.05),and decreased of the proportion of macrophages in BALF sediment(P<0.01);increased of the levels of serum inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-13 and IL-6(P<0.05),the proportion of goblet cells in airway epithelium(P<0.01),the secretion of MUC5AC and MUC5B in lung tissue(P<0.01),the content of TNFR1 and the ratio of p-IKK/IKK(P<0.01),the content of P65 in nucleus(P<0.01);and decreased of the content of P65 in cytoplasm(P<0.05).Compared with model group,after one week of POM treatment,POM group showed significant improved of the TV,MV,FVC,FEV0.1,FEV0.3,MLI and MAN of rats(P<0.05);decreased of the proportion of neutrophils and lymphocytes in BALF(P<0.05);increased of the proportion of macrophages(P<0.01);decreased of the levels of serum TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-13(P<0.05),the proportion of goblet cells in airway(P<0.01),the secretion of MUC5AC and MUC5B(P<0.01),and the expression of TNFR1,P-IKK and P65(nucleus)(P<0.05);and increased of the level of P65(cytoplasm)(P<0.01).Conclusions POM can improve airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in COPD rats,which may be achieved by inhibiting TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Response characteristics of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy in first-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the response characteristics of patients with locally advanced/metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (nsq-NSCLC) treated with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy in the first line. Methods: Patients with nsq-NSCLC who achieved complete or partial remission after treatment with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone in the RATIONALE 304 study, as assessed by an independent review board, were selected to analyze the response characteristics and safety profile of the responders. Time to response (TTR) was defined as the time from randomization to the achievement of first objective response. Depth of response (DpR) was defined as the maximum percentage of tumor shrinkage compared with the sum of the baseline target lesion length diameters. Results: As of January 23, 2020, 128 patients treated with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy achieved objective tumor response (responders), representing 57.4%(128/223) of the intention-to-treat population, with a TTR of 5.1 to 33.3 weeks and a median TTR of 7.9 weeks. Of the responders (128), 50.8%(65) achieved first remission at the first efficacy assessment (week 6), 31.3%(40) at the second efficacy assessment (week 12), and 18.0%(23) at the third and subsequent tumor assessments. The percentages of responders who achieved a depth of tumor response of 30% to <50%, 50% to <70% and 70% to 100% were 45.3%(58/128), 28.1%(36/128) and 26.6%(34/128), respectively, with median progression-free survival (PFS) of 9.0 months (95% CI: 7.7 to 9.9 months), 11.5 months (95% CI: 7.7 months to not reached) and not reached (95% CI: 11.8 months to not estimable), respectively. Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy were generally well tolerated in responders with similar safety profile to the overall safety population. Conclusion: Among responders to tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy for nsq-NSCLC, 82.0%(105/128) achieves response within the first two tumor assessments (12 weeks) and 18.0%(23/128) achieves response at later (18 to 33 weeks) assessments, and there is a trend toward prolonged PFS in responders with deeper tumor response.

Qualitative Research on the Training Experiences and Needs of Intensive Care Unit General Nurses Against the Background of Regular Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prevention and Control.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the training experiences and needs of intensive care unit (ICU) general nurses against a background of regular Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) prevention and control. Methods: Using the phenomenological method of qualitative research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 ICU nurses. The interview data were analyzed, sorted, summarized, and refined using the content analysis method. Results: The following five themes were extracted from the interviews, based on the training experiences of the nurses: 1) broadening their thinking; 2) discovering their personal shortcomings; 3) gaining self-confidence; 4) calmly facing frontline work; 5) experiencing high assessment pressure. The training needs of the nurses could be summarized into the following four themes: 1) increased training time; 2) improving the assessment mechanism; 3) establishing a normal rotating-shift training system; 4) balancing the teaching levels. Conclusion: Against a background of regular epidemic prevention and control, ICU training for general nurses is of high practical significance and value. Thus, active exploration and research should be conducted to establish perfect training and assessment mechanisms for these nurses. Additionally, training methods that are suitable for clinical needs should be formulated and training systematization and standardization must be promoted.

