Regular Practice of Competitive Sports Does Not Impair Sleep in Adolescents: DADOS Study.

PURPOSE: To analyze differences in sleep quality and duration by athletic status and sex, and to examine the association between physical activity (PA) recommendation and sleep in adolescents. METHODS: A total of 267 adolescents [13.9 (0.3) y] from Deporte, ADOlescencia y Salud (DADOS) study (129 girls) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Athletes competed regularly in organized sport events and trained ≥3 days per week, but nonathletes did not compete. PA was assessed by GENEActiv accelerometer. PA values were dichotomized into inactive (<60 min/d of moderate and vigorous PA) and active (≥60 min/d of moderate and vigorous PA). Sleep quality was evaluated with the Spanish version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index values were dichotomized into >5 (poor quality) or ≤5 (good quality). Sleep duration was objectively measured by accelerometer. RESULTS: Sleep quality and duration were not statistically different between athletes [median (Mdn) = 4.0, interquartile range (IQR) = 3.0-6.0 and Mdn = 8.0, IQR = 7.4-8.6 h, respectively] and nonathletes (Mdn = 5.0, IQR = 3.0-7.0 and Mdn = 7.9; IQR = 7.3-8.6 h, respectively), P > .05. Nonathlete or inactive adolescents did not show higher risk for poor sleep quality or short sleep duration than athletes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68-2.00 and OR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.56-1.55, respectively] or active peers (OR = 1.39; 95% CI, 0.66-2.89 and OR = 1.62; 95% CI, 0.78-3.37, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In our group of adolescents, competitive sport practice did not alter sleep patterns. PA recommendations for adolescents may not discriminate between good and poor sleepers.

[Lipid and metabolic profiles in adolescents are affected more by physical fitness than physical activity (AVENA study)]. / El perfil lipídico-metabólico en los adolescentes está más influido por la condición física que por la actividad física (estudio AVENA).

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the level of physical activity or physical fitness (i.e., aerobic capacity and muscle strength) in Spanish adolescents influences lipid and metabolic profiles. METHODS: From a total of 2859 Spanish adolescents (age 13.0-18.5 years) taking part in the AVENA (Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional en Adolescentes) study, 460 (248 male, 212 female) were randomly selected for blood analysis. Their level of physical activity was determined by questionnaire. Aerobic capacity was assessed using the Course-Navette test. Muscle strength was evaluated using manual dynamometry, the long jump test, and the flexed arm hang test. A lipid-metabolic cardiovascular risk index was derived from the levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and glucose. RESULTS: No relationship was found between the level of physical activity and lipid-metabolic index in either sex. In contrast, there was an inverse relationship between the lipid-metabolic index and aerobic capacity in males (P=.003) after adjustment for physical activity level and muscle strength. In females, a favorable lipid-metabolic index was associated with greater muscle strength (P=.048) after adjustment for aerobic capacity. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that, in adolescents, physical fitness, and not physical activity, is related to lipid and metabolic cardiovascular risk. Higher aerobic capacity in males and greater muscle strength in females were associated with lower lipid and metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

El perfil lipídico-metabólico en los adolescentes está más influido por la condición física que por la actividad física (estudio AVENA) / Lipid and metabolic profiles in adolescents are affected more by physical fitness than physical activity (AVENA study)

Introducción y objetivos. Estudiar si la actividad física realizada o el grado de condición física (capacidad aeróbica y fuerza) que poseen los adolescentes españoles, están asociados con su perfil lipídico-metabólico. Métodos. Del total de 2.859 adolescentes españoles (13-18,5 años) evaluados en el estudio AVENA (Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional en Adolescentes), 460 (248 varones y 212 mujeres) fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente para un análisis sanguíneo. Se evaluó el grado de actividad física mediante cuestionarios. La capacidad aeróbica fue estimada a partir del test de Course-Navette. La fuerza muscular se valoró mediante una dinamometría manual, un salto de longitud y la flexión de brazos en una barra. Se calculó un índice lipídico-metabólico de riesgo cardiovascular según las concentraciones de triglicéridos, colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (cLDL), colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (cHDL) y glucosa. Resultados. La actividad física no mostró asociación con el índice lipídico-metabólico en ninguno de los dos sexos. El índice lipídico-metabólico se relacionó inversamente con la capacidad aeróbica en los varones (p = 0,003) tras ajustar por el grado de actividad física y la fuerza muscular. En las mujeres, un perfil lipídico-metabólico más cardiosaludable se asoció con una mayor fuerza muscular (p = 0,048) tras ajustar por la capacidad aeróbica. Conclusiones. Estos resultados indican que en la adolescencia es el grado de condición física, y no tanto la actividad física, lo que se relaciona con el perfil de riesgo lipídico-metabólico. Una alta capacidad aeróbica en varones y un alto grado de fuerza muscular en mujeres se asocian con un menor riesgo lipídico-metabólico de enfermedad cardiovascular (AU)

