Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Aceptación y Acción-II en adultos ecuatorianos / Psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire-II in ecuadorian adults

Resumen Objetivo. Analizar las propiedades psicométricas del AAQ-II en población adulta ecuatoriana con tomas presenciales, aumentando la fiabilidad de la muestra. Método. En este estudio se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas de la Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) en población ecuatoriana. Participaron 450 personas entre 18 y 53 años, de las cuales un 46.7% fueron mujeres y un 53.3% hombres. Resultados. En el análisis factorial confirmatorio se encontró una estructura de tres dimensiones: evitación de recuerdos, evitación emocional y falta de autodominio. Un análisis de invarianza reveló que la escala es invariante entre hombres y mujeres. Se encontró que la escala presenta buena consistencia interna (α = .90). Se discute la validez de la AAQ-II como una herramienta para evaluar la evitación experiencial en población adulta ecuatoriana.

Abstract Objective. To analyze AAQ-II psychometric properties on the Ecuadorian people. Method. In this study, the psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) were evaluated in an Ecuadorian population. A total of 450 people between 18 and 53 years of age, 46.7% of whom were women, participated. Results. The confirmatory factor analysis found a three-dimensional structure: memory avoidance, emotional avoidance, and lack of self-control. An analysis of invariance between men and women revealed that the scale is invariant by sex. The scale was found to have good internal consistency (α = .90). The validity of the AAQ-II as a tool to assess experiential avoidance in an Ecuadorian adult population is discussed.

The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties and Prediction of Posttraumatic Consequences during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chilean Adults.

The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) is widely used to assess the use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies to regulate negative emotions. The present study evaluates the psychometric properties, reliability and validity of a Chilean adaptation of the ERQ in a large sample of 1543 participants aged between 18 and 87 (38% male, 62% female). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed the expected two-factor structure and factorial invariance in relation to gender. Results also indicated adequate internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent and predictive validity in predicting posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth six months after the first measurement in a subsample of students exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of reappraisal was positively associated with general well-being, whereas the use of suppression was positively associated with depressive symptomatology. In terms of posttraumatic consequences, the use of reappraisal was negatively associated with posttraumatic symptomatology and positively associated with posttraumatic growth six months later; in turn, suppression was positively associated with posttraumatic symptomatology and negatively associated with posttraumatic growth six months later. This study demonstrates that the ERQ is a valid and reliable instrument to measure emotional regulation strategies in Chilean adults.

Posttraumatic growth in people affected by an occupational accident: A longitudinal multilevel model of change.

This study analyzed a predictive model of posttraumatic growth (PTG) in a cohort of 244 workers affected by an occupational accident. A longitudinal design with three points in time (i.e., 1, 6, and 12 months after the accident) was used. PTG, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), subjective severity of the event, deliberate rumination, and seeking social support were evaluated. In addition, time since the accident, age, and gender were included as predictors in our model. Deliberate rumination and seeking social support significantly predicted PTG trajectory in a multilevel model. Practical conclusions from the results suggest that work accident victims should be encouraged to seek social support and to positively reframe their experience.

Mental health in Chilean higher education students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic has required important changes in the lifestyles and quality of life of higher education students, generating emotional distress. This study sought to evaluate a predictive model of emotional distress and positive mental health through measures of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in Chilean higher education students during the pandemic. METHOD: To this end, 502 students (67.8% female), aged 18-44 years, were surveyed at two time points during the pandemic, separated by 6 months. Potential predictors included emotional regulation strategies, perceived social support, sociodemographic characteristics, factors related to the pandemic, and students' experiences related to online classes. RESULTS: Findings indicated that PTSS levels were generally stable across the two time points, but PTG levels increased. In addition, emotional regulation strategies (suppression, cognitive reappraisal), perceived social support, and female gender predicted both PTSS and PTG 6 months later; students' number of hours of screen time for school also influenced PTG. CONCLUSIONS: Findings enhance understanding of the processes contributing to PTSS and PTG in higher education students. The need to improve quality of life and mental health in higher education students, including individual- and institutional-level strategies, is discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Terapia sistémica breve en personas expuestas a un evento altamente estresante reciente: Un ensayo controlado aleatorizado / Brief systemic therapy in people exposed to a recent highly stressful event: A randomised controlled trial