Testing System for Analyzing Directionally-specific Postural Adjustments Indued by Plantar Vibratory Stimulation / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To construct a testing system for the effects of plantar surface vibration stimulation on the human postural adjustments, and to explore its practicability. Methods:The mechanical device and control system providing vibration stimulation were designed and built. Twenty-five healthy teachers and students (aged 19~29 years) were recruited from our college to participate in the experimental study from 2nd to 6th, October, 2019. The amplitudes of postural response were compared following non-stimulation and stimulation at left forefoot, left heel, right forefoot, right heel, left foot, right foot, double forefoot, double heels of each subject at the 20 Hz, 40 Hz, 60 Hz and 80 Hz vibrations, respectively. Results:The amplitude of the center of pressure response under foot cutaneous stimulation increased compared with the response amplitude under non-vibration conditions (P < 0.05). Conclusion:The locations of vibration as well as different vibration parameters (such as frequency, amplitude) could be adjusted, and the information of postural response to vibratory stimulation of the plantar surface, especially the excursion of center of pressure could be collected in the system which can be applied in the experimental study on the human posture control.

Analysis of Japanese Assistive Devices Social Security Policy / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To sort out the assistive device social security policy of Japan. Methods:The assistive devices social security policy for the older adults and the disabled in Japan was summarized in term of four dimensions: who, what, how to deliver and how to fund. Results:Japanese assistive device social security policy covered most of disabled groups according to the legal protections, delivering a variety of assistive devices products and services. Meanwhile, it has tried to avoid over expenditure through ways of lump-sum control, unit price and quantity control, users self-pay and strict evaluation system. For the service delivery system, the evaluators were strictly neutral, while the providers were in market. The funding came from user-payments, public finance and insurances, etc. Conclusion:Japan has established a mature social security policy system and service system for assistive devices, which can be used as a reference for China.

Preoperative practice of surgical position reduces postoperative pain and discomfort in patients receiving kidney surgeries: a nonrandomized pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: Prolonged maintenance of surgical position often results in postoperative pain and discomfort in patients. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative practice of surgical position on postoperative pain and general comfort in patients receiving kidney surgeries. METHODS: For this nonrandomized pilot study, 74 patients receiving kidney surgeries were selected using the probability sampling method. Patients from ward 1 were assigned to the practice group (n=35), and those from ward 2 were assigned to the control group (n=39). The practice group were instructed to practice the surgical position for 3 days prior to the surgery. Postoperative pain and comfort were surveyed using two questionnaires for 3 days, respectively. The postoperative pain scores were compared using the Student's t-test. RESULTS: The two groups did not differ significantly in wound pain on postoperative days 1-3 (P > 0.05). However, the practice group showed significantly reduced low back pain and contralateral shoulder pain than the control group for 3 postoperative days (P < 0.05). The physical domain score was significantly higher in the practice group than in the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Preoperative practice of surgical position can effectively reduce postoperative low back pain and contralateral shoulder pain in patients receiving kidney surgeries and improve the physical comfort.

Construction of Professional Training System of Assistive Technology:in Perspective of ICF / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore a training system of high level professionals with international vision and meeting the develop-ment of assistive technology in China. Methods The training system was constructed in the theory framework of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health,and work process-oriented. Results and Conclusion A curriculum system with tree-type modes and a practice system with three-level and multi-form of assistive technology specialty were constructed,that was recognized by industry and society in the developing.

Effectiveness and Safety of the Combination of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Jade Screen and Desloratadine in the Treatment of Chronic Urticaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the traditional Chinese medicine prescription Jade Screen combined with desloratadine in the treatment of chronic urticaria. METHODS: Two researchers independently conducted literature searches. The extracted data were analyzed using Rev Man 5.2.3 software. The established retrieval time range of the various databases was up to 15 March, 2017. RESULTS: Sixteen randomized controlled trials were included in this study. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate of using Jade Screen and desloratadine in combination to treat chronic urticaria was higher than that with desloratadine alone (P < 0.00001), while its recurrence rate (P < 0.00001) and symptom score (P = 0.006) were both significantly lower than the latter. The rate of adverse reaction in the combination group was lower than that when orally taking desloratadine alone (P = 0.74), and the serum level of total IgE in the combination group was lower than that when orally taking desloratadine alone (P = 0.82); however, the results of the rate of adverse reaction and the serum level of total IgE were insignificant. CONCLUSION: Using Jade Screen and desloratadine together to treat chronic urticaria gains a better clinical effect than using desloratadine alone.

