The Place of Religiosity and Spirituality in Frankl's Logotherapy: Distinguishing Salvific and Hygienic Objectives.

The relationship between psychology and religion has been widely debated in the field of psychology from its foundation as an empirical science to the present day. One author who was interested in the relationship between psychology and religion, the place of the latter in human nature, and its role in psychotherapy was the Viennese neurologist, psychiatrist, and philosopher Viktor Emil Frankl (1905-1997), the founder of logotherapy. This paper presents Frankl's main ideas about religion, the religious nature of the human being, and the relationship between religiosity, psychotherapy, and logotherapy, as well as a review of the main criticisms he has received in this regard. Frankl always defended the differences and limits between religion and psychotherapy, between the priestly cure of souls and the medical cure of souls, and between the salvific objective of religion and the hygienic objective of psychotherapy. In our opinion, critical authors have failed to appreciate Frankl's efforts to expose this distinction.

Difficulties in emotional regulation mediates the impact of burden on quality of life and mental health in a sample of family members of people diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder.

Background: Although it has been suggested that family members of persons suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) endure high levels of burden, however, the process and the impact of this burden in their lives, and specifically the relation between the burden and emotional regulation has not been broadly investigated among this population. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of burden on quality of life and depression, anxiety and stress, as mediated by difficulties in emotional regulation in family members of persons diagnosed with BPD. Method: Participants were 167 family members of persons diagnosed with BPD. The Burden Assessment Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Multicultural Quality of Life Index, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 were filled out. Mediation analysis was conducted using the Maximum Likelihood estimator, bootstrap method and listwise deletion for missing data. Results: Burden showed a significant, negative effect on quality of life and positive on depression, anxiety and stress. Difficulties in emotion regulation significantly mediated these relations. After accounting for the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation, burden still had an impact on quality of life, depression, anxiety and stress. Women showed a higher level in both burden and stress than men. The caregivers with secondary and higher studies showed higher levels in burden than those with no studies. Not significant differences in burden, emotion regulation, depression, anxiety and stress were found related to marital status. Conclusion: Difficulties in emotion regulation mediate the relations between burden and quality of life, depression, anxiety, and stress. Family members could engage in group interventions designed specifically for family members of people with BPD, oriented toward understanding the disorder or learning skills.

A systematic review of the effectiveness of meaning-centred psychotherapies in depressed participants.

Depression is a mental disorder that is associated with low quality of life, increased risk of suicide and a high economic cost for society. Meta-analyses indicate that Meaning Centred Psychotherapies (MCP) are an efficacious psychotherapy to reduce depression in participants with chronic illness and cancer. However, to date, no systematic review has analysed the effectiveness of MCP in depressed participants who do not have a physical illness or cancer. The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review to analyse the effectiveness of MCP in participants with depression and no physical illness. The search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA). Six studies (two randomised controlled trials and four quasi-experimental studies) were included in the systematic review. The results indicate that MCP is more effective than a control group as waitlist (four studies), psychoeducation group (one study), and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT, one study), in reducing depressive symptoms, improving meaning in life and reducing anxiety in participants without physical illness. MCP would be considered a probably efficacious treatment for depression. However, further research with better experimental designs will be necessary to confirm the effectiveness of MCP for depression.

Magda Arnold's understanding of the human person: Thomistic personalism, psychophysical unity of the person, integration of personality, and transcendence.

Magda Arnold (1903-2002) is well known for her research on emotions, motivation, and memory from a neurological, physiological, and psychological point of view. However, her works in the field of the anthropological foundations of personality are less known and discussed. The present study presents some aspects of Arnold's conception of a human's nature as being based or convergent on Aquinas's doctrine: (a) a nonreductionist conception of the human being, (b) the psychophysical unity of the person, (c) the self-ideal as it ought to be as the main factor of personality integration, and (d) God as the origin and ultimate goal of human existence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Family connections in the treatment of relatives of people with eating disorders and personality disorders: study protocol of a randomized control trial.