Resumen: Antecedentes: Los eventos altamente estresantes pueden tener efectos nocivos en el bienestar y salud mental en las personas. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de un protocolo de intervención preventiva basado en la Terapia Sistémica Breve orientado a personas que vivenciaron de manera reciente un evento altamente estresante. Método: Participaron 75 personas, 39 conformaron el grupo experimental y 36 el grupo control. Para el análisis de los datos se siguió un diseño cuantitativo con dos grupos (experimental y control) y con dos puntos temporales (pre y post-intervención). Al grupo experimental se añadió un seguimiento a los seis meses. El protocolo estuvo estructurado en cuatro sesiones y apuntaba a incidir sobre los síntomas postraumáticos, el crecimiento postraumático, la respuesta rumiativa y las estrategias de afrontamiento. Resultados: Se observó un aumento del crecimiento postraumático, de la rumiación deliberada, del afrontamiento centrado en el problema y de la reinterpretación positiva en el grupo experimental. En cambio, solo hubo una tendencia no significativa en la reducción de la sintomatología postraumática y en la búsqueda de apoyo social. Conclusiones: Estos resultados contribuyen al desarrollo de la Terapia Sistémica Breve y apoyan su utilidad en la intervención preventiva con personas expuestas a un evento altamente estresante.

Abstract: Background: Highly stressful events can have harmful effects on people's well-being and mental health. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a preventive intervention protocol based on Brief Systemic Therapy oriented to people who recently experienced a highly stressful event. Method: Seventy-five people participated, 39 were in the experimental group and 36 in the control group. A quantitative design with two groups (experimental and control) and two time points (pre- and post-intervention) was used for data analysis. A six-month follow-up was added to the experimental group. The protocol was structured in four sessions and aimed to impact on posttraumatic symptoms, posttraumatic growth, ruminative response and coping strategies. Results: An increase in posttraumatic growth, deliberate rumination, problem-focused coping, and positive reinterpretation was observed in the experimental group. In contrast, there was only a nonsignificant trend in reduced posttraumatic symptomatology and in seeking social support. Conclusions: These results contribute to the development of Brief Systemic Therapy and support its usefulness in preventive intervention with people exposed to a highly stressful event.

Sintomatología y crecimiento postraumático en estudiantes de educación superior en Chile durante la pandemia por COVID-19

Objetivo. Evaluar un modelo predictivo de sintomatología postraumática (SPT) y de crecimiento postraumático (CPT), que incluía variables psicológicas, relacionadas con la pandemia y con las clases virtuales, en estudiantes de educación superior durante la pandemia. Método. Participaron 552 estudiantes cuya mayoría corresponde a un 68.5% de mujeres. Se aplicaron instrumentos para medir distintas variables psicológicas. Resultados. Se estableció que un modelo predictivo que incluía la rumiación intrusiva y deliberada, la severidad subjetiva, la supresión emocional, la revaluación cognitiva, el apoyo social, un espacio adecuado para conectarse a clases en línea y el nivel de estudios predecía en forma significativa la SPT. La rumiación deliberada, el apoyo social, la reevaluación cognitiva y la edad predecían el CPT. Se discute la relevancia de estos resultados para el apoyo que se podría brindar a los estudiantes.