A Dosimetric Comparison between Conventional Fractionated and Hypofractionated Image-guided Radiation Therapies for Localized Prostate Cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is the preferred method for curative treatment of localized prostate cancer, which could improve disease outcome and reduce normal tissue toxicity reaction. IGRT using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in combination with volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) potentially allows smaller treatment margins and dose escalation to the prostate. The aim of this study was to compare the difference of dosimetric diffusion in conventional IGRT using 7-field, step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and hypofractionated IGRT using VMAT for patients with localized prostate cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We studied 24 patients who received 78 Gy in 39 daily fractions or 70 Gy in 28 daily fractions to their prostate with/without the seminal vesicles using IMRT (n = 12) or VMAT (n = 12) for prostate cancer between November 2013 and October 2015. Image guidance was performed using kilovoltage CBCT scans equipped on the linear accelerator. Offline planning was performed using the daily treatment images registered with simulation computed tomography (CT) images. A total of 212 IMRT plans in conventional cohort and 292 VMAT plans in hypofractionated cohort were enrolled in the study. Dose distributions were recalculated on CBCT images registered with the planning CT scanner.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with 7-field, step-and-shoot IMRT, VMAT plans resulted in improved planning target volume (PTV) D95% (7663.17 ± 69.57 cGy vs. 7789.17 ± 131.76 cGy, P < 0.001). VMAT reduced the rectal D25 (P < 0.001), D35 (P < 0.001), and D50 (P < 0.001), bladder V50 (P < 0.001), D25 (P = 0.002), D35 (P = 0.028), and D50 (P = 0.029). However, VMAT did not statistically significantly reduce the rectal V50, compared with 7-field, step-and-shoot IMRT (25.02 ± 5.54% vs. 27.43 ± 8.79%, P = 0.087).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>To deliver the hypofractionated radiotherapy in prostate cancer, VMAT significantly increased PTV D95% dose and decreased the dose of radiation delivered to adjacent normal tissues comparing to 7-field, step-and-shoot IMRT. Daily online image-guidance and better management of bladder and rectum could make a more precise treatment delivery.</p>

In vitro study on blocking mTOR signaling pathway in EGFR-TKI resistance NSCLC

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect and mechanism of inhibitor everolimus on EGFR-TKI resistance NSCLC.@*METHODS@#MTT assay was used to detect proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549. Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of apoptosis and cycle distribution in each group after 24 h and 48 h. RT-PCR was used to detect the changes of PTEN and 4EBP1 expression levels after 48 h of monotherapy and combination therapy.@*RESULTS@#MTT assay showed that everolimus had dose-dependent inhibition against growth of A549 cells. Flow cytometry showed when everolimus could induce apoptosis and induce G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, which was time-dependent (P<0.05). RT-PCR showed everolimus could increase PTEN and 4EBP1 expression.@*CONCLUSIONS@#mTOR inhibitor everolimus has an inhibitory effect on EGFR-TKI resistant NSCLC, which cannot reverse the resistance effect of EGFR-TKI resistant cell line A549. The relationship between EGFR/AKT signaling pathway and the mTOR signaling pathway and the mechanism in non-small cell lung cancer need further study.

ERCC1 expression and outcomes of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the association of positive expression of nucleotide excision repair cross complementary group 1 (ERCC1) in the tumor tissues with platinum resistance of the tumor cells and the clinical outcomes of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ERCC1 expression was detected immunohistochemically in the tumor tissues from 113 elderly patients with NSCLC, of which 58 patients received platinum-containing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, and the impact of ERCC1 expression on the outcomes of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total positivity rate of ERCC1 expression was 35% in these patients. The positivity rates was significantly higher in the patients receiving neo-adjuvant chemotherapy than in the control group (46.7% vs 21.05%, χ² = 3.770, P = 0.048). In the 39 patients positive for ERCC1, the response rate to treatment was 53.85%, as compared to the rate of 51.35% in the 74 ERCC1-negative patients. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the median survival time (MST) was 53 months in ERCC1-negative patients, as compared to 37 months in the positive patients. The ERCC1-negative and ERCC1-postivie patients showed similar 3- and 5-year survival rates (48.3% vs 44.4%, χ² = 0.033, P = 0.856; 22.5% vs 18.5%, χ² = 0.096, P = 0.757). Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that ERCC1 expression level in the tumor tissue and TNM stages were independent factors that affected the prognosis of the patients (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can induce ERCC1 expression in the tumor, and the objective response rate of neoadjuant chemotherapy can be low in NSCLC patients with high ERCC1 expression. ERCC1 expression is an independent factor affecting the prognosis of elderly patients with NSCLC receiving neoadjuant chemotherapy.</p>