BACKGROUND: Eating disorders (EDs) are serious disorders that significantly affect not only the lives of patients, but also those of their family members who often experience high levels of burden, suffering and helplessness. If, in addition to ED, the patient has a personality disorder (PD), the psychological distress experienced by family members can be devastating. However, few treatments have been developed for family members of people with ED and PD. Family Connections (FC) is a programme that has been shown to be effective for family members of people with borderline personality disorder. The overall aims of this work are: (a) to adapt FC for application to family members of patients with BPD-PD (FC: ED-PD); (b) to analyse, in a randomised controlled clinical trial, the efficacy of this programme in a Spanish population, compared to a control condition consisting of treatment as usual optimised treatment (TAU-O); (c) to analyse the feasibility of the intervention protocol; (d) to analyse whether the changes that may occur in relatives are related to improvements in the family climate and/or improvements observed in patients; and (e) to analyse the perceptions and opinions of relatives and patients about the two intervention protocols. METHODS: The study uses a two-arm randomised controlled clinical trial with two experimental conditions: adaptation of FC programme (FC: ED-PD) or Treatment as usual optimised (TAU-O). Participants will be family members of patients who meet DSM-5 criteria for ED and PD or dysfunctional personality traits. Participants will be assessed before and after treatment and at one-year follow-up. The intention-to-treat principle will be used when analysing the data. DISCUSSION: The results obtained are expected to confirm the effectiveness of the programme and its good acceptance by family members. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05404035. Accepted: May 2022.

Spanish adaptation of the Burden Assessment Scale in family caregivers of people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder.

BACKGROUND: Caregiving is a strong source of stress and leads the family caregiver to experience the burden of being responsible for the care of a severely mentally ill family member. The Burden Assessment Scale (BAS) assesses burden in family caregivers. This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the BAS in a sample of family caregivers of people diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). METHODS: Participants were 233 Spanish family caregivers (157 women and 76 men aged between 16-76 years old, M = 54.44, SD = 10.09) of people diagnosed with BPD. The BAS, the Multicultural Quality of Life Index, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 were used. RESULTS: An exploratory analysis resulted in a three-factor 16-item model (Disrupted Activities; Personal and Social Dysfunction; Worry, Guilt, and Being Overwhelmed) with an excellent fit (χ2(101) = 56.873, p = 1.000, CFI = 1.000, TLI = 1.000, RMSEA = .000, SRMR = .060), good internal consistency (ω = .93), a negative correlation with quality of life, and a positive correlation with anxiety, depression, and stress. CONCLUSION: The model obtained for the BAS is a valid, reliable, and useful tool for assessing burden in family caregivers of relatives diagnosed with BPD.

Psychometric properties of the Purpose In Life-Short Form in the Spanish population.

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Purpose in Life Test-Short Form (PIL-SF), a brief self-report measure of the presence of meaning in life (MiL). Participants were 349 nonclinical Spanish undergraduates (225 women, 64.5%, and 124 men, 35.5%), age ranged between 18 and 26 years (M = 20.85; SD = 2.16). The PIL-SF, the Seeking of Noetic Goals-8 Items (SONG-8), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) were used. Descriptive analysis, estimation of the internal consistency, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the PIL-SF were conducted, and correlations between the PIL-SF and the SONG-8, the SWLS, and the OHQ were calculated. The PIL-SF showed good internal consistency and an excellent fit as a unidimensional scale confirming its factorial structure. Regarding construct validity, correlations between the PIL-SF and SWLS (r= 0.59) and OHQ (r = 0.56) were positive, significant (p < 0.001), while correlation between PIL-SF and SONG-8 was negative, significant (r = -0.23, p < 0.001). The Spanish adaptation of PIL-SF seems to be a valid measure of MiL with good internal consistency.

Multicultural Quality of Life Index in Relatives of People With Borderline Personality Disorder.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to confirm the original factor structure of the Multicultural Quality of Life Index (MQLI) and analyze its psychometric properties in a sample of caregivers of people with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Methods: The MQLI was administered to 233 relatives of people with BPD. Participants completed the MQLI, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Results: Factor analysis of the relatives indicated that the MQLI generated a one-factor solution. The MQLI showed good internal consistency, ϖ = 0.91 [95% CI (0.90, 0.93)] and correlated significantly and positively with the CD-RISC (r s = 0.576) and negatively with the DASS-21 (r s = -0.583). Conclusion: Consistent with other studies, the MQLI demonstrated feasibility, strong internal consistency, and good convergent and discriminant validity, which means it is a psychometrically robust measure for the assessment of quality of life in relatives of people with BPD. Along with other validation studies, this measure will be a useful tool for assessing quality of life in relatives of people with mental disorders.

Striving for Personal Perfection: Rudolf Allers's Psycho-Ethic-Metaphysical Approach to Character and Self-Improvement.

