SARS-CoV-2 y prematuridad. ¿Existe evidencia de transmisión vertical? / SARS-CoV-2 and prematurity. Any evidence of vertical transmission?

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Índice hiperbárico en la prevención primaria de las complicaciones hipertensivas del embarazo de alto riesgo / Hyperbaric index in the primary prevention of hypertensive complications in high-risk pregnancy

Introducción La preeclampsia (PE) es una importante causa de morbimortalidad fetal, que en el mundo occidental afecta al 2-7% de los embarazos y es responsable de 50.000 muertes anuales. La detección precoz es prioritaria, ya que puede cambiar su curso clínico, pero no se dispone de biomarcadores ni métodos instrumentales de alta sensibilidad y especificidad, solamente el índice hiperbárico tiene una sensibilidad y una especificidad del 99% para la identificación precoz de las gestantes en riesgo de desarrollo de PE, pero está escasamente difundido. Objetivo: Valorar la utilidad del índice hiperbárico en la prevención primaria de las complicaciones hipertensivas del embarazo en un área sanitaria. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo realizado entre los embarazos habidos en nuestra área durante el periodo 2007-2012 (N=11.784). El diagnóstico se estableció mediante el índice hiperbárico y las gestantes en riesgo fueron tratadas con AAS nocturno. Resultados: En las gestantes remitidas a consulta de Nefrología (38,2%), diagnosticadas de alto riesgo de PE y tratadas con AAS 100mg nocturno (desde la semana 17) se redujo la incidencia de episodios de PE un 96,94% (AU)

Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a major cause of fetal morbidity and mortality. In the Western World, PE affects 2-7% of pregnancies and is responsible for 50,000 deaths annually. Early detection is a priority as it can change the clinical course, but there are no biomarkers or instrumental methods with high sensitivity and specificity. Only the hyperbaric index has a sensitivity and specificity of 99% for early identification of pregnant women at risk of developing PE, but its use is not widespread. Objective: To assess the usefulness of the hyperbaric index in the primary prevention of hypertensive pregnancy complications in a public healthcare area. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study of pregnancies that occurred in our area during the period 2007-2012 (N=11,784). The diagnosis was established by the hyperbaric index and pregnant women at risk were treated with ASA at night. Results: In pregnant patients referred to the nephrology clinic (38.2%), diagnosed as high-risk for PE, and treated with 100mg ASA/night (from week 17), the incidence of PE episodes was reduced by 96.94% (AU)

Hyperbaric index in the primary prevention of hypertensive complications in high-risk pregnancy.

INTRODUCTION: Preeclampsia (PE) is a major cause of fetal morbidity and mortality. In the Western World, PE affects 2-7% of pregnancies and is responsible for 50,000 deaths annually. Early detection is a priority as it can change the clinical course, but there are no biomarkers or instrumental methods with high sensitivity and specificity. Only the hyperbaric index has a sensitivity and specificity of 99% for early identification of pregnant women at risk of developing PE, but its use is not widespread. OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of the hyperbaric index in the primary prevention of hypertensive pregnancy complications in a public healthcare area. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of pregnancies that occurred in our area during the period 2007-2012 (N=11,784). The diagnosis was established by the hyperbaric index and pregnant women at risk were treated with ASA at night. RESULTS: In pregnant patients referred to the nephrology clinic (38.2%), diagnosed as high-risk for PE, and treated with 100mg ASA/night (from week 17), the incidence of PE episodes was reduced by 96.94.

[Prevalence of malnutrition in not critically ill older inpatients]. / PREVALENCIA DE DESNUTRICIÓN EN PACIENTES ANCIANOS HOSPITALIZADOS NO CRÍTICOS.

