Ionic liquid post-modified carboxylate-rich MOFs for efficient catalytic CO2 cycloaddition under solvent-free conditions.

The synthesis of cyclic carbonates through cycloaddition reactions between epoxides and carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important industrial process. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have functional and ordered pore structures, making them attractive catalysts for converting gas molecules into valuable products. One approach to enhance the catalytic activity of MOFs in CO2 cycloaddition reactions is to create open metal sites within MOFs. In this study, the amino-functionalized rare earth Gd-MOF (Gd-TPTC-NH2) and its ionic liquid composite catalysts (Gd-TPTC-NH-[BMIM]Br) were synthesized using 2'-amino-[1,1':4',1''-terphenyl]-3,3'',5,5''-tetracarboxylic acid (H4TPTC-NH2) as the ligand. The catalytic performance of these two catalysts was observed in the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epoxides. Under the optimized reaction conditions, Gd-TPTC-NH-[BMIM]Br can effectively catalyze the cycloaddition reaction of a variety of epoxide substrates with good to excellent yields of cyclic carbonate products. Comparatively, epichlorohydrin and epibromohydrin, which possess halogen substituents, promote higher yields of cyclic carbonates due to the electron-withdrawing nature of Cl and Br substituents. Additionally, the Gd-TPTC-NH-[BMIM]Br catalyst demonstrated good recyclability and reproducibility, maintaining its catalytic activity without any changes in its structure or properties after five reuse cycles.

Nitrogen and titanium-codoped porous carbon nanocomposites derived from metal-organic framework as cathode to address polysulfides shuttle effects by Ti-assisted N-inhibiting strategy.

To address the problem of shutting effect of Li-S batteries, we used Ti-based MOF as precursor to obtain a conductive matrix with dual inhibitors. The target material, namely NTiPC, shown remarkable discharge capacity with 1178 mA h g-1, and maintained at 732 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles. The results indicated the N- and Ti-active sites synergistic acted with conductive framework can facilitate binding reaction between matrix and polysulfides.

Impact of diabetes duration on 3-year clinical outcomes following coronary revascularization.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of diabetes duration on long-term clinical outcomes after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: A total of 820 diabetic patients treated with initial DES (n=451) or CABG (n=369) were consecutively enrolled in this single-center follow-up study. The main outcomes included major adverse cardiac events and major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events (MACCEs). Cox regression analysis with propensity adjustment was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Three-year risks of major adverse cardiac events were significantly higher in the DES group compared with the CABG group irrespective of whether the diabetes durations were less or more than 5 years [hazard ratio (HR) 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-4.31, P=0.01; HR 3.73, 95% CI 2.72-10.12, P<0.01; P for interaction=0.28]. A similar trend was observed for repeat revascularization. However, CABG was associated with increased risk of stroke, especially in the patients with diabetes duration of at least 5 years (HR 0.02, 95% CI 0.002-0.12, P<0.01). Three-year risk of MACCEs was significantly higher in the DES group in patients with diabetes duration of at least 5 years (HR 2.13, 95% CI 1.34-3.39, P<0.01), but not for those less than 5 years (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.65-1.63, P=0.91). A statistically significant interaction between diabetes duration and treatment strategy was found for MACCEs (P for interaction=0.04). CONCLUSION: Short diabetes duration (<5 years) was associated with equal risk of MACCEs among stable coronary artery disease patients with DES and CABG, emphasizing the need to consider the duration of diabetes when determining the best strategy for patients undergoing coronary revascularization.

Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Peri-strut Low-intensity Area Detected by Optical Coherence Tomography.

