Pacientes españoles con síndrome de hipoventilación central incluidos en el Registro europeo. Datos del 2015 / Spanish patients with central hypoventilation syndrome included in the European Registry. The 2015 data

INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de hipoventilación central congénita (SHCC) es una enfermedad genética muy rara causada por mutaciones en PHOX2B; en 2010 se creó el Consorcio Europeo del Síndrome de Hipoventilación Central, que en 2012 implantó un Registro online de pacientes para optimizar su cuidado. OBJETIVO: Conocer las características y la evolución de los pacientes españoles con SHCC y detectar áreas de mejora. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Se analizaron los datos actualizados en diciembre del 2015 de los pacientes españoles del Registro europeo. RESULTADOS: Se registró a 38 pacientes, nacidos entre 1987 y 2013, procedentes de 18 hospitales. El 34,2% eran mayores de 18 años. Han fallecido 3 pacientes. Aportaban estudio del gen PHOX2B 37 (97,3%), 32 (86,5%) con mutación. Los genotipos 20/25, 20/26 y 20/27 representaron el 84,3% de las mutaciones. Las disautonomías fueron más frecuentes y graves en portadores de genotipos con mayores expansiones de polialaninas. El 47% de pacientes asociaba alteraciones oculares, el 16% Hirschsprung, el 13% hipoglucemias y el 5% tumores. Treinta pacientes (79%) debutaron en el periodo neonatal y 8 (21%) posteriormente (inicio/diagnóstico tardío). Ocho niños (21%) recibieron inicialmente ventilación domiciliaria con mascarilla; 5 eran lactantes con comienzo neonatal, 2 de ellos precisaron cambio a traqueostomía tras presentar parada cardiorrespiratoria; ambos tenían mutaciones graves. Han sido decanulados y transferidos a mascarilla el 34,3% de los pacientes (edad media: 13,7 años). El 29,4% de los niños escolarizados precisaron refuerzo educativo. CONCLUSIÓN: La implementación del Registro en España de pacientes con SHCC ha permitido identificar aspectos relevantes para optimizar sus cuidados, tales como la importancia del estudio genético para el diagnóstico y la estimación de gravedad, la frecuencia elevada de alteraciones oculares y de necesidad de refuerzo educativo, y algunas limitaciones de las técnicas ventilatorias

INTRODUCTION: Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) is a very rare genetic disease. In 2012 the European Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (EuCHS) Consortium created an online patient registry in order to improve care. AIM: To determine the characteristics and outcomes of Spanish patients with CCHS, and detect clinical areas for improvement. MATERIALS AND METHOD: An assessment was made on the data from Spanish patients in the European Registry, updated on December 2015. RESULTS: The Registry contained 38 patients, born between 1987 and 2013, in 18 hospitals. Thirteen (34.2%) were older than 18 years. Three patients had died. Genetic analysis identified PHOX2B mutations in 32 (86.5%) out of 37 patients assessed. The 20/25, 20/26 and 20/27 polyalanine repeat mutations (PARMs) represented 84.3% of all mutations. Longer PARMs had more, as well as more severe, autonomic dysfunctions. Eye diseases were present in 47%, with 16% having Hirschsprung disease, 13% with hypoglycaemia, and 5% with tumours. Thirty patients (79%) required ventilation from the neonatal period onwards, and 8 (21%) later on in life (late onset/presentation). Eight children (21%) were using mask ventilation at the first home discharge. Five of them were infants with neonatal onset, two of them, both having a severe mutation, were switched to tracheostomy after cardiorespiratory arrest at home. Approximately one-third (34.3%) of patients were de-cannulated and switched to mask ventilation at a mean age of 13.7 years. Educational reinforcement was required in 29.4% of children attending school. CONCLUSION: The implementation of the EuCHS Registry in Spain has identified some relevant issues for optimising healthcare, such as the importance of genetic study for diagnosis and assessment of severity, the high frequency of eye disease and educational reinforcement, as well as some limitations in ventilatory techniques

[Spanish patients with central hypoventilation syndrome included in the European Registry. The 2015 data]. / Pacientes españoles con síndrome de hipoventilación central incluidos en el Registro europeo. Datos del 2015.

INTRODUCTION: Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) is a very rare genetic disease. In 2012 the European Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (EuCHS) Consortium created an online patient registry in order to improve care. AIM: To determine the characteristics and outcomes of Spanish patients with CCHS, and detect clinical areas for improvement. MATERIALS AND METHOD: An assessment was made on the data from Spanish patients in the European Registry, updated on December 2015. RESULTS: The Registry contained 38 patients, born between 1987 and 2013, in 18 hospitals. Thirteen (34.2%) were older than 18 years. Three patients had died. Genetic analysis identified PHOX2B mutations in 32 (86.5%) out of 37 patients assessed. The 20/25, 20/26 and 20/27 polyalanine repeat mutations (PARMs) represented 84.3% of all mutations. Longer PARMs had more, as well as more severe, autonomic dysfunctions. Eye diseases were present in 47%, with 16% having Hirschsprung disease, 13% with hypoglycaemia, and 5% with tumours. Thirty patients (79%) required ventilation from the neonatal period onwards, and 8 (21%) later on in life (late onset/presentation). Eight children (21%) were using mask ventilation at the first home discharge. Five of them were infants with neonatal onset, two of them, both having a severe mutation, were switched to tracheostomy after cardiorespiratory arrest at home. Approximately one-third (34.3%) of patients were de-cannulated and switched to mask ventilation at a mean age of 13.7 years. Educational reinforcement was required in 29.4% of children attending school. CONCLUSION: The implementation of the EuCHS Registry in Spain has identified some relevant issues for optimising healthcare, such as the importance of genetic study for diagnosis and assessment of severity, the high frequency of eye disease and educational reinforcement, as well as some limitations in ventilatory techniques.

Combined Cerebral and Renal Near-Infrared Spectroscopy After Congenital Heart Surgery.

The maintenance of an adequate oxygen supply to tissues after congenital heart surgery is essential for good outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for estimating central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) using both cerebral and renal measurements, explore its relation with cardiac output measurements and check its ability to detect low cardiac output. A prospective observational pilot study was conducted in patients weighing <10 kg undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Spectroscopy probes were placed on the forehead and renal area, and serial cardiac output measurements were obtained by femoral transpulmonary thermodilution over the first 24 h after surgery. In the 15 patients studied, ScvO2 was correlated with cerebral (r = 0.58), renal (r = 0.60) and combined (r = 0.71) measurements. Likewise, the systolic index was correlated with the NIRS signals: cerebral (r = 0.60), renal (r = 0.50) and combined (r = 0.66). Statistically significant differences were found in the NIRS measures registered in the 29 low cardiac output events detected by thermodilution: cerebral: 62 % (59-65) versus 69 % (63-76); renal: 83 % (70-89) versus 89 % (83-95); and combined 64 % (60-69) versus 72 % (67-76). In our series, combined cerebral and renal monitoring was correlated with central venous oxygen saturation and cardiac output; low cardiac output detection associated a different spectroscopy pattern.