BACKGROUND: Elder people suffer physiological changes and illnes that increase the risk of malnutrition. Nutritional status is a major prognosis factor in older people. This study is aimed at estimating the prevalence of malnutrition among the population of 65 and over inpatients as much at admission as at discharge. METHODS: We conducted a transversal observational study. 174 consecutive inpatients were examined using Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) in the first 48 hours from admission. Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was applied to cancer patients. All patients were submitted the NRS-2002 at discharge. RESULTS: 29.31% of patients were at malnutrition risk according to the results of NRS-2002 at admission. This percentage increased up to 57.89% at discharge. The MNA-SF revealed nutritional alteration in 70.35% (54.65% with malnutrition risk, 15.7% with malnutrition). The NRS-2002 showed that 34.14% of cancer patients presented with nutritional risk; however, according to PG-SGA 56.41% of the cases presented with malnutrition to a certain extent (46.15% with moderate malnutrition and 10.26% with serious malnutrition). There are different groups of patients (older patients, transferred from emergency department, patients with heart failure) who present higher risk of nutritional deterioration while they are hospitalised (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is a very high percentage of 65 and over patients at nutritional risk in our centre, as much at admission as at discharge. It is necessary to install a systematic screening of the nutritional status.

Introducción: los cambios fisiológicos propios del envejecimiento, junto con distintos procesos patológicos, predisponen a los ancianos a la aparición de complicaciones nutricionales, siendo el estado nutricional un factor pronóstico importante. El objetivo del estudio es conocer la prevalencia de desnutrición en los mayores de 65 años en nuestro centro, tanto al ingreso como al alta. Métodos: realizamos un estudio transversal, observacional. Para ello evaluamos 174 pacientes mayores de 65 años que ingresaron de forma consecutiva, mediante la aplicación del Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS- 2002) y el Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) en las primeras 48 horas de ingreso. Los pacientes oncológicos también se evaluaron mediante la Valoración Global Subjetiva Generada por el Paciente (VGS-GP). Al alta se realizó de nuevo el NRS-2002. Resultados: el 29,31% de los pacientes estaban en situación de riesgo nutricional según los resultados del NRS-2002 al ingreso. Este porcentaje aumentaba hasta el 57,89% al alta. El MNA-SF objetivó alteración nutricional en el 70,35% (54,65% riesgo de desnutrición, 15,7% desnutrición). Según el NRS-2002 el 34,14% de los pacientes con cáncer presentaban riesgo nutricional; sin embargo, la VGS-GP mostraba deterioro nutricional en el 56,41% de los casos (46,15% desnutrición moderada y 10,26% desnutrición grave). Existen grupos de pacientes (los de mayor edad, los ingresados de forma urgente, los que presentan insuficiencia cardíaca) con mayor riesgo de deterioro nutricional durante el ingreso (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: el porcentaje de pacientes mayores de 65 años en riesgo nutricional en nuestro centro es muy alto, tanto al ingreso como al alta. Se hace necesario el cribado nutricional sistemático.

Prevalencia de desnutrición en pacientes ancianos hospitalizados no críticos / Prevalence of malnutrition in not critically ill older inpatients

Introducción: los cambios fisiológicos propios del envejecimiento, junto con distintos procesos patológicos, predisponen a los ancianos a la aparición de complicaciones nutricionales, siendo el estado nutricional un factor pronóstico importante. El objetivo del estudio es conocer la prevalencia de desnutrición en los mayores de 65 años en nuestro centro, tanto al ingreso como al alta. Métodos: realizamos un estudio transversal, observacional. Para ello evaluamos 174 pacientes mayores de 65 años que ingresaron de forma consecutiva, mediante la aplicación del Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS- 2002) y el Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) en las primeras 48 horas de ingreso. Los pacientes oncológicos también se evaluaron mediante la Valoración Global Subjetiva Generada por el Paciente (VGS-GP). Al alta se realizó de nuevo el NRS-2002. Resultados: el 29,31% de los pacientes estaban en situación de riesgo nutricional según los resultados del NRS-2002 al ingreso. Este porcentaje aumentaba hasta el 57,89% al alta. El MNA-SF objetivó alteración nutricional en el 70,35% (54,65% riesgo de desnutrición, 15,7% desnutrición). Según el NRS-2002 el 34,14% de los pacientes con cáncer presentaban riesgo nutricional; sin embargo, la VGS-GP mostraba deterioro nutricional en el 56,41% de los casos (46,15% desnutrición moderada y 10,26% desnutrición grave). Existen grupos de pacientes (los de mayor edad, los ingresados de forma urgente, los que presentan insuficiencia cardíaca) con mayor riesgo de deterioro nutricional durante el ingreso (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: el porcentaje de pacientes mayores de 65 años en riesgo nutricional en nuestro centro es muy alto, tanto al ingreso como al alta. Se hace necesario el cribado nutricional sistemático (AU)