Objective. To evaluate a predictive model of posttraumatic symptomatology (PTS) and posttraumatic growth (PTC), which included psychological, pandemic-related, and online classroom-related variables, in higher education students during the pandemic. Method. A total of 552 students participated, 68.5% of whom were women. Instruments were applied to measure different psychological variables. Results. It was established that a model that included intrusive and deliberate rumination, subjective severity, emotional suppression, cognitive reappraisal, social support, adequate space to connect to online classes, and educational attainment significantly predicted PTS. Deliberate rumination, social support, cognitive reappraisal, and age predicted CPT. The relevance of these findings to the academic support that could be provided to students is discussed.

Evaluación de un protocolo de intervención en Terapia Sistémica Breve para personas expuestas a un evento estresante reciente / Evaluation of a Brief Systemic Therapy intervention protocol for people who have experienced a recent stressful event

Resumen Los eventos altamente estresantes son sucesos que potencialmente generan consecuencias negativas en las personas afectadas, como síntomas postraumáticos y depresivos. El presente estudio evalúa un protocolo de intervención preventiva, orientado a personas que han vivido un evento altamente estresante reciente, basado en la Terapia Sistémica Breve. Cuatro terapeutas aplicaron el protocolo a cuatro usuarias. Se entrevistó a estas ocho personas acerca de su experiencia en la aplicación y recepción del protocolo. Mediante escalas de fiabilidad y validez contrastada se evaluaron los cambios pre-post en sintomatología postraumática, sintomatología depresiva, crecimiento postraumático y satisfacción con la vida; también se midió la relación terapéutica. Los resultados muestran apreciaciones positivas en terapeutas y usuarias, el desarrollo de una relación terapéutica adecuada y avances en tres de los cuatro indicadores cuantitativos de cambio. Se concluye que el protocolo está en condiciones de utilizarse en estudios controlados.

Abstract Highly stressful events are occurrences that potentially create negative consequences for the affected people, such as post-traumatic and depressive symptoms. This study assesses a preventive intervention protocol, aimed to people who have lived a recent highly stressful event, based on the Brief Systemic Therapy. Four therapists applied the protocol to four female users. These eight persons were interviewed about the experience in relation to the application and reception of the protocol. Through contrasted reliability and validity scales, pre and post changes in posttraumatic symptomatology, depressive symptomatology, posttraumatic growth and satisfaction with life were assessed; the therapeutic relation was also measured. The results show positive appraisals in therapists and female users, the development of a proper therapeutic relation and progress in three out of four quantitative change indicators. It is concluded that the protocol is suitable to be used in controlled studies.

Estrategias de afrontamiento, estrés percibido y bienestar psicológico en individuos con cefalea primaria / Coping strategies, perceived stress and psychological well-being in individuals with primary headache

Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre las estrategias de afrontamiento, el bienestar subjetivo y el estrés en personas con cefalea primaria -es decir, con dolor de cabeza sin origen orgánico-. En total, participaron 150 personas adultas -135 mujeres y 15 hombres- diagnosticadas con cefalea primaria y episodios de cefalea en los últimos seis meses. Los instrumentos de medida utilizados fueron la Escala de satisfacción con la vida de Diener, la escala de estrategias de afrontamiento Brief Cope, la Escala de estrés percibido de Cohen, dos preguntas sobre la intensidad y frecuencia del dolor, y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. En general, se encontró que el bienestar subjetivo se relaciona positivamente con la planificación y negativamente con el uso de sustancias y la frecuencia del dolor; a la vez que el estrés percibido se asocia positivamente con negar la realidad del acontecimiento estresante, culpabilizarse por la situación ocurrida y la frecuencia del dolor, y negativamente con la aceptación de la situación estresante. Además, se observó un mayor estrés percibido en usuarios de atención pública de salud que en aquellos que son atendidos en el sistema privado. Este estudio permite identifi car las estrategias que deben ser potenciadas o modificadas con ayuda del personal de salud para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con cefalea primaria.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the association between coping strategies, subjective well-being and stress in people with primary headache, i.e., headache with no organically -based origin. In total, 150 adult persons participated -135 women and 15 men -diagnosed with primary headache and headache episodes in the last six months. The measurement instruments used were the Diener Life Satisfaction Scale, the Brief Cope Coping Strategies Scale, the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, two questions on pain intensity and frequency, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. In general, it was found that subjective well-being is positively related to planning and negatively to substance use and frequency of pain; while perceived stress is positively associated with denying the reality of the stressful event, blaming oneself for the situation that occurred and the frequency of pain, and negatively with accepting the stressful situation. Also, greater perceived stress was observed in users of public health care than in those who are seen in the private system. This study allows the identification of strategies that should be enhanced or modified with the help of health personnel to improve the quality of life of people with primary headache.