Introduction and objectives. To determine whether the level of physical activity or physical fitness (i.e., aerobic capacity and muscle strength) in Spanish adolescents influences lipid and metabolic profiles. Methods. From a total of 2859 Spanish adolescents (age 13.0­18.5 years) taking part in the AVENA (Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional en Adolescentes) study, 460 (248 male, 212 female) were randomly selected for blood analysis. Their level of physical activity was determined by questionnaire. Aerobic capacity was assessed using the Course­Navette test. Muscle strength was evaluated using manual dynamometry, the long jump test, and the flexed arm hang test. A lipid­metabolic cardiovascular risk index was derived from the levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and glucose. Results. No relationship was found between the level of physical activity and lipid­metabolic index in either sex. In contrast, there was an inverse relationship between the lipid­metabolic index and aerobic capacity in males (P=.003) after adjustment for physical activity level and muscle strength. In females, a favorable lipid­metabolic index was associated with greater muscle strength (P=.048) after adjustment for aerobic capacity. Conclusions. These results indicate that, in adolescents, physical fitness, and not physical activity, is related to lipid and metabolic cardiovascular risk. Higher aerobic capacity in males and greater muscle strength in females were associated with lower lipid and metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (AU)

Análisis de los golpeos de empeine y puntera en jugadores de elite de fútbol-sala / Analysis of instep and toe kicks in indoor soccer elite players

El lanzamiento de doble penalti es un elemento técnico determinante en Fútbol Sala que puede determinar el resultado final de un partido y que puede suele ser ejecutado con el empeine o con la puntera según la intencionalidad del jugador (buscando el predominio de la colocación o de la velocidad del balón, respectivamente). Un análisis tridimensional detallado del gesto, realizado en situación precompetitiva delm ás alto nivel - lo caul asegura la excelencia en la realización de los gestos golpeos-, filmado mediante cámaras de alta velocidad y analizado con el software Cyborg 3.0, demuestra que el golpeo de empeine se caractriza por un último paso más largo y una menor velocidad de salida del balón que el golpeo de puntera, aunque permite una mayor precisión en el golpeo. El lanzamiento de empeine, para obtener altas velocidades de lanzamiento, recurre a una mayor fase de armado (retroceso) de la pierna chutadora el centro de gravedad se sitúa más elevado. El lanzamiento de puntera, por su parte, produce mayor velocidad de salida del balón, probablemente debido a una mejor mejor transmisión de la fuerza desde el segmento más distal- pie- hacia el móvil (coeficiente de restitución o "rigidez"). Es sin duda el este segmento final de la cadena cinética, el pie, el que determina las características diferenciadoras entre uno y otro golpeo. Conocer en profundidad los elementos similares y diferentes de ambos estilos de lanzamiento nos permititá ofrecer a nuestros deportistas una metodología de entrenamiento más eficaz en función del objetivo pretendido

Double penalty kick is a determinant skill in Indoor Soccer which can determine the final result of a march and that is usually may be performed with instep or punt toe according to the purpose of the player (looking for the predominance of accuracy or velocity of the ball, respectively). A three dimensional analysis of the movemente, in pre-competitive elite situation - what secure the superior quality of the motions executions-, filmed through high velocity camera and analyzed with Cyborg 3.0 software, let us affirm that instep kick is characterized by a longer last step and slower ball start velocity of the ball than the toe kick, but provide a greater accuracy of the kick. To obtain high velocities of the ball in the instep kick, the backward movement of the kicking leg is greater, and the centre of gravity is located higher. In the other side, to kick produces greater ball start velocity of the ball, probably due to a better transmission of force from the latest limb-foot-to the ball (coeficient of restitution or "stifffness"). Undoubtedly, the final limb of kinetic chain, the foot, determines the discriminatory characteristics between one and other kick. Knowing deeply similar and different elements of these two styles of kicking will let us design a more efective training methodology to our athletes according to the pretended objective