Background: elder people suffer physiological changes and illnes that increase the risk of malnutrition. Nutritional status is a major prognosis factor in older people. This study is aimed at estimating the prevalence of malnutrition among the population of 65 and over inpatients as much at admission as at discharge. Methods: we conducted a transversal observational study. 174 consecutive inpatients were examined using Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) in the first 48 hours from admission. Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was applied to cancer patients. All patients were submitted the NRS-2002 at discharge. Results: 29.31% of patients were at malnutrition risk according to the results of NRS-2002 at admission. This percentage increased up to 57.89% at discharge. The MNA-SF revealed nutritional alteration in 70.35% (54.65% with malnutrition risk, 15.7% with malnutrition). The NRS-2002 showed that 34.14% of cancer patients presented with nutritional risk; however, according to PG-SGA 56.41% of the cases presented with malnutrition to a certain extent (46.15% with moderate malnutrition and 10.26% with serious malnutrition). There are different groups of patients (older patients, transferred from emergency department, patients with heart failure) who present higher risk of nutritional deterioration while they are hospitalised (p< 0.05). Conclusions: there is a very high percentage of 65 and over patients at nutritional risk in our centre, as much at admission as at discharge. It is necessary to install a systematic screening of the nutritional status (AU)

Prevalencia de desnutrición en pacientes hospitalizados no críticos / Prevalence of malnutrition in non-critically ill inpatients

Introducción: La desnutrición es un problema frecuente en nuestros hospitales, asociándose a un aumento de la morbi-mortalidad y de los costes económicos y al deterioro de la calidad de vida de los pacientes. El objetivo del estudio es conocer la prevalencia de desnutrición en nuestro centro, tanto al ingreso como al alta. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio transversal, observacional. Para ello evaluamos 277 pacientes mayores de edad que ingresaron de forma consecutiva, mediante la aplicación del Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) en las primeras 48 horas de ingreso y de nuevo al alta. En los pacientes oncológicos también se realizó la Valoración Global Subjetiva Generada por el Paciente (VGS-GP) y en la población de 65 ó más años el Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). Resultados: El 32.49% de los pacientes estaban en situación de riesgo nutricional según los resultados del NRS-2002 al ingreso. Este porcentaje aumentaba hasta el 40.98% al alta. El NRS-2002 mostraba que el 31.15% de los pacientes con cáncer presentaban riesgo nutricional, sin embargo, según la VGS-GP existía algún grado de deterioro nutricional en el 52.54% de los casos (38.98% desnutrición moderada y 13.56% desnutrición grave). Entre los pacientes de 65 ó más años el 29.31% se consideraba en riesgo al aplicar el NRS-2002; el MNA-SF objetivó alteración nutricional en el 70.35% (54.65% riesgo de desnutrición, 15.7% desnutrición). Existen grupos de pacientes, a saber: mayores de 65 años, ingresados desde urgencias, polimedicados, oncológicos y pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca, que presentan un mayor riesgo de deterioro nutricional durante el ingreso (p<0.05). Conclusiones: El porcentaje de pacientes en riesgo nutricional en nuestro centro es muy alto, tanto al ingreso como al alta. Ello hace necesario tratar de instaurar el cribado sistemático del estado nutricional en todos los pacientes hospitalizados (AU)

Background: Malnutrition is a frequent issue in our hospitals, and it is associated with an increase in morbi-mortality and financial costs, together with a decline in the patients’ quality of life. This study is aimed at establishing the prevalence of malnutrition in our health centre, as much at admission as at discharge. Methods: Transversal observational study assessing 277 adult patients, who were admitted consecutively, andapplying the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) in the first 48 hours from admission and then again at discharge. Cancer patients were also submitted the Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) was applied to the population of 65 and over. Results: 32.49% of patients were at malnutrition risk according to the results of NRS-2002 at admission. This percentage increased up to 40.98% at discharge. The NRS-2002 showed that 31.15% of cancer patients presented with nutritional risk; however, according to VGS-GP, 52.54% of the cases presented with nutritional risk to a certain extent (38.98% with moderate malnutrition and 13.56% with serious malnutrition). Among patients aged 65 and over, 29.31% were considered at risk according to the NRS-2002; the MNA-SF revealed nutritional alteration in 70.35% (54.65% with malnutrition risk, 15.7% with malnutrition). There are different groups of patients: 65 years old and over, transferred from the emergency department, multi-medicated, cancer patients and patients with heart failure, who present with a higher risk of nutritional deterioration at admission (p<0.05). Conclusions: There is a very high percentage of patients at nutritional risk in our centre, as much at admission as at discharge. It is therefore necessary to install a systematic screening of the nutritional status for all inpatients (AU)