Crecimiento postraumático y variables psicosociales en víctimas de violencia política / Posttraumatic growth and psychosocial variables among victims of political violence

Resumen Antecedentes: la dictadura militar chilena (1973-1990) dejó miles de víctimas entre afectados directos y familiares, quienes pudieron desarrollar diversas secuelas en su salud mental. Objetivos: el presente estudio buscó evaluar un modelo predictivo de crecimiento postraumático (CPT) que incluía la ideología política, el afrontamiento religioso y la rumiación, en víctimas de la violencia política durante la dictadura. Método: participaron 200 personas adultas reconocidas en el Programa de Reparación y Atención Integral de Salud (PRAIS), encargada de brindar apoyo a las víctimas directas de violaciones a los derechos humanos durante la dictadura, y a sus familiares. De ellos 104 son mujeres (52%) y 96 hombres (48%), en un rango de edad entre los 30 y 91 años. Se utilizaron como instrumentos el Inventario de Crecimiento Postraumático, la Escala Breve de Afrontamiento Religioso, la Escala de Rumiación relacionada con el Evento y la Escala de Ideología Política. Resultados: los principales resultados indicaron que el afrontamiento religioso positivo y la rumiación deliberada predijeron el CPT. La rumiación deliberada media parcialmente entre el afrontamiento religioso positivo y el CPT. Conclusión: se concluye que el afrontamiento religioso positivo y el procesamiento cognitivo deliberado favorecen los cambios positivos en víctimas directas de la violencia política y sus familiares. Ante esto, se refuerza la idea que las víctimas de estas violaciones logran crecer después de estas experiencias dolorosas.

Abstract Background: The Chilean military dictatorship (1973-1990) left thousands of victims among those directly affected and their families, who were able to develop various mental health sequelae. Objective: The present study sought to evaluate a predictive model of posttraumatic growth (PTG) that included political ideology, religious coping and rumination in victims of political violence during the dictatorship. Method: The study involved 200 adults recognised in the Programme for Reparation and Integral Health Care (PRAIS), which is responsible for providing support to direct victims of human rights violations and their family members during the dictatorship. Out of these, 104 were women (52%) and 96 were men (48%) ranging in age from 30 to 91 years. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Brief Religious Coping Scale, the Event-Related Rumination Scale and the Political Ideology Scale were used as instruments. Results: The main results indicated that positive religious coping and deliberate rumination predicted PTG. Deliberate rumination partially mediates between positive religious coping and PTG. Conclusion: It is concluded that positive religious coping and deliberate cognitive processing favour positive change in those directly affected by political violence and their family members. This reinforces the idea that victims of these violations manage to grow after these painful experiences.

Psychometric Properties of the Brief Religious Coping Scale (Brief-RCOPE) in Chilean Adults Exposed to Stressful Events.

Among the different ways of coping with stress, religious coping has shown particularly the promising results; nonetheless, there are few validated instruments to assess it in non-English language. This article presents the psychometric properties of the Brief Religious Coping Scale (Brief-RCOPE) in Chilean adults exposed to stressful events. The scale shows a reliability, test-retest stability, and confirmatory factor analysis support structural validity. The scale also shows concurrent validity with another measure of religious coping. Finally, confirming predictive criterion validity, negative religious coping predicts posttraumatic stress symptoms 6 months after, but not posttraumatic growth. Positive religious coping was associated with posttraumatic growth enhancement. This study shows Brief-RCOPE as a valid and reliable instrument for measuring religious coping in this population.