The Viennese psychiatrist Rudolf Allers was one of the principal authors that studied character and contributed to understanding its development and education, including the neurotic character. His psychological observations were based on his own clinical experience, his individual psychology, phenomenological and existential philosophies, and, above all, the doctrine of the Fathers of the Catholic Church and Thomas Aquinas. This paper presents Allers's main ideas about self-improvement as a process of personal changing toward self-perfection, that is, toward the best version of oneself. For Allers, self-perfection implies the modification of insane aspects of character such as egocentricity, pride, and untidy love for oneself, which are the most important impediments to self-improvement.

Family connections vs treatment at usual optimized in the treatment of relatives of people with suicidal behavior disorder: study protocol of a randomized control trial.

BACKGROUND: Relatives of people diagnosed with suicidal behavior disorder (SBD) feel guilty, afraid, hopeless, depression and anxiety. It is necessary to help the relatives of people with SBD to reduce their discomfort and burden. Family Connections (FC) is a program that has been shown to be effective in reducing burden, depression, and anxiety, and increasing dominance and validating behaviors in relatives of people with borderline personality disorder. However, there are no RCTs that demonstrate the efficacy of the FC program in patients with SBD. Our research team adapted FC for relatives of people with SBD for delivery in the Spanish population (FC-SBD). The FC-SBD program contains 12 two-hour sessions held once a week. The first aim is to verify the efficacy of the FC-SBD intervention for relatives of people diagnosed with SBD in a randomized control trial with a Spanish sample. The second objective is to analyze the feasibility and acceptance of FC-SBD in relatives. The third aim is to analyze whether the changes produced in the psychological variables in the relatives after the intervention are related to changes in the psychological variables of the patients. This paper presents the study protocol. METHODS: The study design consists of a two-arm randomized controlled trial with two conditions: FC-SBD or Treatment as usual optimized (TAU-O). Participants will be relatives of patients who meet DSM-5 criteria for SBD. The caregivers` primary outcome measures will be the BAS. Secondary outcomes will be DASS-21, FES, DERS, QoL. The patient's primary outcome measures will be the frequency of critical incidents with the family member with SBD. Secondary measures will be the INQ, PHQ-9, OASIS. Participants will be assessed at pretreatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up. The intention-to-treat principle will be used when analyzing the data. DISCUSSION: This study will provide results that confirm the efficacy of the FC-SBD in relatives of people with SBD. These results will also confirm its good acceptance by family members and help us to find out whether it is a good program to improve the prevention of suicidal behaviors in the family environment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05157607 . Registered 15 December 2021.

Psychometric Properties of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-15 in Spanish Adolescents.

Background: Thwarted Belongingness (TB) and Perceived Burdensomeness (PB) are considered risk factors of suicide behavior in the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide and constitute the main factors of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-INQ. Aims: The present study analyzes the internal consistency, construct validity, and invariance across sex and age of the INQ-15, which comprises two subscales, in a sample of Spanish community adolescents. Methods: Participants were 1,536 adolescents from 12 to 19 years old. The INQ-15, the total number of non-suicidal self-injuries (NSSI), the Hopelessness Scale, and the Purpose in Life Test-Adolescents (PIL-A) were used. Results: The INQ-15 showed good internal consistency for TB ( ω ¯ = 0.88) and PB ( ω ¯ = 0.78) subscales and construct and concurrent/discriminant validity in the whole sample. Both the PB and TB subscales showed a good fit { S B χ 2 ( 9 ) = 6.448, p = 0.694, CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.000 [90% CI (0.000, 0.022)] and S B χ 2 ( 27 ) = 248.973, p = 0.000, CFI = 0.922, RMSEA = 0.073 [90% CI (0.065, 0.082)]}, respectively. Regarding the invariance analyses, we found (1) non-invariance in the PB subscale across sex groups and metric, scalar, and stric invariance across age groups, and (2) that it was not possible to perform the invariance analysis for the TB subscale across both sex and age because the fit was not adequate for both boys and 12-15 years old groups. Positive and significant relationships were found between the INQ-15 subscales and hopelessness and NSSI frequency, and negative and significant correlations with meaning in life. Conclusions: The INQ-15 is a valid instrument for assessing TB and PB in Spanish adolescents. Future studies should analyze the invariance of this instrument in adolescents across sex and age.

Spanish Validation of the Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale: Which Dimension of Meaning in Life Is More Associated With Psychopathology in People With Mental Disorders?