[Prevalence of malnutrition in not critically ill inpatients]. / Prevalencia de desnutrición en pacientes hospitalizados no críticos.

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a frequent issue in our hospitals, and it is associated with an increase in morbi- mortality and financial costs, together with a decline in the patients' quality of life. This study is aimed at establishing the prevalence of malnutrition in our health centre, as much at admission as at discharge. METHODS: Transversal observational study assessing 277 adult patients, who were admitted consecutively, and applying the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) in the first 48 hours from admission and then again at discharge. Cancer patients were also submitted the Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) was applied to the population of 65 and over. RESULTS: 32.49% of patients were at malnutrition risk according to the results of NRS-2002 at admission. This percentage increased up to 40.98% at discharge. The NRS-2002 showed that 31.15% of cancer patients presented with nutritional risk; however, according to VGS-GP, 52.54% of the cases presented with nutritional risk to a certain extent (38.98% with moderate malnutrition and 13.56% with serious malnutrition). Among patients aged 65 and over, 29.31% were considered at risk according to the NRS-2002; the MNA-SF revealed nutritional alteration in 70.35% (54.65% with malnutrition risk, 15.7% with malnutrition). There are different groups of patients: 65 years old and over, transferred from the emergency department, multi-medicated, cancer patients and patients with heart failure, who present with a higher risk of nutritional deterioration at admission (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is a very high percentage of patients at nutritional risk in our centre, as much at admission as at discharge. It is therefore necessary to install a systematic screening of the nutritional status for all inpatients.

Introducción: La desnutrición es un problema frecuente en nuestros hospitales, asociándose a un aumento de la morbi-mortalidad y de los costes económicos y al deterioro de la calidad de vida de los pacientes. El objetivo del estudio es conocer la prevalencia de desnutrición en nuestro centro, tanto al ingreso como al alta. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio transversal, observacional. Para ello evaluamos 277 pacientes mayores de edad que ingresaron de forma consecutiva, mediante la aplicación del Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) en las primeras 48 horas de ingreso y de nuevo al alta. En los pacientes oncológicos también se realizó la Valoración Global Subjetiva Generada por el Paciente (VGS-GP) y en la población de 65 ó más años el Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). Resultados: El 32.49% de los pacientes estaban en situación de riesgo nutricional según los resultados del NRS-2002 al ingreso. Este porcentaje aumentaba hasta el 40.98% al alta. El NRS-2002 mostraba que el 31.15% de los pacientes con cáncer presentaban riesgo nutricional, sin embargo, según la VGS-GP existía algún grado de deterioro nutricional en el 52.54% de los casos (38.98% desnutrición moderada y 13.56% desnutrición grave). Entre los pacientes de 65 ó más años el 29.31% se consideraba en riesgo al aplicar el NRS-2002; el MNA-SF objetivó alteración nutricional en el 70.35% (54.65% riesgo de desnutrición, 15.7% desnutrición). Existen grupos de pacientes, a saber: mayores de 65 años, ingresados desde urgencias, polimedicados, oncológicos y pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca, que presentan un mayor riesgo de deterioro nutricional durante el ingreso (p.

[Diagnostic hysteroscopy indications and results in Complexo Hospitalario Universitario De Ourense]. / Indicaciones y resultados de la histeroscopia diagnóstica ambulatoria en el Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense.