Post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth in children and adolescents 12 months and 24 months after the earthquake and tsunamis in Chile in 2010: A longitudinal study.

On 27 February 2010, Chile experienced one of the strongest earthquakes in recorded history. The study aimed to evaluate post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and post-traumatic growth (PTG) in children and adolescents 12 months (T1) and 24 months (T2) after the earthquake and tsunamis in Chile in 2010. Three hundred twenty-five children and adolescents (47.4% girls; 52.6% boys) between the ages of 10 and 16 years participated in the study. The instruments included the Revised Post-traumatic Growth Inventory for Children by Kilmer et al., the Childhood PTSD Scale by Foa et al. and the Rumination Scale for Children by Cryder et al., as well as a scale to assess the severity of the event and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The PTSS and PTG scores decreased at T2. In addition, the main predictors of PTSS and PTG were disruptive experiences, losses after the event and intrusive and deliberate rumination during the previous year. These results enhance understanding of factors related to PTG, improve the ability to predict PTSS and PTG in children and adolescents following natural disasters, and inform the design of intervention strategies to promote better mental health in those affected.

Hypnotic intervention in people with fibromyalgia: A randomized controlled trial.

Fibromyalgia affects the quality of life of the patients, as well as their family. It also affects their social, labor, physical, and psychological dynamics. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of audio-recorded hypnosis in ameliorating fibromyalgia symptoms. We enrolled 97 individuals with fibromyalgia (mean age: 45 years) and randomly distributed them to two groups (48 in the experimental group and 47 in the control group). Individuals in both groups maintained their standard pharmacological treatment and continued their usual physical or psychological activities. The experimental group received an audio-recorded hypnosis intervention in the first session; subsequently, they received another audio hypnosis session to use for daily practice for a month. We evaluated the pre- and post-intervention pain intensity, pain interference, fatigue intensity, fatigue interference, depressive symptomatology, and satisfaction with life. We found that the self-administered audio-recorded hypnotic intervention significantly decreased the intensity and interference of pain and fatigue, as well as the depressive symptomatology. Audio-recorded clinical hypnosis techniques could provide an effective, practical, and economical alternative for reducing fibromyalgia-related symptoms.

Ruptura de pareja en adultos jóvenes y salud mental: estrategias de afrontamiento ante el estrés del término de una relación / Couple breakup in young adults and mental health: coping strategies in the face of stress at the end of a relationship

Resumen El presente estudio tiene el propósito de establecer la relación entre las estrategias de afrontamiento, síntomas depresivos y satisfacción con la vida en adultos jóvenes tras una ruptura amorosa. Para esto, se encuestó a 220 personas, 66,8 % mujeres, en edades de entre 18 y 40 años. Se aplicaron las escalas Brief COPE de estrategias de afrontamiento, Escala SWLS de Satisfacción Vital, Escala de Depresión CES-D del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos, Cuestionario ERQ de Regulación Emocional, Escala RRS de Respuesta Rumiativa, sumado a un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Se observó que las mujeres poseen más síntomas depresivos que los hombres. Además, el tiempo transcurrido desde la ruptura, la aceptación, la supresión, el brooding y el uso de sustancias predicen una sintomatología depresiva, y, por otro lado, el brooding, la aceptación y la búsqueda de apoyo social predicen satisfacción con la vida. De este modo, es posible enfocarse en las líneas de acción para promover respuestas más adaptativas y modificar las respuestas menos adaptativas en personas afectadas por una ruptura.