BACKGROUND: Peri-strut low-intensity area (PLIA) is a typical image pattern of neointima detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) after stent implantation. However, few studies evaluated the predictors and prognosis of the PLIA; therefore, we aimed to explore the genesis and prognosis of PLIA detected by OCT in this study. METHODS: Patients presenting neointimal hyperplasia documented by OCT reexamination after percutaneous coronary intervention were prospectively included from 2009 to 2011. Peri-strut intensity was analyzed and classified into two patterns: Low-intensity and high-intensity. Clinical characteristics were analyzed to assess their contribution to peri-strut intensity patterns. Follow-up were performed in patients who did not receive revascularization during OCT reexamination, and the prognosis of the patients was evaluated. RESULTS: There were 128 patients underwent OCT reexamination after stent implantation included in the study. PLIA was detected in 22 (17.2%) patients. The incidence of PLIA was positively correlated with serum triglyceride (odds ratio [OR]: 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-3.90, P = 0.017), low-density lipoprotein (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.22-5.66, P = 0.015), history of cerebrovascular disease (OR: 101.11, 95% CI: 6.54-1562.13, P < 0.001), and initial clinical presentation of acute coronary syndrome (ACS, OR: 18.77, 95% CI: 2.73-128.83, P = 0.003) while negatively correlated with stent implantation time (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.33-0.98, P = 0.043). The median follow-up was longer than 3.8 years. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) occurred in 7 (7.3%) patients while showed no correlation with PLIA. A total of 17 (17.7%) patients experienced unstable angina (UA) and showed significant correlation with PLIA (hazard ratio: 6.16, 95% CI: 1.25-30.33, P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: PLIA detected by OCT was positively correlated with higher serum lipid level, history of cerebrovascular disease and initial presentation of ACS, and negatively correlated with stent implantation time. Patients with PLIA were more likely to have UA than those with high-intensity while no significant difference was found in MACEs.

Polymer-free versus permanent polymer drug eluting stents in coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis of 10 RCTs with 6575 patients.

BACKGROUND: Permanent polymer drug eluting stents (PP-DES) may induce inflammation of the vessel wall due to the existence of the polymer, which may delay intimal healing. Polymer-free DES (PF-DES) that eliminate the polymeric carrier may potentially lead to safer DES. However, the safety and efficacy of PF-DES remains controversial. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials comparing PF-DES with PP-DES were searched in online database including MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) and Cochrane Library. Studies reporting late lumen loss (LLL), all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR) and late stent thrombosis (LST) were enrolled and quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS: Ten studies enrolling 6575 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The PF-DES showed a benefit in reducing all-cause death (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.98, P = 0.03) and long-term LLL (weighted mean difference (WMD) -0.16 mm, 95% CI: -0.22 to -0.11 mm, P < 0.001), while no superiority was found in reducing short-term LLL (WMD 0.03 mm, 95% CI: -0.07-0.13 mm, P = 0.57), MI (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.19 to 23.18, P = 0.39), TLR (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.42 to 3.38, P = 0.83) and LST (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.05 to 5.71, P = 0.74). CONCLUSION: PF-DES showed benefits in reducing long-term LLL and mortality compared with PP-DES, but no superiority was found in short-term LLL, MI, TLR and LST. These findings provide a sound basis for the wide application of PF-DES in the future.

ß1 adrenergic receptor polymorphisms and heart failure: a meta-analysis on susceptibility, response to ß-blocker therapy and prognosis.

AIMS: The risk stratification of patients for heart failure (HF) remains a challenge, as well as the anticipation of the response to ß-blocker therapy. Since the pivotal role of ß1 adrenergic receptor (ß1-AR) in HF, many publications have studied the associations between the ß1-AR polymorphisms (Ser49Gly and Arg389Gly) and HF, with inconsistent results. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis of studies to evaluate the impact of ß1-AR polymorphisms on susceptibility to HF, the response to ß-blocker therapy and the prognosis of HF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Electronic databases were systematically searched before August 2011. We extracted data sets and performed meta-analysis with standardized methods. A total of 27 studies met our inclusion criteria. It was found that in East Asians, the Gly389 allele and Gly389 homozygotes significantly increased the HF risk, while the Gly389 allele and Gly389 homozygotes trended to decrease the risk of HF in whites. With the similar reduction of heart rate, overall, the Arg389 homozygotes showed a better response to ß-blocker therapy. Furthermore, the Arg389 homozygotes were significantly associated with better LVEF improvement in East Asians and a mixed population. And in white people, the Arg389 homozygotes made a greater LVESd/v improvement and trended to be associated with better LVEDd/v improvement. However, the prognosis of Arg389 homozygotes HF patients was similar to those with Gly389 carriers. The Ser49Gly polymorphism did not impact the risk or prognosis of HF. CONCLUSION: Based on our meta-analysis, the Gly389 allele and Gly389 homozygotes were risk factors in East Asians while trending to protect whites against HF. Furthermore, Arg389 homozygote is significantly associated with a favorable response to ß-blocker treatment in HF patients. However, neither of the two polymorphisms is an independent predictor of the prognosis of HF.