BACKGROUND: Diagnostic hysteroscopy is an endoscopic technique that allows the evaluation of the endocervical canal and uterine cavity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate indications, complications and referral to operative hysteroscopy. To analyze the correlation between sonographic display, hysteroscopy findings and histological diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective and descriptive study of 904 patients who underwent diagnostic hysteroscopy between January 1, 2008 and June 30, 2012. RESULTS: The most frequent indication was sonographic detection of endometrial polyps (75% were premenopausal and 71.2% postmenopausal). The complication rate associated with the test was 11.4%. The reduction experimented in operative hysteroscopies was from 31.2% in 2008 to 12.2% between January and June 2012. When a polyp or a myoma was detected by sonography, diagnostic hysteroscopy showed them in 64.4% y 62.5% of the cases, respectively. The correlation between hysteroscopic findings and histopathologic diagnosis was 77.7% for normal endometrium, 77.9% for polyps, 17.8% for hyperplasic appearance and 100% for carcinoma suspicion. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic hysteroscopy is a safe technique that allows small interventions avoiding operative hysteroscopies. There is a good relation between hysteroscopic visual inspection and anatomopathologic diagnosis, but biopsy should be taken except if normal endometrium is visualized.

Derivación a las consultas de gastroenterología desde atención primaria: evaluación de dos programas / Referrals to a gastroenterology outpatient clinic from primary care: evaluation of two programs

Objetivo Analizar el efecto de la puesta en marcha de una consulta de alta resolución (CAR) y de un programa de aumento de la capacidad resolutiva de atención primaria (PACRAP) en las derivaciones a las consultas de gastroenterología desde atención primaria y en los recursos utilizados. Métodos Estudio observacional retrospectivo basado en la revisión de las hojas de derivación y de las bases de datos de documentación clínica. Se analizaron el número y el motivo de las derivaciones, los tiempos de demora y el consumo de recursos en dos periodos: anterior (primer cuatrimestre de 2007) y posterior (primer cuatrimestre de 2009) a la puesta en marcha de la CAR y el PACRAP. Resultados Se evaluaron 881 derivaciones en el periodo anterior y 1076 en el posterior, y se halló una disminución de los tiempos de demora en el segundo periodo (80,8±64,34 días frente a 36,1±29,12 días, p<0,001). Las causas de derivación más frecuentes fueron dispepsia (27,7%), alto riesgo de cáncer colorrectal (17,1%), alteración del ritmo intestinal (18,2%), dolor (16%) y reflujo gastroesofágico (11,2%), sin diferencias entre ambos periodos. En el segundo periodo, los tiempos de demora fueron menores en las derivaciones a la CAR (primera consulta: 10,8±9,03 días frente a 42,8±28,67 días, p<0,001; alta: 39,6±80,65 días frente a 128,6±135,34 días, p<0,001). Sin embargo, el número de citas (3,6±2,20 frente a 3,2±1,95, p=0,015) y el coste por derivación (592,7±421,50 € frente a 486,0±309,66 €, p<0,001) fueron más altos. Conclusiones En el periodo estudiado aumentó el número de derivaciones evaluadas con una reducción en la demora. La CAR reduce los tiempos de atención, incrementando los recursos sanitarios utilizados(AU)

Objectives To analyze the effect of implementing a high-resolution clinic (HRC) and an increasing resolution capacity program in primary care (IRCPPC) for referrals to a gastroenterology outpatient clinic from primary care and the resources used. Methods A retrospective and observational study based on a review of referral sheets and databases was performed. We analyzed the number and reason for referrals, delay times and resource consumption in two periods: before (first 4 months of 2007) and after (first 4 months of 2009) the launch of the IRCPPC and HRC. Results In the first and second periods, 881 and 1076 patients, respectively, referred from primary health care were evaluated in the gastroenterology clinic, with a decrease in the delay time in the second period (80.8±64.34 days vs 36.1±29.12 days, p<0.001). The most frequent reasons for referral were dyspepsia (27.7%), high-risk of colorectal cancer (17.1%), disturbance of bowel rhythm (18.2%), abdominal pain (16%), and gastroesophageal reflux (11.2%), with no differences between the two periods. Although delay times until the first visit (10.8±9.03 days vs 42.8±28.67 days, p<0.001) and until discharge (39.6±80.65 days vs 128.6±135.34 days, p<0.001) were lower in referrals to the HRC, the number of visits (3.6±2.20 vs 3.2±1.95, p=0.015) and the cost of referrals (592.7±421.50 € vs 486.0±309.66 €, p<0.001) was higher. Conclusions In the study period the number of referrals increased, while the delay time decreased. Although the HRC reduces delay times, it is associated with an increase in health resource use(AU)