Construction of tissue-engineered skin by mix-seeding / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of construction of tissue-engineered skin in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fibroblasts were seeded on the dermal surface of acellular dermal matrix (ADM). 7 days later, epidermal cells (5 x 10(5)/cm2) were mixed with fibroblasts (0.2 x 10(5)/cm2) and then seeded on epidermal surface of ADM. The culture medium was the mixture liquor containing K-SFM in half and the culture supernatants of fibroblasts in half. In the control group, only epidermal cells (5 x 10(5)/cm2) were seeded and cultured with K-SFM. After composite skin was cultured for 1 week and 3 week, samples were harvested respectively for morphological study and to receive identification by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 3-week culture, there were 3-4 continuous layers of cells in the epidermis in the experiment group. The epidermis was attached tightly to the dermis with trochanterellus. But in the control group, there were just 1-2 layers of cells in the epidermis which was not connected to the dermis. Strong positive dye of Laminin indicated that basement membrane was thoroughly formed in the experiment group. The same result was demonstrated by transmission electron microscope.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The mix-seeding of epidermal cells and few fibroblasts would promote the adhesion and proliferation of epidermal cells on ADM, and the formation of basement membrane.</p>

The expression of HIF-1alpha in scars and its relationship to apoptosis / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism of hypoxic environment lessening in the course of scar maturation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and p53 in granulation of burn wound, burn scars of different stages, and normal skin was detected with immunohistochemical staining. The expressions were quantified by the weight method. The relationship between HIF-1alpha and p53 was investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With the scar maturation, the expression of HIF-1alpha gradually decreased while the expression of p53 gradually increased within one year. There was a negative correlation between HIF-1alpha and p53 (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>p53 plays an important role in scar maturation. Associated with p53, HIF-1alpha may induce apoptosis, which decreases oxygen consumption and lightens hypoxia in the scar maturation.</p>

Quality assurance on accuracy of the external laser centre in CT simulator / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective Transpherical technique of CT scanner of beekley spot quality assurance (BBQA) and its effect in CT simulator QA.Methods Vertical column,BB,Jig,Philips PQS-Falcon CT, ACQSIM workstation and the laser system were used.Scanning BB was used in sending image to the AC- QSIM workstation.In this system,after describing the BB,isocenter can be established.Then,tile couch with the lasers were moved to the programmed position.Checking was needed.Results The center of the laser should just be found on the BB.Otherwise the laser system should be regulated again.Conclusions Beekley spot quality assurance,being the very important center of any QA program,influences the accuracy of quality of the treatment.

Unique spirocyclopiperazinium salt. Part 2: synthesis and structure-activity relationship of dispirocyclopiperazinium salts as analgesics.

Three series of spirocyclopiperazinium derivatives 5a-d, 6a-f and 17a-d were synthesized and evaluated for their in vivo analgesic activities. Compounds 5a, 17a and 17b exhibited excellent analgesic activity. Two important structure-activity relationships were observed from this study: (1) the quaternary ammonium functionality is a critical pharmacophore for analgesic activity; (2) it is important to adjust the lipophilic property of compounds to improve analgesic activity.

Unique spirocyclopiperazinium salt I: synthesis and structure-activity relationship of spirocyclopiperazinium salts as analgesics.

Based on the structure of compound 3, two series of spirocyclopiperazinium derivatives 7a-n and 10a-h were synthesized and evaluated for their in vivo analgesic and sedative activities. Compounds 7f and 10c were discovered to exhibit excellent analgesic activity. Structure-activity relationships revealed that anion of the quaternary salt affected the analgesic and sedative activity significantly; the allyl group is a most effective group among the compounds 7a-n; the electron-released substitute on the aromatic ring is favorable to increase the analgesic activity.

Stereotactic radiotherapy for over 70-year-old patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the short-term therapeutic effect and radiation reaction of stereotactic radiotherapy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer in the elderly patients. Methods Thirty-one patients with stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ non-small cell lung cancer were treated with stereotactic radiotherapy. Patients aged 70-88 years, median age 76; 21 were stage I patients, and 10 stage Ⅱ ; 14 patients had tumor