BACKGROUND: To assess three dimensions of Meaning in Life (comprehension, purpose, and mattering) the Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale (MEMS) was developed, however, the MEMS's factorial structure has not yet been confirmed in a Spanish-speaking sample. A question that remains unanswered is which of the three dimensions of MiL are associated with psychopathology in clinical samples. AIMS: (1) to analyze the psychometric properties of the MEMS in a Spanish non-clinical population, and (2) to identify which of the three dimensions of MiL shows the strongest relationship with depression, anxiety and positive affect in a clinical population. METHOD: The non-clinical sample, consisted of N = 1106 Spanish adults, and the clinical sample consisted of 88 adults diagnosed with mental disorders. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis and regression analysis were carried out. RESULTS: The three-factor model for the MEMS showed an acceptable fit, and full invariance across gender groups. In the clinical sample, the mattering dimension had the highest association with depression and anxiety, and purpose with positive affect. CONCLUSION: The MEMS is an adequate instrument to assess the three dimensions of meaning in Spanish-speaking participants. These results support the importance of evaluating the MiL construct from a multidimensional perspective in clinical samples.

Psychological assessment of parents of people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and comparison with parents of people without psychological disorders.

Background: To date, several evidence-based interventions have been created to help relatives of people with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), but few studies have analyzed the clinical situation of the family members. The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to explore the clinical symptomatology in a sample of parents of people diagnosed with BPD and compare them with a sample of a sample of people without a relative with a personality disorder, (2) to explore whether the parents of people diagnosed with BPD have psychopathology related to personality disorders (PD) or meet the diagnostic criteria for PD. Method: Participants were 42 (39.6%) fathers and 64 (60.4%) were mothers and mothers (n = XX, −%) of people diagnosed with BPD, who were selected from a specialized PD unit for treatment. The sample of people without a relative with a PD was obtained from social network announcements. To test for differences between the two groups, Student's t tests were performed for quantitative variables, and Chi-square tests were performed for categorical variables. Cohen's d was calculated as a measure of the effect size. Results: Parents of people with BPD showed greater depressive and anxious symptomatology, higher levels of expressed emotion, and worse quality of life than the sample of people without a relative with a personality disorder. In addition, a high percentage of the parents of people diagnosed with BPD (50%) met the diagnostic criteria for different PD. Conclusion: Parents of people diagnosed with BPD may need psychological help in various aspects. Therapists are therefore advised to bear in mind the importance of carrying out a psychological assessment of family members and, if necessary, to offer psychological intervention. It is crucial to invite the family to be part of the treatment, since they can be part of the solution.Clinical Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID, NCT04160871 (registered November 15, 2019).

El sentido de la vida en los relatos de discontinuidad de la carrera delictiva: análisis cualitativo de dos casos / The meaning of life in the stories of discontinuity of the criminal career: qualitative analysis of two cases / O sentido da vida nas histórias de descontinuidade da carreira riminosa: análise qualitativa de dois casos

Resumen El estudio de la relación entre el sentido de la vida y la persistencia o desistimiento de la carrera delictiva, así como su aplicabilidad en el tratamiento de delincuentes, han recibido escasa atención en el ámbito de la criminología. El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en explorar la presencia o ausencia del sentido de vida desde el paradigma de la criminología narrativa. Para ello, estudiamos los relatos de dos varones españoles con extensa carrera delictiva: uno que dejó de delinquir hace 21 años y otro que persiste en la actualidad. Se llevó a cabo un análisis cualitativo sobre tres categorías indicadoras del sentido de vida: comprensión de la propia vida, propósito de vida y sentimiento de importancia. Los resultados indicaron que el relato de desistimiento contenía múltiples referencias al hallazgo de un sentido de vida, en tanto que el entrevistado observó que su hallazgo contribuyó a la finalización del comportamiento ilícito. Por el contrario, el relato de persistencia destacó una experiencia de vacío existencial, la cual condicionaba la continuidad delictiva. Los programas de intervención, cuyo propósito es la prevención de la delincuencia o de la reincidencia, podrían beneficiarse de las aportaciones de un modelo centrado en el sentido de la vida que favorezca el desarrollo de nuevas narrativas resilientes.