[Referrals to a gastroenterology outpatient clinic from primary care: evaluation of two programs]. / Derivación a las consultas de gastroenterología desde atención primaria: evaluación de dos programas.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effect of implementing a high-resolution clinic (HRC) and an increasing resolution capacity program in primary care (IRCPPC) for referrals to a gastroenterology outpatient clinic from primary care and the resources used. METHODS: A retrospective and observational study based on a review of referral sheets and databases was performed. We analyzed the number and reason for referrals, delay times and resource consumption in two periods: before (first 4 months of 2007) and after (first 4 months of 2009) the launch of the IRCPPC and HRC. RESULTS: In the first and second periods, 881 and 1076 patients, respectively, referred from primary health care were evaluated in the gastroenterology clinic, with a decrease in the delay time in the second period (80.8 ± 64.34 days vs 36.1 ± 29.12 days, p < 0.001). The most frequent reasons for referral were dyspepsia (27.7%), high-risk of colorectal cancer (17.1%), disturbance of bowel rhythm (18.2%), abdominal pain (16%), and gastroesophageal reflux (11.2%), with no differences between the two periods. Although delay times until the first visit (10.8 ± 9.03 days vs 42.8 ± 28.67 days, p < 0.001) and until discharge (39.6 ± 80.65 days vs 128.6 ± 135.34 days, p < 0.001) were lower in referrals to the HRC, the number of visits (3.6 ± 2.20 vs 3.2 ± 1.95, p = 0.015) and the cost of referrals (592.7 ± 421.50 € vs 486.0 ± 309.66 €, p < 0.001) was higher. CONCLUSIONS: In the study period the number of referrals increased, while the delay time decreased. Although the HRC reduces delay times, it is associated with an increase in health resource use.

Lung cancer in women: a comparison with men and an analysis of cases diagnosed in Ourense (Spain) 1999-2006.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: To analyse frequency, characteristics and survival of women with lung cancer (LC), in contrast to male patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in patients with LC diagnosed by histocytology from 1999 to 2006. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The chi-squared test was used to compare variables. RESULTS: A total of 1,290 patients were diagnosed, 190 (14.7%) of them were women, with a mean age of 67±13 years. The percentage of smokers was 17%. Histological types: adenocarcinoma 53%, small cell 21%, squamous cell carcinoma 13%. Surgery was performed (20%) in a higher percentage of women than in men. There were no differences in survival between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Of the total cases diagnosed, 14.7% were women, with a lower percentage of smokers. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type in women. There was no differences in survival compared to men.

Cáncer de pulmón en mujeres, comparativo con hombres: análisis de los casos diagnosticados en el Complexo Hospitalario de Ourense entre 1999 y 2006 / Lung Cancer in Women: a Comparison with Men and an Analysis of Cases Diagnosed in Ourense (Spain) 1999–2006

Introducción y objetivoAnalizar la frecuencia, las características y la supervivencia de las mujeres con cáncer de pulmón (CP), comparándolas con los pacientes varones.Pacientes y métodosEstudio retrospectivo de pacientes diagnosticados de CP mediante citohistología del 1999 al 2006. Se estimó la supervivencia por el método de Kaplan-Meier. Para estimar la relación entre las variables se usó la prueba de chi-cuadrado.ResultadosSe diagnosticaron 1.290 pacientes, el 14,7% mujeres. En el grupo de mujeres la edad media (± desviación estándar) fue de 67±13 años. Eran fumadoras el 17%. Según la citohistología, el 53% eran adenocarcinomas, 21% célula pequeña y 13% epidermoide. Se realizó cirugía (20%) en mayor porcentaje que en los varones. No hubo diferencias de supervivencia con el grupo de los hombres.ConclusionesEl 14,7% de los casos fue diagnosticado en mujeres, siendo el porcentaje de fumadoras menor. La estirpe histológica más frecuente es adenocarcinoma. No hubo diferencias de supervivencia con el grupo de los hombres(AU)

