Restrictions on persons with disabilities for participating in family and community activities / Restricciones en personas con discapacidad para su participación en actividades familiares y comunitarias

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the influence of functional impairments and limitations activities for persons with disabilities to particípate in family and community activities. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with 4 044 persons with disabilities, selected using probabilistic sampling and a door-to-door active search model in 5 towns in the District of Barranquilla. The data were processed with univariate analysis and bivariate analysis to determine the relationship between the study variables. Results 55.9% of the population were males, 41.6% were between 15 and 44 years of age, and 92.9% belonged to the lower socioeconomic stratum. 82.9% reported mobility limitations and 99% reported barriers to access non-formal learning activities, 98.6% to access public activities, and 97.5% to access productive activities. Individuals with that a lower limitation in exercising the power of reason, particularly thinking, can increase participation in activities with family and friends (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-0.9), with the community (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.9), religious or spiritual activities (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7-0.9). Conclusions There is a directly proportional relationship between structural impairment with the development of dependency and limited family, social, and work participation in the persons with disabilities.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar la influencia de las limitaciones funcionales de las personas con discapacidad sobre su participación en actividades familiares y comunitarias. Método Estudio transversal en 4 044 personas con discapacidad, seleccionadas mediante muestreo probabilístico y búsqueda activa casa a casa en 5 municipios del distrito de barranquilla. Se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado para determinar la relación entre las variables estudiadas. Resultados El 55.9% de la población fue de sexo masculino, 41.6% tenían entre 15 y 44 años de edad, y 92.9% pertenecían al estrato socioeconómico bajo. El 82.9% reportó limitaciones de movilidad; 99% reportó barreras para acceder a actividades de aprendizaje no formal, 98.6% para acceder a actividades públicas y 97.5% para acceder a actividades productivas. Las personas con menor limitación cognitiva pueden aumentar su participación en actividades con familiares, amigos (OR, 0.8; ic 95%, 0.6-0.9), con la comunidad (OR, 0.7; IC 95%, 0.6-0.9) y en actividades religiosas (OR, 0.8; IC DEL 95%, 0.7-0.9). Conclusiones Existe una relación directamente proporcional entre el deterioro estructural, la dependencia y la limitada participación familiar, social y laboral en personas con discapacidad.

Restrictions on persons with disabilities for participating in family and community activities.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the influence of functional impairments and limitations activities for persons with disabilities to particípate in family and community activities. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with 4 044 persons with disabilities, selected using probabilistic sampling and a door-to-door active search model in 5 towns in the District of Barranquilla. The data were processed with univariate analysis and bivariate analysis to determine the relationship between the study variables. RESULTS: 55.9% of the population were males, 41.6% were between 15 and 44 years of age, and 92.9% belonged to the lower socioeconomic stratum. 82.9% reported mobility limitations and 99% reported barriers to access non-formal learning activities, 98.6% to access public activities, and 97.5% to access productive activities. Individuals with that a lower limitation in exercising the power of reason, particularly thinking, can increase participation in activities with family and friends (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-0.9), with the community (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.9), religious or spiritual activities (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7-0.9). CONCLUSIONS: There is a directly proportional relationship between structural impairment with the development of dependency and limited family, social, and work participation in the persons with disabilities.

Actividad física y su relación con la inteligencia emocional y el bullying en niños y adolescentes escolarizados / Relationship between physical activity and emotional intelligence and bullying among school children / Atividade física e seu relacionamento com a inteligência emocional e o bullying em crianças e adolescentes escolarizados

El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar el nivel de actividad física en niños, niñas y adolescentes y su relación con la inteligencia emocional y el bullying. Estudio de corte transversal en 991 niños, niñas y adolescentes entre 7 y 17 años de edad de 16 escuelas públicas de la ciudad; se aplicó el Cuestionario de Actividad Física para niños escolares y el Cuestionario de Actividad Física para Adolescentes; la Lista de Chequeo: Mi Vida en la Escuela para determinar los índices de bullying y general de agresión, el riesgo de bullying y conductas positivas y negativas; y el TMMS-24, para evaluar la atención, claridad y reparación emocional. La relación entre los niveles de actividad física, el bullying y la inteligencia emocional se realizó a través de un análisis de regresión logística binaria. El 65.4% de los participantes tienen bajos niveles de actividad física; el Índice de bullying fue del 55.6%. Los estudiantes que no realizan actividad física de manera regular tienen mayor probabilidad de ser víctima de acoso escolar [OR 1.3 (IC 95%: 1.1-1.6)], de agresión general [OR 1.4 (IC 95%: 1.1-1.8)] y de bajo control de sus sentimientos en las mujeres [OR 1.6 (IC 95%: 1.1-2.5)]. Los estudiantes que no realizan actividad física de manera regular tienen mayor probabilidad de ser víctimas de acoso escolar, bullying y agresión general. La inclusión de la actividad física en los programas preventivos del acoso y violencia escolar es un imperativo en los colegios estudiados

