RESUMEN
Two distinct closterovirus-like genome sequences (termed AdV-1 v1 and v2) were identified in Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa 'Miliang-1' that had no disease symptoms using high-throughput sequencing. Using overlapping reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of cDNA ends, the genomic sequences of AdV-1 v1 and v2 were confirmed as 17,646 and 18,578 nucleotides in length, respectively. The two complete genomes contained 9 and 15 open reading frames, respectively, coding for proteins having domains typical of Closteroviridae, such as RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), heat shock protein 70 homolog (HSP70h) and coat protein (CP). Sequence analysis showed that the amino acid sequences of RdRp, HSP70h, and CP of the two variants exhibited high similarity (> 80%), while their genomic organization was somewhat different. This suggested that the two viral genomes identified here are variants of the family Closteroviridae in a single kiwifruit host. Furthermore, phylogenetic relationship analysis revealed that the two variants had a closer relationship with the unclassified virus Persimmon virus B (PeVB) and Actinidia virus 1 (AcV-1) than with other members of the family Closteroviridae, as did their genomic organization. It is speculated that the two variants, together with PeVB and AcV-1 belong to a new subfamily of Closteroviridae.
Asunto(s)
Actinidia/virología , Closteroviridae/genética , Actinidia/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , China , Closterovirus/genética , Frutas/genética , Genoma Viral , Genómica , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta/genética , Filogenia , Enfermedades de las Plantas/virología , ARN Viral/genética , Proteínas Virales/genética , Secuenciación Completa del GenomaRESUMEN
In this study, we first presented the complete chloroplast genome of Actinidia valvata by using Illumina Novaseq sequencing. Its complete chloroplast genome is 156,596 bp in length, containing a large single copy region of 88,477 bp and a small single copy region of 20,379 bp separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions of 23,870 bp. The chloroplast genome contains 112 unique genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genome sequences of ten plants from the family Actinidiaceae showed that A. valvata is more closely related to A. polygama than other members.
RESUMEN
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has received renewed interest in recent years in fields such as trace analysis, biorelated diagnosis, and living cell study. However, the interference of impurities left on the surface from the preparation process of substrates or adsorbed from the ambient environment limits to some extent the application of SERS for analysis of trace or unknown samples. In the present paper, we propose a method to prepare clean SERS substrates by a combined method of chemical adsorption of iodide on the Au surface to remove the surface impurities and electrochemical oxidation of the adsorbed iodide to obtain a clean and impurity-free surface for SERS measurement. Time-dependent control experiment of untreated and treated substrate reveals that this method is very effective in obtaining substrates free of impurities. SERS mapping demonstrates the SERS activity of the substrate is homogeneous over the whole surface. The obtained clean substrate enables us to study the structures of the cell membrane with SERS and even to perform SERS mapping to visualize the distribution of amino acids over the membrane of a living cell.