Introduction and objectiveTo analyse frequency, characteristics and survival of women with lung cancer (LC), in contrast to male patients.Patients and methodsA retrospective study was performed in patients with LC diagnosed by histocytology from 1999 to 2006. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The chi-squared test was used to compare variables.ResultsA total of 1,290 patients were diagnosed, 190 (14.7%) of them were women, with a mean age of 67±13 years. The percentage of smokers was 17%. Histological types: adenocarcinoma 53%, small cell 21%, squamous cell carcinoma 13%. Surgery was performed (20%) in a higher percentage of women than in men. There were no differences in survival between the two groups.ConclusionsOf the total cases diagnosed, 14.7% were women, with a lower percentage of smokers. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type in women. There was no differences in survival compared to men(AU)

Risk factors associated with the development of ischemic colitis.

AIM: To ascertain the role of cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular diseases, standard treatments and other diseases in the development of ischemic colitis (IC). METHODS: A retrospective, case-control study was designed, using matched data and covering 161 incident cases of IC who required admission to our hospital from 1998 through 2003. IC was diagnosed on the basis of endoscopic findings and diagnostic or compatible histology. Controls were randomly chosen from a cohort of patients who were admitted in the same period and required a colonoscopy, excluding those with diagnosis of colitis. Cases were matched with controls (ratio 1:2), by age and sex. A conditional logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: A total of 483 patients (161 cases, 322 controls) were included; mean age 75.67 ± 10.03 years, 55.9% women. The principal indications for colonoscopy in the control group were lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage (35.4%), anemia (33.9%), abdominal pain (19.9%) and diarrhea (9.6%). The endoscopic findings in this group were hemorrhoids (25.5%), diverticular disease (30.4%), polyps (19.9%) and colorectal cancer (10.2%). The following variables were associated with IC in the univariate analysis: arterial hypertension (P = 0.033); dyslipidemia (P < 0.001); diabetes mellitus (P = 0.025); peripheral arterial disease (P = 0.004); heart failure (P = 0.026); treatment with hypotensive drugs (P = 0.023); angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; (P = 0.018); calcium channel antagonists (P = 0.028); and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (P < 0.001). Finally, the following variables were independently associated with the development of IC: diabetes mellitus [odds ratio (OR) 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001-3.077, P = 0.046]; dyslipidemia (OR 2.12, 95% CI: 1.26-3.57, P = 0.004); heart failure (OR 3.17, 95% CI: 1.31-7.68, P = 0.01); peripheral arterial disease (OR 4.1, 95% CI: 1.32-12.72, P = 0.015); treatment with digoxin (digitalis) (OR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.084-0.857, P = 0.026); and ASA (OR 1.97, 95% CI: 1.16-3.36, P = 0.012). CONCLUSION: The development of an episode of IC was independently associated with diabetes, dyslipidemia, presence of heart failure, peripheral arterial disease and treatment with digoxin or ASA.

Mouse Dispatched homolog1 is required for long-range, but not juxtacrine, Hh signaling.

Precise patterning of cell types along the dorsal-ventral axis of the spinal cord is essential to establish functional neural circuits. In order to prove the feasibility of studying a single biological process through random mutagenesis in the mouse, we have identified recessive ENU-induced mutations in six genes that prevent normal specification of ventral cell types in the spinal cord. We positionally cloned the genes responsible for two of the mutant phenotypes, smoothened and dispatched, which are homologs of Drosophila Hh pathway components. The Dispatched homolog1 (Disp1) mutation causes lethality at midgestation and prevents specification of ventral cell types in the neural tube, a phenotype identical to the Smoothened (Smo) null phenotype. As in Drosophila, mouse Disp1 is required to move Shh away from the site of synthesis. Despite the existence of a second mouse disp homolog, Disp1 is essential for long-range signaling by both Shh and Ihh ligands. Our data indicate that Shh signaling is required within the notochord to maintain Shh expression and to prevent notochord degeneration. Disp1, unlike Smo, is not required for this juxtacrine signaling by Shh.