This work aims to determine the relationship between the level of physical activity in children, emotional intelligence, and bullying. A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted on 991 children, and adolescents between ages seven and 17 years from a sample of 16 public schools in Barranquilla, Colombia. the participants completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for children and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for adolescents, along with the My Life at School questionnaire to determine the indexes of bullying and general aggression, the risk of bullying, and positive and negative behaviors. The Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 was used to evaluate attention, clarity, and emotional repair ability. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship among levels of physical activity, bullying, and emotional intelligence. A total of 65.4% of the participants had low levels of physical activity. The Bullying index was 55.6%. The students who did not regularly engage in physical activity had a higher probability of being victims of school harassment [OR 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1-1.6)] and higher levels of general aggression [OR 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1-1.8)]. Furthermore, the females who did not regularly engage in physical activity reported having less control of their feelings [OR 1.6 (95% CI: 1.1-2.5)]. The results indicate that physical activity should be encouraged in schools to prevent bullying and violence

El objeto do presente estudo é determinar o nivel de atividade física em crianças e adolescentes e seu relacionamento com a inteligencia emocional e o bullying. Estudo de corte transversal em 991 crianças e adolescentes entre 7 y 17 años de idade de 16 escolas públicas da ciudade; Foi aplicado O Teste de Atividade Física para escolares e O teste de Atividade Física para Adolescentes; a lista de revisão: Minha Vida na Escola para determinar os índices de bullying e geral de agressão,o risco de bullying e condutas positivas e negativas; e o TMMS-24, para evaluar a atenção, claridade e reparação emocional. A relação entre os níveis de atividade física, o bullying e a inteligencia emocional foi feita a través de um análise de regresão logística binaria. O 65.4% dos participantes tem baixos níveis de atividade física; O Índice de bullying foi do 55.6%. Os estudiantes que nao fazem actividade física regularmente tem maior probabilidade de ser vítima de assédio escolar [OR 1.3 (IC 95%: 1.1-1.6)], de agressão geral [OR 1.4 (IC 95%: 1.1-1.8)] e de baixo control de seus sentimientos nas mulheres [OR 1.6 (IC 95%: 1.1-2.5)]. Os estudiantes que nao fazem atividade física de manera regular tem maior probabilidade de ser vítimas de assédio escolar, bullying e agressão geral. A inclusão da atividade física nos programas preventivos de assédioe violencia escolar é um imperativo nas escolas estudadas

Evaluación de los niveles de actividad física en universitarios mediante método directo / Physical activity level assessment in university students by direct method

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar a través de un método de medición directo de la actividad física, las categorías en las que se ubican un grupo de estudiantes universitarios; así como relacionar estas categorías con variables de tipo sociodemográfico y antropométrico. Métodos Estudio de corte transversal y fase comparativa en 601 estudiantes universitarios a los que se les indagó sobre las variables sociodemográficas: género, edad, estado civil y estrato socioeconómico y autopercepción de salud. Se determinó el Índice de Masa Corporal y los niveles de actividad física mediante el Test de Clasificación de Sedentarismo de Pérez-Rojas-García sobre el comportamiento de la frecuencia cardíaca. Resultados Se observó diferencias significativas (p=0,000) en la frecuencia cardíaca entre activos e inactivos, en los inactivos fue de 143,4 p/m en comparación con 115,1 p/m en los activos. Con respecto a los resultados de la regresión logística, los estudiantes de género femenino presentan mayor riesgo de ser inactivos físicamente con la prueba objetiva [OR 2,6 (1,9-3,6)]; asimismo, se observa que las personas con sobrepeso y obesidad tienen mayor probabilidad de ser inactivos [OR 1,9 (1,4-2,9)]. Conclusión Se evidencia una elevada frecuencia de inactividad física en la población universitaria, asociada significativamente a la obesidad y al género femenino, datos que se convierten en una línea de base fundamental para la elaboración de programas de entrenamiento y actividad física específicos para población universitaria.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objectives To identify the categories in which a group of university students are classified by directly measuring physical activity, and to relate these categories with socio-demographic and anthropometric variables. Materials and Methods Cross-sectional and comparative phase study in 601 university students who were interviewed to inquire about socio-demographic variables such as sex, age, marital status, socioeconomic status and self- perceived health. Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity levels were determined by applying the Perez-Rojas-García Sedentarism Classification Test on heart rate behavior. Results Significant heart rate differences (p=0.000) between the active and the inactive group of university students were observed. The inactive group had a heart rate of 143.4 bpm compared to 115.1 bpm in the active group. Regarding the results of the logistic regression, female students had a greater risk of being physically inactive in the objective test [OR 2.6 (1.9 to 3.6)], while overweight and obese people are more likely to be inactive [OR 1.9 (1.4-2.9)]. Conclusion The assessment shows that a high prevalence of physical inactivity in university students is significantly associated with obesity and the female sex. This Information is fundamental for designing specific training programs and physical activities for university students.(AU)