Abstract The study of the relationship between the meaning of life and the persistence or withdrawal of the criminal career, as well as its applicability in the treatment of offenders, has received little attention in the field of Criminology. The aim of this work was to explore the presence or absence of the meaning of life from the paradigm of narrative criminology. To do this, we studied the stories of two Spanish men with extensive criminal careers: one who stopped committing crimes 21 years ago and another who persists today. A qualitative analysis was carried out on three categories indicating the meaning of life: understanding of one's own life, life purpose and feeling of importance. The results indicated that the withdrawal report contained multiple references to the finding of a sense of life, while the interviewee observed that its finding contributed to the end of the illicit behavior. On the contrary, the story of persistence highlighted an experience of existential emptiness, which conditioned the criminal continuity. Intervention programmes, whose purpose is the prevention of crime or recidivism, could benefit from the contributions of a model focused on the meaning of life that favours the development of new resilient narratives.

Resumo O estudo da relação entre o sentido da vida e a persistência ou retirada da carreira criminosa, bem como sua aplicabilidade no tratamento dos infratores, tem recebido pouca atenção no campo da Criminologia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi explorar a presença ou ausência do sentido da vida a partir do paradigma da criminologia narrativa. Para isso, estudamos as histórias de dois espanhóis com extensas carreiras criminosas: um que parou de cometer crimes há 21 anos e outro que persiste até hoje. Uma análise qualitativa foi realizada em três categorias indicando o sentido da vida: compreensão da própria vida, propósito de vida e sentimento de importância. Os resultados indicaram que o relatório de retirada continha múltiplas referências à constatação de um sentido de vida, enquanto o entrevistado observou que seu achado contribuiu para o fim do comportamento ilícito. Pelo contrário, a história da persistência destacou uma experiência de vazio existencial, que condiz com a continuidade criminal. Os programas de intervenção, cujo objetivo é a prevenção do crime ou da reincidência, poderiam beneficiarse das contribuições de um modelo focado no sentido da vida que favoreça o desenvolvimento de novas narrativas resilientes.

Characteristics and Unidimensionality of Non-suicidal Self-injury in a Community Sample of Spanish Adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have explored the prevalence and unidimensional structure of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) in Spanish adolescents. METHOD: In this study, we estimated the prevalence, types, and functions of NSSI in 1,733 Spanish adolescents, and we tested the unidimensional factorial structure of non-suicidal self-injury. RESULTS: 24.6% of the adolescents referred to having self-injured at least once during their lifetime, and 12.7% had self-injured using more severe methods of NSSI. The most frequent types of NSSI were interfering with wounds (14.6%), scratching (12.5%), and hitting (11.7%). We found no differences between genders in NSSI frequency. The majority of the participants who self-injured referred to intrapersonal functions. The confirmatory factor analyses of the ISAS-I structure showed a single factor with 10 items, thus supporting the unidimensionality of the construct of NSSI. CONCLUSIONS: NSSIs reflect difficulties in regulating emotions or managing interpersonal relationships in young Spanish people, and these behaviours seem to constitute a unique and latent dimension. Thus, there is a need for intervention programmes focused on managing problems of emotional regulation and maladaptive self-injury behaviours.

Characteristics and Unidimensionality of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in a Community Sample of Spanish Adolescents / Características y Unidimensionalidad de las Autolesiones No Suicidas en una Muestra Comunitaria de Adolescentes Españoles

Background: Few studies have explored the prevalence and unidimensional structure of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) in Spanish adolescents. Method: In this study, we estimated the prevalence, types,and functions of NSSI in 1,733 Spanish adolescents, and we tested the unidimensional factorial structure of non-suicidal self-injury. Results:24.6% of the adolescents referred to having self-injured at least once during their lifetime, and 12.7% had self-injured using more severe methods of NSSI. The most frequent types of NSSI were interfering with wounds (14.6%), scratching (12.5%), and hitting (11.7%). We found no differences between genders in NSSI frequency. The majority of the participants who self-injured referred to intrapersonal functions. The confirmatory factor analyses of the ISAS-I structure showed a single factorwith 10 items, thus supporting the unidimensionality of the construct ofNSSI. Conclusions: NSSIs refl ect difficulties in regulating emotions or managing interpersonal relationships in young Spanish people, and these behaviours seem to constitute a unique and latent dimension. Thus, thereis a need for intervention programmes focused on managing problems of emotional regulation and maladaptive self-injury behaviours. (AU)