Abstract The aim of this study has been to analyze the coping strategies used by young adults after a breakup and their relationship with depressive symptoms and satisfaction with life. For this, 220 people were surveyed, 66.8% women, aged between 18 and 40 years. The Brief-COPE coping strategies scale, SWLS Satisfaction with Life Scale, CES-D Depression Scale of Center for Epidemiological Studies, ERQ Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, RRS Rumination Response Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire were applied. It was observed that women have more depressive symptoms than men. In addition, the time elapsed since the rupture, acceptance, suppression, brooding and substance use, predict depressive symptoms and, on the other hand, brooding, acceptance and the search for social support, predict satisfaction with life. In this way, it is possible to focus on the lines of action to promote more adaptive responses and modify less adaptive responses in people affected by a rupture.

Brief mindfulness, mental health, and cognitive processes: A randomized controlled trial.

The present study evaluated the impact of a brief mindfulness training program on emotional regulation, cognitive rumination, psychological well-being, and depressive symptoms. This is an experimental study, through a randomized controlled trial. A total of 103 people enrolled on a voluntary basis, of whom 51 were randomly selected to participate in the experimental group and 52 in the control group without intervention (on the waiting list). It is established that a brief, four-session mindfulness training program significantly increases psychological well-being and significantly reduces the symptoms associated with depression; there was a decrease in emotional suppression and in intrusive and deliberate rumination, and an increase in cognitive reappraisal. Implications of this brief mindfulness program on the symptoms associated with depression, psychological well-being, emotional regulation, and cognitive rumination are analyzed, as are the scope and limitations of the study.

Sense of Ethnic Belonging: Relation With Well-Being and Psychological Distress in Inhabitants of the Mapuche Conflict Area, Chile.

Research has shown that experiences of discrimination cause harm to the health and well-being of people. In terms of the identity of members of a group, a positive evaluation of that group might involve devaluing the out-group as a way of raising the endo-group, causing discrimination toward the out-group. In the Chilean context, the Mapuche people have historically suffered discrimination and violations of their rights. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between Collective Identity, perceived experiences of discrimination, psychological well-being and distress in the inhabitants of the Mapuche conflict zone according to their sense of belonging to their ethnic group (Mapuche, Mestizo, Caucasian). This descriptive, correlative, and cross-sectional study involved 200 participants, including 94 men (47%), and 106 women (53%), between the ages of 18 and 83 years old (M = 39.02; SD = 13.45), who had lived for at least 1 year in communities in the Araucanía Region. The sample was stratified according their sense of ethnic identity, including 30% Mapuche, 33.5% Caucasian, and 36.5% Mestizo. The results show that participants with a sense of Mapuche ethnicity experienced more instances of discrimination, had a greater sense of collective identity, and that they also supported the Mapuche social movement and its methods. Based on evidence that well-being is directly related to collective identity, the study undertook a regression analysis of emotional distress and the psychological well-being of participants. The interaction between experiences of discrimination and collective identity has a significant influence. Collective identity and experiences of discrimination in themselves as well as the interaction between them, predict psychological well-being. The results suggest that the importance of the Mapuche group's identity phenomena are related to a broad socio-historical context that leads them to identify themselves as a collective in conditions of inequality. This relationship between well-being and collective identity could be explained by their sense of cultural belonging, which can be a factor in protecting mental health.

¿Masculino, femenino, andrógino o indiferenciado? Relación entre el rol sexual, la afectividad y la inteligencia emocional en personas adultas / Male, female, androgynous or undifferentiated? Relationship between the sexual role, affectivity and emotional intelligence in adult population