[Physical activity level assessment in university students by direct method]. / Evaluación de los niveles de actividad física en universitarios mediante método directo.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the categories in which a group of university students are classified by directly measuring physical activity, and to relate these categories with socio-demographic and anthropometric variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional and comparative phase study in 601 university students who were interviewed to inquire about socio-demographic variables such as sex, age, marital status, socioeconomic status and self- perceived health. Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity levels were determined by applying the Perez-Rojas-García Sedentarism Classification Test on heart rate behavior. RESULTS: Significant heart rate differences (p=0.000) between the active and the inactive group of university students were observed. The inactive group had a heart rate of 143.4 bpm compared to 115.1 bpm in the active group. Regarding the results of the logistic regression, female students had a greater risk of being physically inactive in the objective test [OR 2.6 (1.9 to 3.6)], while overweight and obese people are more likely to be inactive [OR 1.9 (1.4-2.9)]. CONCLUSION: The assessment shows that a high prevalence of physical inactivity in university students is significantly associated with obesity and the female sex. This Information is fundamental for designing specific training programs and physical activities for university students.

OBJETIVO: Identificar a través de un método de medición directo de la actividad física, las categorías en las que se ubican un grupo de estudiantes universitarios; así como relacionar estas categorías con variables de tipo sociodemográfico y antropométrico. MÉTODOS: Estudio de corte transversal y fase comparativa en 601 estudiantes universitarios a los que se les indagó sobre las variables sociodemográficas: género, edad, estado civil y estrato socioeconómico y autopercepción de salud. Se determinó el Índice de Masa Corporal y los niveles de actividad física mediante el Test de Clasificación de Sedentarismo de Pérez-Rojas-García sobre el comportamiento de la frecuencia cardíaca. RESULTADOS: Se observó diferencias significativas (p=0,000) en la frecuencia cardíaca entre activos e inactivos, en los inactivos fue de 143,4 p/m en comparación con 115,1 p/m en los activos. Con respecto a los resultados de la regresión logística, los estudiantes de género femenino presentan mayor riesgo de ser inactivos físicamente con la prueba objetiva [OR 2,6 (1,9-3,6)]; asimismo, se observa que las personas con sobrepeso y obesidad tienen mayor probabilidad de ser inactivos [OR 1,9 (1,4-2,9)]. CONCLUSIÓN: Se evidencia una elevada frecuencia de inactividad física en la población universitaria, asociada significativamente a la obesidad y al género femenino, datos que se convierten en una línea de base fundamental para la elaboración de programas de entrenamiento y actividad física específicos para población universitaria.

Estilos de vida saludables de niños, niñas y adolescentes / Healthy lifestyles of children and adolescents

Resumen Objetivo: Describir los estilos de vida saludables de niños, niñas y adolescentes de Barranquilla. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 991 niños, niñas y adolescentes. Se evaluó la actividad física mediante los cuestionarios de Actividad Física para Adolescentes y para niños escolares; se aplicó una encuesta que midió los conocimientos y prácticas de los escolares sobre salud bucal, lavado de manos, consumo de frutas y verduras y cuidado postural; la Lista de Chequeo "Mi Vida en la Escuela", la cual evalúa los índices de "bullying" y agresión; y la inteligencia emocional a través dela escala TMMS-24. Resultados: El 65,4 % se categoriza como inactivos físicamente. Solo el 14,7% de los estudiantes reconoce que el peso máximo del bolso es el 10 % de su peso corporal; el 34,1 % cambia el cepillo de dientes cada 3 meses, como lo recomiendan los expertos, y 48,4 % se cepilla los dientes entre 2 y 3 veces al día. El 16,6 % no se lava las manos antes y después de ir al baño y 9,4 % no lo hace antes y después de las comidas; el 17,5 % no tiene un buen consumo de verduras y frutas; y se encontró un Índice de "bullying" en el 55,6 % de los participantes. Conclusión: Los anteriores resultados obligan a plantear intervenciones que incrementen las prácticas saludables en niños, niñas y adolescentes.