Antecedentes: muy pocos estudios han explorado la prevalencia y la estructura unidimensional de las autolesiones no suicidas (ANS) –ISAS-I– en adolescentes españoles. Método: en este estudio, estimamos la prevalencia, tipos y funciones de las ANS en 1.733 adolescentes españoles y probamos la estructurafactorial unidimensional de las ANS. Resultados: un 24,6% de los adolescentes refirieron haberse autolesionado al menos una vez en su vida, y un 12,7% se autolesionaron utilizando métodos más graves. Los tipos más frecuentes de ANS fueron interferir en la curación de heridas (14,6%),rascarse (12,5%) y golpearse (11,7%). No encontramos diferencias por género en la frecuencia de las ANS. La mayoría de los participantes que se autolesionaron refirieron funciones intrapersonales. El análisis factorial confirmatorio para la estructura de los tipos de ANS mostró un factor único con 10 ítems, apoyando así la unidimensional del constructo de ANS. Conclusiones: las ANS reflejan dificultades para regular las emociones o manejar las relaciones interpersonales en los jóvenes españoles y estos comportamientos parecen constituir una dimensión única y latente. Por lo tanto, es necesaria la existencia de programas de intervención enfocados en el manejo de problemas de regulación emocional y de conductas autolesivas no suicidas en este tipo de población. (AU)

Psychometric Properties of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale in a Sample of Stable Severe Mental Disorder Patients.

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). 57 stable severe mental disorder patients (42 men, 73.7%, and 15 women, 26.3%), ranging in age between 23 and 64 years, (M = 46.25; SD = 7.52) answered to the BRCS and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF). Descriptive analyses, estimations of internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted, and correlations between the BRCS and the WHOQOL-BREF were calculated. The factorial validity of the scale was tested using confirmatory factor analysis, with a single dimension of resilience. The BRCS showed acceptable internal consistency (alpha of .69). Correlations between the BRCS and WHOQOL-BREF were positive, r(PhH-R) = .42, r(PsH-R) = .40, r(SR-R) = .33, r(E-R) = .35, and significant (p < .01). In conclusion, the Spanish adaptation of the BRCS seems to be a reliable and valid measure of resilience in stable severe mental disorder patients.

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury in a Spanish clinical sample.

OBJECTIVES: The main aim of the present study was to confirm the two-factor structure of the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury- Part II (ISAS-II), analyze its psychometric properties and test-retest reliability of Parts I and II of the ISAS. METHOD: The sample was composed of 355 Spanish participants diagnosed with eating disorders or borderline personality disorder (mean age 27.89, standard deviation = 13.31; 315 women, 40 men). Two models proposed for the ISAS-II were analyzed by means of confirmatory factorial analysis. RESULTS: A two-factor model was confirmed, and a model with self-care included in the intrapersonal factor was preferable. The ISAS-II showed positive correlations with emotional dysregulation. Test-retest reliability showed statistically significant correlations at 7 months (n = 123). CONCLUSION: The ISAS-II is a valid instrument to assess nonsuicidal self-injury in Spanish populations, making it possible to assess these behaviors, which require valid and reliable measures worldwide.

Rudolf Allers' conception of neurosis as a metaphysical conflict.

The Viennese psychiatrist and philosopher Rudolf Allers (1883-1963) made important contributions to psychiatry and psychotherapy, fundamentally in relation to their anthropological foundations from a Catholic point of view. However, Allers' thought has received rather limited attention from historians of psychiatry. The present study focuses on his conception of neurosis as a metaphysical conflict from a Neoscholastic point of view: the relationship between neurosis and character; his conception of neurosis as a metaphysical conflict; and his ideas about inner transformation (metanoia) as a main therapeutic goal in the case of neurosis and its relationship with sanctity as health and as a path to recovery.

Psychometric properties of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale in a sample of stable severe mental disorder patients

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). 57 stable severe mental disorder patients (42 men, 73.7%, and 15 women, 26.3%), ranging in age between 23 and 64 years, (M = 46.25; SD = 7.52) answered to the BRCS and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF). Descriptive analyses, estimations of internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted, and correlations between the BRCS and the WHOQOL-BREF were calculated. The factorial validity of the scale was tested using confirmatory factor analysis, with a single dimension of resilience. The BRCS showed acceptable internal consistency (alpha of .69). Correlations between the BRCS and WHOQOL-BREF were positive, r(PhH-R) = .42, r(PsH-R) = .40, r(SR-R) = .33, r(E-R) = .35, and significant (p < .01). In conclusion, the Spanish adaptation of the BRCS seems to be a reliable and valid measure of resilience in stable severe mental disorder patients

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