Resumen Los roles sexuales tradicionales se han ido modificando a la par de cambios sociales y demográficos. El propósito del presente estudio es determinar en qué medida hombres y mujeres se tipifican dentro de un rol masculino, femenino, andrógino o indiferenciado; además de analizar la relación entre el rol sexual, la afectividad positiva y negativa y la inteligencia emocional. Participaron 193 personas entre 18 y 60 años (50.8 % mujeres). Los resultados indican que los rasgos expresivos muestran una relación positiva más alta con inteligencia emocional y con su dimensión de percepción emocional, mientras que los rasgos instrumentales presentan la relación más alta con afectividad positiva, seguida de la inteligencia emocional. En cuanto a la clasificación de roles, se observa que el rol andrógino muestra mayores puntajes en inteligencia emocional y afectividad positiva que los demás roles. A su vez, el rol indiferenciado muestra los menores puntajes en inteligencia emocional y afectividad positiva que los demás roles. A la luz de los resultados y antecedentes de otros estudios, se concluye, en esta muestra específica, que la adopción de un rol sexual andrógino en hombres y mujeres tiene una relación importante con la afectividad positiva e inteligencia emocional.

Abstract Traditional sex roles have been modified along with social and demographic changes. The aim of the present study is to evaluate to what extent men and women are typified within a male, female, androgynous or undifferentiated role, in addition to analyzing the relationship between sexual role, positive and negative affect, and emotional intelligence. One hundred ninety three people between 18 and 60 years old participated (50.8% women). The results indicate that the expressive features show a higher positive relationship with emotional intelligence and with its dimension of emotional perception, while the instrumental features have the highest relationship with positive affectivity followed by emotional intelligence. Regarding the classification of roles, it is observed that the androgynous role, shows higher scores in emotional intelligence and positive affectivity than the other roles. In turn, the undifferentiated role shows the lower scores in emotional intelligence and positive affectivity than the other roles. In light of the results and background of other studies, it is concluded, in this specific sample, that the adoption of an androgynous sexual role in men and women has an important relationship with positive affectivity and emotional intelligence.

Predictores de sintomatología postraumática aguda y crecimiento post-estrés tras un accidente laboral reciente / Predictors of Acute Posttraumatic Symptoms and Post- Stress Growth After a Recent Work Accident

Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar un modelo predictivo de sintomatología postraumática aguda (SPT) y de crecimiento post-estrés (CPE) en trabajadores que sufrieron un accidente laboral reciente. Se encuestaron 246 trabajadores (23.2% mujeres) entre los 18 y los 73 años. Se encontró que los principales predictores de la SPT son: severidad subjetiva del evento, afrontamiento religioso negativo, reinterpretación positiva y rumiación de tipos intrusiva, negativa y deliberada. A su vez, los principales predictores de CPE fueron: rumiación deliberada y afrontamiento religioso positivo. Se realizó un análisis de sendero para evaluar un modelo en el cual la rumiación intrusiva y la deliberada cumplen una función mediadora, obteniendo adecuados índices de ajuste. Se plantea la necesidad de contar con un método de evaluación temprana de las respuestas psicológicas tras un accidente.

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate a predictive model of acute posttraumatic symptomatology (PTS) and post-stress growth (PSG) in workers who suffered a recent work accident. To this end, 246 workers (23.2% women) were surveyed, aged between 18 and 73 years. The main predictors of PTS were subjective severity of event, negative religious coping, positive reinterpretation, and intrusive, brooding and deliberate rumination. At the same time, the main predictors of PSG were deliberate rumination and positive religious coping. A path analysis was performed to evaluate a model in which intrusive and deliberate rumination fulfill a mediating function, obtaining adequate goodness-of-fix indices. The need to have a method of early evaluation of psychological responses after an accident is proposed.

Predictors of post-traumatic stress symptoms following occupational accidents: A longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: Occupational accidents are highly stressful events that frequently occur and impact both the physical and mental health of workers. The aim of this study was to longitudinally assess a predictive model of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in workers who have suffered a recent accident. METHOD: Two hundred and forty-four workers (77.8% men), aged 18 to 73 years, who had experienced an accident during the last month that resulted in hospitalization and/or ten or more days of sick leave, were surveyed. A second survey was carried out six months later. Regression analyses included psychological predictors (i.e. subjective severity of event, brooding and positive and negative religious coping), along with objective predictors (i.e. hospitalization, sick leave days and unemployment). RESULTS: It was found that the main predictors of PTSS were brooding, negative religious coping, days of sick leave and unemployment, with a large effect size (R2 = .45). CONCLUSIONS: The discussion is based on the usefulness of including selected psychological and objective predictors for detecting people more susceptible to developing psychopathology due to the stress following an accident. Identifying at-risk people for developing PTSS after an accident may help to introduce selective preventive strategies or early interventions in this population.