Abstract Objective: To describe the healthy lifestyles of children and adolescents in Barranquilla. Materials and methods: descriptive cross-sectional study in 991 children and adolescents. Physical activity was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and school children; a survey that measured the knowledge and practices of school oral health, hand washing, eating fruits and vegetables and postural care was applied; the Checklist "My Life in School", which evaluates rates bullying and aggression; and emotional intelligence through the TMMS-24 scale. Results: The 65.4% were categorized as physically inactive. Only 14.7 % of students recognize that the maximum weight of the bag is 10% of their body weight; 34.1% change the toothbrush every three months as recommended by experts and 48,4% % brushes his teeth between 2 and 3 times a day; 16.6 % do not wash their hands before and after using the toilet and 9.4 % do not have before and after meals; 17.5 % have a good intake of vegetables and fruits; Index bullying and was found in 55.6 % of participants. Conclusion: The above results raise require interventions that increase healthy practices in children and adolescents.

Educación sanitaria para la calidad de vida y empoderamiento de la salud de personas mayores / Health education for quality of life and health empowerment of elderly

Objetivo: Determinar cambios en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y empoderamiento de la salud en un grupo de adultos mayores al aplicar un programa educativo. Método: Estudio cuasi experimental, en un grupo experimento de 52 adultos mayores. Se evaluó la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y el empoderamiento de la salud antes y después de un programa educativo relacionado con las enfermedades no transmisibles, basado en las guías metodológicas diseñadas por las investigadoras, y aplicado durante 8 semanas. Resultados: Se encontró que un 38% de las personas presentaron riesgo cardiovascular moderado y un 33% riesgo alto/extremo; el 58% presentó hipertensión, el 20% diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 y el 8% reportó dislipidemia. En la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud se observaron cambios favorables en las dimensiones de actividades sociales (p = 0,049), cambio en el estado de salud (p = 0,004), estado de salud (p = 0,045), dolor (p = 0,43) y puntuación total de las viñetas COOP WONCA (p = 0,005). En los cambios ocurridos en el empoderamiento de la salud se encontró significación estadística en la dimensión "Me conozco lo suficiente para escoger lo que más conviene a mi salud" (p = 0,006). Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que la educación sanitaria sobre las enfermedades no trasmisibles mejora la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y aportan al empoderamiento de la salud en las personas mayores

Objective: To determine changes in quality of life related to health and health empowerment in a group of elderly people by applying an educational program. Method: quasi-experimental study, in a group of 52 seniors. The quality of life related to health and health empowerment before and after the educational program related to noncommunicable diseases was evaluated, basing on methodological guidelines designed by the researchers, and applying it for eight weeks. Results: It was found that 38% of people had moderate cardiovascular risk, 33% high / extreme risk; 58% had hypertension, 20% diabetes mellitus type 2, and 8% reported dyslipidemia. In the quality of life related to health favorable changes were observed in the dimensions of social activities (p = 0.049), change in health status (p = 0.004), health status (p = 0.045), pain (p = 0,43) and total score of the COOP WONCA (p = 0.005). On changes in health empowerment, it was found statistical significance in the dimension "I know me enough to choose what is the best for my health" (p = 0.006). Conclusions: The results show that health education on chronic noncommunicable diseases improve the quality of life related to health and contribute to the empowerment of health in the elderly

Factores sociodemográficos y motivacionales asociados a la actividad física en estudiantes universitarios / Levels of physical activity among colombian university students

Background: Physical inactivity is an important risk factor for chronic diseases in Western societies. Aim: To determine the sociodemographic and motivational factors associated with physical activity in college students. Material and Methods: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) -short form- and the “motives for physical activities measure-revised” (MPAM-R) questionnaire were applied to 900 university students aged 20 ± 3 years (60% women). The frequency, level and motivations for engaging in physical activity and associated demographic factors were analyzed. Results: Twenty two percent of students were classified as having a high level of physical activity, 54.8% had a low level and 13.9% were considered inactive. According to MET consumption, 68.9% of students are inactive and only 16.8% of students classified as very active. Ninety two percent of active students performed physical activity for health reasons. A significant association between gender and social motivation was observed. Conclusions: A high prevalence of physical inactivity was found in these students. Males showed higher levels of physical activity than females.

[Levels of physical activity among colombian university students]. / Factores sociodemográficos y motivacionales asociados a la actividad física en estudiantes universitarios.

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is an important risk factor for chronic diseases in Western societies. AIM: To determine the sociodemographic and motivational factors associated with physical activity in college students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) -short form- and the "motives for physical activities measure-revised" (MPAM-R) questionnaire were applied to 900 university students aged 20 ± 3 years (60% women). The frequency, level and motivations for engaging in physical activity and associated demographic factors were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty two percent of students were classified as having a high level of physical activity, 54.8% had a low level and 13.9% were considered inactive. According to MET consumption, 68.9% of students are inactive and only 16.8% of students classified as very active. Ninety two percent of active students performed physical activity for health reasons. A significant association between gender and social motivation was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of physical inactivity was found in these students. Males showed higher levels of physical activity than females.