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en población ecuatoriana adulta / Psychometric Properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale in the Adult Ecuadorian Population / Propriedades psicométricas da Escada de Satisfação com a Vida em população equatoriana adulta

Resumen Objetivo. Analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS, por sus siglas en inglés) en población ecuatoriana adulta. Método. Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio en el que participaron 756 ecuatorianos adultos. Resultados. Al igual que en la escala original, el análisis de esta investigación mostró un alto ajuste en el modelo con un solo factor. Si bien los hombres presentaron mayores niveles de satisfacción con la vida que las mujeres, el análisis de invarianza evidenció que la estructura factorial de la escala es equivalente en ambos sexos, lo que permite su comparación. En el análisis de confiabilidad, la SWLS presentó adecuada consistencia interna (α = 0.81). Conclusión. La SWLS es una herramienta útil para el estudio de la satisfacción con la vida en población adulta ecuatoriana.

Abstract Objective. To analyze the psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) in the adult Eduadorian population. Method. A confirmatory factorial analysis was carried out in which 756 adult Ecuadorians participated. Results. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a very good fit in the model with a single factor, just like the original scale. Although men presented higher levels of satisfaction with life than women, the invariance analysis showed that the factorial structure of the scale is equivalent in both genders, which allows comparison. In the reliability analysis, the SWLS showed adequate internal consistency (α = 0.81). Conclusion. The SWLS is a useful tool for the study of satisfaction with life in the Ecuadorian adult population.

Resumo Escopo. Analisar as propriedades psicométrica da Escada de Satisfação com a Vida (SWLS) em população equatoriana adulta. Metodologia. Foi feita uma análise fatorial confirmatória na que participaram 756 equatorianos adultos. Resultados. Igual que na escada original, a análise de esta pesquisa mostrou um alto ajuste no modelo com um fator só. Embora os homens apresentaram maiores níveis de satisfação com a vida que as mulheres, a análise de invariância evidenciou que a estrutura fatorial da escada é equivalente em ambos sexos, o que permite sua comparação. Na análise de confiabilidade, a SWLS apresentou adequada consistência interna (α = 0.81). Conclusão. A SWLS é uma ferramenta útil para o estudo da satisfação com a em população adulta equatoriana.

Brooding as moderator of depressive symptoms after a work accident: A longitudinal study.

This study analyzes the relationship between having experienced a work accident and developing depressive symptoms six months later, considering the subjective severity of accidents, the use of both positive and negative religious coping strategies, and brooding as predictors variables. Fifty seven women and 187 men were evaluated during the month following their accident (T1) and six months later (T2). The results show that after controlling for initial depressive symptoms, all predictors showed a statistically significant relationship with depression at six months, including the interaction between brooding and subjective severity of accident. Forty nine percent of resilient participants exhibited low symptoms at T1 and T2, 22% of recovered individuals showed high symptoms at T1 and low symptoms afterwards, 20% of depressive individuals had high symptoms at T1 and T2, and 8% exhibited high symptoms only at T2. High severity, brooding and religious coping at T1 differentiated those who exhibited stable symptoms from those who were resilient. Resilience was specifically predicted with a negative coefficient by the interaction of brooding with subjective severity of accident. We conclude that brooding is a variable that moderates the relationship between subjective severity of accident and the development and maintenance of depressive symptoms. Subjective severity of accident, brooding and negative religious coping are risk factors, while positive religious coping is not a sufficient protection factor.